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	Microvillus Inclusion Disease
		The disorder is characterized by chronic, severe, watery diarrhea and insufficient absorption (malabsorption) of necessary nutrients due to incomplete development (hypoplasia) and/or degeneration (atrophy) of certain cells of the wall of the small intestine (e.g., hypoplastic villus atrophy, defective brush-border assembly and differentiation).
		Microvillus Inclusion Disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic trait.
		Microvillus Inclusion Disease is thought to be caused by a basic defect in the cells in the intestinal wall (brush-border assembly and differentiation) of the small intestine and colon.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord709.htm (1095 words)

	Microvillus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Each microvillus has a dense bundle of cross-linked actin filaments, which serves as its structural core.
		The plus ends of the actin filaments are collected in the tip of the microvillus, while the minus ends bind to a ‘terminal web’ composed of thin filaments, linked together by a complicated set of proteins including spectrin and myosin II.
		This is seen in infections caused by EPEC subgroup Escherichia coli, in Celiac disease, and Microvillus Inclusion Disease
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Microvillus (846 words)

	eMedicine - Congenital Microvillus Atrophy : Article by Stefano Guandalini, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Microvillus atrophy is usually characterized by growth retardation and some developmental delay later in infancy.
		Microvillus atrophy is an autosomal recessive disease, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear.
		PAS accumulates in low crypts in atypical microvillus atrophy, in upper crypts in congenital microvillus atrophy, and in low villi in late-onset microvillus atrophy.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic461.htm (2457 words)

	Lipid fluidity and composition of intestinal microvillus membranes isolated from rats of different ages. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The lipid composition and fluidity of microvillus (luminal) membranes isolated from the small intestines of Fisher 344 rats aged 6, 17, and 117 weeks were compared.
		The results demonstrate an age-dependent decrease in fluidity of intestinal microvillus membranes in the early post-weaning period in the rat.
		This pattern was unlike that of the microvillus membrane p-nitrophenylphosphatase, whose specific activity declined progressively in the older age groups.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_6498196.html (244 words)

	eMedicine - Congenital Microvillus Atrophy : Article Excerpt by: Stefano Guandalini, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The term microvillus atrophy was first used to identify the disease in 1982.
		The hallmark of the disease is the electron microscopic finding of disrupted enterocytic microvilli (ie, digitations of the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelial cell protruding into the lumen) and the appearance of characteristic inclusion vacuoles, the inner surfaces of which are lined by typical microvilli.
		Biopsy samples from the small intestine of 2 infants with congenital microvillus atrophy were examined to analyze the membrane protein of the brush border.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/congenital-microvillus-atrophy.htm (713 words)

	Final Diagnosis -- Case 163
		Introduction -- Microvillus inclusion disease (MID) is an inherited disorder characterized morphologically by a defective intestinal brush border and by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions of Microvillus membrane within enterocytes.
		An alternative explanation is that the inclusions result from involution of preformed surface microvilli.This contention is supported by the observation that the Microvillus inclusions are situated exclusively in the apical portions of the cytoplasm (6).
		Microvillus inclusion disease: an inherited defect of brush border assembly and differentiation.
	path.upmc.edu /cases/case163/dx.html (470 words)

	Autophagocytosis of the apical membrane in microvillus inclusion disease -- Reinshagen et al. 51 (4): 514 -- Gut
		Autophagocytosis of the apical membrane in microvillus inclusion disease
		Endocytosed OVA (arrows) was present within the microvillus inclusion body (MIB) in a villus enterocyte and the paracellular space.
		Clinical response to the longacting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 in a child with congenital microvillus atrophy.
	gut.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/51/4/514 (3294 words)

	Static and dynamic lengths of neutrophil microvilli -- Shao et al. 95 (12): 6797 -- Proceedings of the National Academy ...
		D actually represents the change in the microvillus length because the tip of the microvillus is stationary on the bead.
		Because the velocity of a rolling cell is much less than the velocity of a neutrally buoyant cell, the force and torque calculation for a static cell in a shear flow is generally used (9, 12, 21).
		Microvillus extension and tether formation in neutrophils were not known before this study and a related one (23), so pulling
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/12/6797 (4940 words)

	Dynamic Contact Forces on Leukocyte Microvilli and Their Penetration of the Endothelial Glycocalyx -- Zhao et al. 80 ...
		The mean force and duration of the contact of the long microvillus with a solid surface are plotted in Fig.
		The reattachment contact of this 0.3-µm microvillus is compared with the free-rolling contacts shown in Fig.
		4, in which the microvillus length is either 0.5 µm (solid lines) or 0.7 µm (dashed lines).
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/80/3/1124 (8809 words)

	Neonatal congenital microvillus atrophy -- Pecache et al. 80 (940): 80 -- Postgraduate Medical Journal
		Abnormal expression of brush-border membrane transporters in the duodenal mucosa of two patients with microvillus inclusion disease.
		Periodic acid-Schiff staining abnormality in microvillus atrophy: photometric and ultrastructural studies.
		Intestinal microvillus atrophy in a patient with Down syndrome and aganglionic megacolon.
	pmj.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/80/940/80 (1768 words)

