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Topic: Microphyll

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	Microphyll - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Microphyll refers to the leaves of the Lycopodiophyta.
		They are a defining feature of the lycopodiophytes (clubmosses), in contrast to the megaphylls (leaves with multiple, branching vascular traces) of the other vascular plants.
		In addition to having a single unbranching vascular trace, microphylls also occur only with the simplest type of stem vasculature, a protostele in which stems contain a single strand of vascular tissue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Microphyll (284 words)

	Imperial EIS - ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES AND MITIGATION MEASURES cont'd
		If, as a result of these surveys, microphyll woodland habitat downstream of the Project mine and process area is determined to be adversely impacted by the Project, appropriate additional mitigation measures may be required by the BLM and shall be implemented by the Applicant.
		BLM may require the Applicant to acquire title to off-site private lands with comparable microphyll woodland habitat, in a location acceptable to the BLM and the Applicant, to compensate at a 3:1 ratio for adverse impacts to microphyll woodland habitat not otherwise compensated for which cannot be mitigated through application of these additional mitigation measures.
		Microphyll woodland vegetation within the permanent diversion channels shall be established during early mining operations and managed and monitored throughout the life of the Project.
	www.blm.gov /ca/eis/imperial/c4b.html (17865 words)

	Journal of Systematic Biology--Volume 8, Number 4
		Bold et al.(1987) said that the Enation Theory states that microphylls are emergences, or enations, of the stem that have evolved veins.
		The Telome theory also suggests an evolution of microphylls, stating that they are the result of the reduction of Devonian plants that had already developed megaphylls.
		Also research is needed to try to understand whether microphylls evolved simply as reduced megaphylls, as proposed by Zimmermann, or by a completely different route, as proposed by the Enation Theory.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Journal/Vol8/number4/Geckospub.html (2563 words)

	Non-Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The free-living sporophytic plant body is basically dichotomously branching, consisting of a rhizome with adventitious roots, and an aerial portion with numerous, closely spaced, mostly spirally disposed microphyllous leaves, each with a single vascular trace.
		Eusporagia are found on the upper surface of the microphylls, either in unmodified shoot axes or in compact strobili.
		In this species the fertile and sterile microphylls are similar in appearance so that no distinct strobilus is formed.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/vascular/lycopodi.htm (251 words)

	Gola, Edyta M.
		In shoots with helical phyllotaxis the vertical course of PXRs and the regular microphyll pattern cause the characteristic "zig-zag" course of stelar parastichies: each PXR supplies microphylls from different foliar parastichies - traced on the surface of the stem.
		As each trace connects to the nearest vertical PXR, the microphyll traces must vary in length, unlike as in seed plants where megaphyll traces are of rather equal length.
		During dichotomy of the shoot, circumferential discontinuity of the microphyllous phyllotaxis is paralleled by the reconstruction of the stelar system: the change of a stele symmetry and architecture.
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/botany2000/section2/abstracts/15.shtml (281 words)

	Spikemoss - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spikemosses are creeping or ascendant plants with simple, scale-like leaves on branching stems from which roots also arise.
		The plants are heterosporous (megaspores and microspores), and have structures called ligules, scale-like outgrowths near the base of the upper surface of each microphyll and sporophyll.
		There are about 700 species of Selaginella, showing a wide range of characters; the genus is overdue for a revision which might include subdivision into several genera.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spikemoss (229 words)

	Independent recruitment of a conserved developmental mechanism during leaf evolution : Nature
		In extant plants, these events are represented by microphyllous leaves in lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses and quillworts) and megaphyllous leaves in euphyllophytes (ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms).
		Because microphylls and megaphylls evolved independently, different mechanisms might be required for leaf formation.
		Gene expression data from a microphyllous lycophyte, phylogenetic analyses, and a cross-species complementation experiment all show that a common developmental mechanism can underpin both microphyll and megaphyll formation.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v434/n7032/abs/nature03410.html;jsessionid=4ECB53C99E6833D39246F87335A607CD (297 words)

	Fern Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The vascular trace to such a leaf, called a megaphyll, leaves a leaf gap in the vascular cylinder of the stem above the point where it diverges to the leaf.
		Vocabulary includes: root, rhizome, aerial stem, dichotomous branching, microphyll, spiral phyllotaxis, sporophyll, sporangium, strobilus.
		This division includes the ferns, most of which are shade-loving plants of rather small size, although some species (called tree ferns) often reach 20 to 30 or more feet in height.
	koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu /plant_biology/lvplab.html (747 words)

	Lycophyta-3
		The take home message is that the stems can make a major contribution to the total amount of photosynthesis that takes place in Lycopodium.
		Microphylls represent a significant advance compared to leaves of the Bryophyta.
		However, plants like Lycopodium may still need a strong contribution from their stems in order to survive and thrive.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/Webb/BOT201/Lycopodium/lycophyta3.htm (318 words)

