
	Where results make sense

Topic: Microwave background radiation

Related Topics

Cosmic microwave background radiation

	The Cosmic Background Radiation
		If the Earth moves with respect to the microwave background, it will be blue shifted to a higher effective temperature in the direction of the Earth's motion and red shifted to a lower effective temperature in the direction opposite the Earth's motion.
		The cosmic background radiation (sometimes called the CBR), is the afterglow of the big bang, cooled to a faint whisper in the microwave spectrum by the expansion of the Universe for 15 billion years (which causes the radiation originally produced in the big bang to redshift to longer wavelengths).
		As shown in the adjacent intensity map of the background radiation in different directions taken by the Differential Microwave Radiometer on NASA's COBE satellite, it is not completely uniform, though it is very nearly so (Ref).
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/cosmology/cbr.html (660 words)

	Cosmic microwave background radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is a form of electromagnetic radiation discovered in 1964 that radiates throughout the universe in the microwave range.
		As the universe expands, the CMB photons are redshifted, cooling the radiation inversely proportional to the Universe's scale length.
		Because water absorbs microwave radiation, a fact that is used to build microwave ovens, it is rather difficult to observe the CMB with ground-based instruments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation (1978 words)

	Cosmic background radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cosmic background radiation is electromagnetic radiation from the sky with no discernable source.
		The origin of this radiation depends on the region of the spectrum that we are observing.
		There is also background radiation in the infrared, x-rays, etc., with different causes; most of these are ultimately attributable to unresolved individual sources.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation (200 words)

	Cosmology
		The uniformity of the background radiation is evidence for the cosmological principle.
		This background radiation is interpreted to be the relic of the early universe.
		Notice that the background appears completely uniform at a temperature of 2.728 K. The colors for the temperatures range from blue for 2.724 K to red for 2.732 K. The double-lobe pattern shows the doppler effect from the motion of the Sun with respect to the background radiation.
	www.astronomynotes.com /cosmolgy/s5.htm (1289 words)

	The Microwave Background Radiation
		The microwave background radiation is a messenger from this primordial soup.
		The microwave background radiation was created in approximately the same environment everywhere (remember that it came from an epoch in which everything was a very homogeneous hot mixture of nuclei and electrons) and because of this we expect it to look the same in every direction.
		The horizontal axis corresponds to the frequency of the radiation, the vertical axis to the intensity.
	phyun5.ucr.edu /~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node118.html (1011 words)

	Cosmic microwave background radiation : CMB
		The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation that fills the whole of the universe.
		This radiation is regarded as the best available evidence of the Big Bang theory -- it gives a snapshot of the Universe when the temperature dropped enough to allow electrons and protons to form hydrogen atoms, thus making the universe transparent to radiation.
		Since the cosmic microwave radiation is rather difficult to observe with ground-based instruments, CMB research makes increasing use of air and space-borne experiments.
	www.wordlookup.net /cm/cmb.html (632 words)

	Big Bang Theory - Origin of Universe - 0rig.in (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This relic radiation is the cosmic microwave background.
		The Big Bang theory predicted the existence of the cosmic microwave background radiation or CMB which is composed of photons emitted during baryogenesis.
		Their discovery provided substantial confirmation of the general CMB predictions—the radiation was found to be isotropic and consistent with a flbody spectrum of about 3 K —and it pitched the balance of opinion in favor of the Big Bang hypothesis.
	www.0rig.in /cosmology/big_bang_theory.htm (4780 words)

	Press Release: The 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics
		The radiation is emitted in various ways; for example, hydrogen clouds in the Galaxy radiate when excited, and cosmic ray electrons radiate when spiralling in the weak magnetic fields of interstellar space.
		The composition and origin of this background were for a long time not well understood; it was assumed to consist of the integrated radiation from a great number of sources, both galactic and extragalactic.
		The study of cosmic microwave radiation, and especially of the weak background radiation, obviously requires the use of a very sensitive receiver.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1978/press.html (1469 words)

	The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
		Perhaps the most conclusive, and certainly among the most carefully examined, piece of evidence for the Big Bang is the existence of an isotropic radiation bath that permeates the entirety of the Universe known as the "cosmic microwave background" (CMB).
		It was soon determined that the radiation was diffuse, emanated unifromly from all directions in the sky, and had a temperature of approximately 3 Kelvin (2.73K).
		The fact that the spectrum (see figure) of the radiation is almost exactly that of a fl body implies that it could not have had its origin through any prosaic means.
	aether.lbl.gov /www/science/cmb.html (827 words)

	Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
		In addition to this cosmic microwave background radiation, the early universe was filled with hot hydrogen gas with a density of about 1000 atoms per cubic centimeter (a teaspoon is roughly 3 cubic centimeters).
		The behavior of cosmic microwave background photons moving through the early universe is analogous to the propagation of optical light through the Earth's atmosphere.
		Cosmologists studying the cosmic microwave background radiation can look through much of the universe back to when it was opaque: a view back to 500,000 years after the Big Bang.
	pdg.lbl.gov /~barnett/universe.adventure/cbr.htm (901 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Map reveals strange cosmos
		The best map yet of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation - the so-called echo of the Big Bang - shows the Universe may not be the same in all directions.
		The radiation that we detect as the CMB comes from a time when the Universe was less than half a million years old; from the so-called recombination era when hydrogen atoms formed in the cooling, expanding fireball of the Big Bang.
		In general, the relic radiation from these clouds is almost isotropic - the same in all directions.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/2814947.stm (764 words)