	Development of intestinal brush border membrane proteins in the rat.
		The proteins of the intestinal microvillus membrane have been studied during post-natal development in the rat (days 12--37).
		In suckling animals (up to age 20 days), the majority of alkaline phosphatase, glucoamylase and lactase activities in the distal half of the intestine were located in the supernatant fraction (100000 X g, 60 min).
		Thus, the changes in the microvillus membrane during development in the rat are not limited to specific enzymes.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_411509.html (275 words)

	Does Ca2+ Reach Millimolar Concentrations after Single Photon Absorption in Drosophila Photoreceptor Microvilli? -- ...
		is the surface of the microvillus membrane (Fig.
		in microvilli that are in the vicinity of the microvillus that
		is the ratio of the cross-sections of neck and microvillus.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/77/4/1811 (5781 words)

	Current Research: Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		If the separation distance between a microvillus and the plate becomes equal to or less than the unstressed bond length, the microvillus forms a link with the plate.
		This follows from the fact that the microvillus core is a bundle of parallel actin filaments that extend from the microvillus tip into the cell cytoplasm.
		Therefore the "microvillus spring" (one of the actin filaments) together with the bond form a system of two springs in series.
	www.duke.edu /~damir/texts/current/cell/leukocyte_adhesion.html (868 words)

	Pedro J.I. Salas, M.D., Ph.D.
		Several molecular mechanisms are known to cooperatively operate to localize proteins either in the apical or basolateral domains, or to correct errors in the polarized protein delivery.
		Failures in the insertion of polarized proteins or an excessive activation are known to cause genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and microvillus inclusion disease, toxic conditions such as secretory diarrhea, or to be a downstream consequence of other genetically determined conditions, such as polycystic kidney disease.
		Microvillus Inclusion Disease: a genetic defect affecting apical membrane protein traffic in intestinal epithelium.
	chroma.med.miami.edu /cellbio/faculty/faculty_salas.html (490 words)

	APStracts 2:0034E, 1995. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Two rat intestinal alkaline phosphatases are directed to the microvillus membrane and also appear to be secreted bidirectionally from the enterocyte attached to a phospholipid-rich membrane (surfactant-like particle).
		To determine the intracellular pathways for both newly synthesized alkaline phosphatases and for the extracellular enzyme-particle complex in the intestinal mucosa, pulse-chase experiments with radioactive amino acid precursors were performed.
		These results are consistent with a dominant direct Golgi to microvillus membrane transport for newly synthesized intracellular alkaline phosphatase, and with at least one additional precursor pool that is responsible for the early appearance of enzyme in the luminal washings.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1995/endo/March/34e.html (288 words)

	ER Function in the Adult Male Rat: Short- and Long-Term Effects of the Antiestrogen ICI 182,780 on the Testis and ...
		Lower microvillus border on d 52 was found in treated and control rats, indicating a potential fixation problem.
		Height of the microvillus border and the number of lysosomes were reduced.
		B, On d 7 of ICI 182,780 treatment, a moderate decrease in NHE3 expression was noted along the apical microvillus border of the efferent ductule nonciliated cells.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/143/6/2399 (6876 words)

	Neisseria gonorrhoeae Coordinately Uses Pili and Opa To Activate HEC-1-B Cell Microvilli, Which Causes Engulfment of ...
		Microvillus adherence is clearly separate from bacterium-pilus interactions.
		The HEC-1-B cells were incubated for 30 min with 0 to 50 µg of chloramphenicol per ml, the spent medium was aspirated, the HEC-1-B cells were inoculated with gonococci that had been diluted in medium containing the appropriate concentration of chloramphenicol, and the HEC-1-B cells were incubated for various times.
		As little as 5 µg of chloramphenicol per ml abolished microvillus elongation at 6 h; 10 µg of chloramphenicol per ml was needed to abolish microvillus elongation within the first hour.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/7/3469 (5918 words)

	Localisation of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) to the microvillus membrane of rat duodenal enterocytes in iron ...
		to the microvillus membrane in iron deficiency, in the cytoplasm
		was not confined to the microvillus membrane of the hepatocytes,
		The presence of DMT1 on the microvillus membrane of hepatocytes,
	gut.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/46/2/270 (5323 words)

	Current Research: Leukocyte deformation and adhesion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Note that in the first case the separation distance is less than the microvillus length, i.e., receptor-ligand interaction can occur at zero time.
		When the separation distance is more than the unstressed microvillus length (the second and third cases), the dependence of contact time on separation distance is less pronounced.
		This is because the cell center is very close to the stagnation plane.
	www.duke.edu /~damir/texts/current/cell/cell_movies.html (983 words)

	Escherichia coli Strain RDEC-1 AF/R1 Endogenous Fimbrial Glycoconjugate Receptor Molecules in Rabbit Small Intestine -- ...
		the 130- and 140-kDa subunits of the ileal microvillus membrane
		Microvillus proteins were separated on 6% Tris-glycine SDS-polyacrylamide gels (Novex, San Diego, Calif.).
		antibodies raised to the 130- and 140-kDa microvillus membrane
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/2/640 (5403 words)