	[No title]
		The Bureau of Land Management has initiated a four month multi-species monitoring program at the Imperial Sand Dunes that will likely set a baseline for future population estimates of the Pierson's milkvetch.
		During the four month program, 70 microphyll woodland plots will be surveyed, at least 150 milkvetch transects, and 67 Colorado Desert fringe-toed Lizard transects will be completed.
		According to Christopher Knauf, BLM El Centro Field Office program coordinator, "This is the largest monitoring program we have conducted in the Dunes, and it encompasses a wide variety of monitoring that contributes to an ecosystem level of understanding."
	www.blm.gov /ca/news/2004/02/nr/CDDnews24_milkvetch_monitoring.html (265 words)

	Steve's Blog: Microphyll Cache
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
		While seaching for the Microphyll Cache this evening I met up with Amos and Toni Blodgett from Ottawa, Kansas.
		We must have searched for way over an hour before I got lucky and found the cache.
	mysteve.com /2004/08/microphyll-cache.htm (167 words)

	Biol 1A - Lecture 18
		result is a microphyll, with single unbranched vein
		Describe the process by which a leaf develops from the shoot apical meristem.
		These pages for the personal use of students and teachers; any commercial use or publication is strictly prohibited.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /people/brs/biol1a/Lect18.html (423 words)

	Study Guide for Exam 4
		Know the evolutionary history of the major plant lineages as deduced from the fossil record.
		Know the meaning/significance of the following bryophyte-related terms: gametophyte, sporophyte, zygote, antheridium, archegonium, thallus, gemmae, rhizoid, microphyll.
		Be able to discuss the evolution of the plant life cycle and understand the meaning/significance of the following terms: delayed meiosis, gametophyte, sporophyte, zygote, antheridium, archegonium, sporangium, microsporangium, megasporangium, sporophyll, microsporophyll, megasporophyll, spore, microspore, megaspore.
	www.ualr.edu /botany/stugui4b.html (234 words)

	Equisetum hymale - Common Horsetail - Equisetaceae
		The rush-like dark green stems will reach up to 4 feet (1.5 m) in height.
		The stems are hollow, grooved and have small microphyll leaves at the stem joints.
		Stem walls are filled with silicon dioxide (essentially forming little grains of glass), which make the plants very abrasive.
	www.plantoftheweek.org /week235.shtml (301 words)

	IngentaConnect Corticolous bryophytes in microphyll fern forests of south-east Q...
		IngentaConnect Corticolous bryophytes in microphyll fern forests of south-east Q...
		Corticolous bryophytes in microphyll fern forests of south-east Queensland: distribution on Antarctic beech (Nothofagus moorei)
		Fine-scale variation in corticolous bryophyte communities was examined on the lower trunk of Antarctic beech (Nothofagus moorei) trees within microphyll fern forests of south-east Queensland.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/aec/2000/00000025/00000004/art01048 (180 words)

	Plant Systematics: Lycopodiaceae
		scale-like leaves which are microphylls, 0.2-2 cm long
		sporangia solitary on upper surface of microphyll or aggregated in strobili
		one solitary vein running down the leaf (or microphyll)
	www.denison.edu /biology/biol320/lycopodiaceae.html (276 words)

	DFT Vascular Plant Image Library (Isoëtaceae)
		Isoetes melanopoda (zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium; (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: Hugh Wilson
		Isoetes melanopoda (zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium, ligule; (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: Hugh Wilson
		Isoetes melanopoda (zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium, ligule (close); (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: Hugh Wilson
	www.csdl.tamu.edu /FLORA/imaxxiso.htm (214 words)

	BIO 12 PLANT BIOLOGY
		How long, relative to the sporophyte, does the gametophyte live?
		8. What’s the difference between an enation (prophyll), a microphyll, and a megaphyll?
		30. What is the difference between a microphyll and a microsporophyll?
	www.csus.edu /indiv/r/reihmanm/b12st4.htm (859 words)

	Texas Vascular Plant Image Library (Isoetaceae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		(zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium; (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: TAMU-HW
		(zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium, ligule; (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: TAMU-HW
		(zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium, ligule (close); (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: TAMU-HW
	www.csdl.tamu.edu /FLORA/ftc/dft/imatxiso.htm (133 words)

	Introduction to the Lycophyta
		The most significant feature of lycophytes are microphylls, a kind of leaf which has arisen and evolved independently from the leaves of other vascular plants.
		The microphyll has only a single unbranched strand of vascular tissue, or vein, whereas megaphylls, found in other plants with leaves, have multiple veins, usually branching one or more times within the leaf.
		Click on the buttons below to learn more about the Lycophyta.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /plants/lycophyta/lycophyta.html (181 words)

	Vascular Plant Image Gallery (Isoëtaceae)
		(zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium; (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: Hugh Wilson
		(zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium, ligule; (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: Hugh Wilson
		(zoom) - Microphyll base with sporangium, ligule (close); (Theiss Property), Madison County, Texas (Amanda Neill 2545) - photo: Hugh Wilson
	botany.cs.tamu.edu /FLORA/imaxxiso.htm (168 words)

	Seedless Vascular Land Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		What type of spores (homosporous or heterosporous) do each of the following categories of plants produce: Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equisetum, and ferns?
		What is the difference between Microphyll and Sporophyll leaves?
		What genus is better known as ground pine or club mosses?
	www.spc.cc.tx.us /biology/rzamora/botany/Seedless_Vascular_Land_Plants.htm (148 words)

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