	The Individualist: Microvilli
		A microvillus (usually not occurring alone, so usually referred to as the plural microvilli) is a small (0.08 �m in diameter, 1 �m long) extension of the cell surface of absorptive and secretory epithelial cells, such as kidney and intestinal cells.
		This is seen in infections caused by EPEC subgroup Escherichia Coli, in Celiac disease, and Microvillus Inclusion Disease (an inherited disease characterized by defective microvilli and presence of cytoplasmic inclusions of the cell membrane other than the apical surface).
		The destruction of microvilli can actually be beneficial sometimes, as in the case of elimination of microvilli on white blood cells which can be used to combat auto immune diseases.
	www.dadamo.com /wiki/wiki.pl/Microvilli (864 words)

	Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases \| Full text \| Microvillous inclusion disease (microvillous atrophy)
		Ultrastructural analyses reveal: 1) a partial to total atrophy of microvilli on mature enterocytes with apical accumulation of numerous secretory granules in immature enterocytes; 2) the highly characteristic inclusion bodies containing rudimentary or fully differentiated microvilli in mature enterocytes.
		Light microscopy shows accumulation of PAS-positive granules at the apical pole of immature enterocytes, together with atrophic band indicating microvillus atrophy and, in parallel, an intracellular PAS or CD10 positive line (marking the microvillous inclusion bodies seen on electron microscopy).
		On EM, mature enterocytes show a reduced to completely absent microvillus profile on the apical membrane, and increased numbers of autophagic granules [8].
	www.ojrd.com /content/1/1/22 (2587 words)

	WASp is required for the correct temporal morphogenesis of rhabdomere microvilli -- Zelhof and Hardy 164 (3): 417 -- ...
		is a delay in microvillus initiation in WASp mutant cells.
		Bretscher, A. Rapid phosphorylation and reorganization of ezrin and spectrin accompany morphological changes induced in A-431 cells by epidermal growth factor.
		The 110-kD protein–calmodulin complex of the intestinal microvillus (brush border myosin I) is a mechanoenzyme.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/164/3/417 (5652 words)

	Microvillus group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The CMEC group (previously named the microvillus group) has existed since 1974 and has its origin in the common interest of Ove Norén and Hans Sjöström in the digestive enzymes of the microvillus membrane of the small intestine.
		The mechanisms of their biosynthesis including its regulation and their intracellular sorting have for many years attracted a particular interest, as has the connection between biochemical mechanisms and pathological disorders, especially adult-type hypolactasia and coeliac disease.
		The CMEC group has in later years expanded its interest along different lines, all of which derive from problems with connection to the small intestinal microvillus membrane.
	www.imbg.ku.dk /cmec/history.htm (154 words)

	Regulation of Oocyte Microvilli Development in the Baboon Fetal Ovary by Estrogen -- Zachos et al. 145 (2): 959 -- ...
		microvillus development in the primate fetal ovary is incomplete.
		Approximately 30–40 follicles per animal were examined by transmission electron microscopy as outlined in the legend to Fig.
		of a microvillus brush border on the oocyte of primordial follicles
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/145/2/959 (4126 words)

	Drosophila melanogaster Cad99C, the orthologue of human Usher cadherin PCDH15, regulates the length of microvilli -- ...
		microvillus size colocalize with the tip complex, which is thought
		(G–J) Cad99C staining reflects the dynamic changes in microvillus length: a strong growth from stage 9 (G) to late 10a (H), and a progressive shortening from stage 10b (I) to stage 11 (J).
		The stripe pattern of this band reflects the alternate arrangement of microvilli and vitelline bodies at stage 10 of oogenesis.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/171/3/549 (6713 words)

	[No title]
		Important as “tracks” for protein shuffling (think about axonal transport in a neuron!) spindle fiber formation, and is the core of flagella and cilia.
		Anchored by centrioles microvillus: extension of cells with a core of microfilaments, nonmotile terminal web: network of thin filaments at the base of a microvillus that runs parallel to the cell membrane.
		Major support of thin filament core of microvillus centriole: paired cylindrical structures, important as anchors for microtubules in mitosis cilium: membrane covered mobile structure with microtubule core.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~ajgulbis/MedLinks/HCB/HCBType/2.doc (812 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The final N terminal cleavage of a small segment is depicted by the elimination of the terminal loop in the microvillus form of the enzyme.
		The protein consisting of regions III and IV contains the two active sites and is inserted into the microvillus membrane of the enterocyte as a mature enzyme of approximately 160 kDa.
		The proximal portion encompassing regions I and II has no enzymatic activity, but has been shown to function in correct folding of the enzyme.
	www.pitt.edu /~super1/lecture/lec11981/005.htm (267 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Microvillus inclusion disease - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Microvillus inclusion disease is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Microvillus inclusion disease, or a subtype of Microvillus inclusion disease, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
		Terms that may be interchangeable with Microvillus inclusion disease:
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/microvillus_inclusion_disease.htm (240 words)

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