	Cosmology: A Research Briefing
		The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR), discovered in 1964, is a telltale remnant of the early universe.
		Currently, the radiation temperature is 2.73 K, which means that most of the CMBR exists now as radio energy in the microwave band.
		The illustration on the cover of this report is the resulting COBE map of the intensity of microwave radiation arriving from various directions in the sky.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/books/cosmology/2.html (2628 words)

	Cosmic Microwave Background
		He inaccurately predicted the temperature of this radiation to be about 50 K (-267°C), but his students later re-calculated the temperature to be 5 K. However, there was still no empirical proof of the existence of the radiation, so Gamow's theory fell somewhat into obscurity.
		So as a result of the continual expansion of the universe, the light waves of this radiation have stretched out to longer wavelengths which today exist in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum (which is why we call it the Cosmic "Microwave" Background).
		Astronomers and physicists suspected that the Cosmic Microwave Background might display very slight fluctuations in temperature, but this data could not be accurately recorded until the flight of COBE because it was the first satellite experiment to gather information from outer space, where all of the background noise from water vapor could be eliminated.
	cmb.physics.wisc.edu /tutorial/cmb.html (1431 words)

	Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
		They calculated that this radiation should still be visible but because of the expansion of the universe would by now have been red-shifted to the microwave part of the spectrum.
		The COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite was developed to measure the diffuse infrared and cosmic microwave background radiation from the early Universe.
		FIRAS has shown that the cosmic microwave background spectrum matches that of a flbody of temperature 2.726K with a precision of 0.03% of the peak intensity over a wavelength range 0.1 to 5 mm.
	www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk /study/sci/cosmo/internal/microwav.htm (1051 words)

	Footprints of Creation
		In 1989, an instrument aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite measured the cosmic background radiation with unprecedented accuracy.
		COBE measured a cosmic background radiation spectrum that fits perfectly with the predicted flbody spectrum at 2.735 degrees Kelvin.
		Until 1992, the cosmic background radiation was thought to vary by no more than one part in 10,000.
	archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu /Cyberia/Cosmos/Footprints.html (791 words)

	Fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
		Finally, in 1992, the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite made the first detection analogous to seeing "mountains on the surface of the Earth": it detected cosmological fluctuations in the microwave background temperature.
		The "yin-yang" pattern is the dipole anisotropy that results from the motion of the Sun relative to the rest frame of the cosmic microwave background.
		These cosmic microwave temperature fluctuations are believed to trace fluctuations in the density of matter in the early universe, as they were imprinted shortly after the Big Bang.
	pdg.lbl.gov /~barnett/universe.adventure/fluct.htm (669 words)

	Cosmic Microwave Background - FAQs
		Microwaves are the name given to radiation between the infra-red and radio region, with wavelengths typically in the 1mm to 10cm range.
		For microwaves the dish, or set of dishes, is made of a material (metal) which reflects microwaves.
		The focussed radiation is transported to the receivers by means of "wave-guides", which are pipes specially tuned to transmit microwave signals.
	www.astro.ubc.ca /people/scott/faq_basic.html (1466 words)

	NDAG-Inflation / Microwave Background Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A favored explanation for the generation of the observed fluctuations in the CMB temperature is by the expansion of quantum fluctuations of a scalar field during the inflationary epoch.
		The change in angular anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background from scales of a few degrees to the full sky is, therefore, a measurement of the rate of change in the effective potential during that short interval of inflation for which those angular scales were stretched beyond the apparent horizon.
		We explore the degree to which the functional form of the potential can be constrained from the sensitivity of the variance of the quantum fluctuations to the inflation generating potential.
	www.nd.edu /~astro/imbr.htm (243 words)

	Cosmic Microwave Background - Introduction
		This background of microwaves was in fact the cooled remnant of the primeval fireball - an echo of the Big Bang.
		The fact that the spectrum (see figure) of the radiation is almost exactly that of a "fl body" (a physicists way of describing a perfect radiator) implies that it could not have had its origin through any prosaic means.
		The pattern of this temperature variation on the sky is known as a "dipole", and is exactly what is expected if we are moving through the background radiation at high speed in the direction of the hot part.
	www.astro.ubc.ca /people/scott/cmb_intro.html (1634 words)

	The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
		A detailed view of the Cosmic Microwave Background from WMAP, compared to the original view from the COBE satellite.
		This radiation fills the entire Universe and is no stronger or weaker in any direction.
		This radiation is believed to be a clue to the Universe's brilliant beginning, known as the Big Bang.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/the_universe/CMBR.html (258 words)

	Physics: Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)
		As you know, the Cosmic Background Radiation (CMBR) is a wide spectrum (a continuum) of electromagnetic radiation received from outer space.
		Therefore, I conclude that since the hydrogen is well known in space, the Planck spectrum observed (erroneously attributed to the Big Bang) is due to Hydrogen at 3K in the universe.
		The 3K radiation (and the absence of any other Planck spectrum) proves the steady state model of the universe.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Physics-CMBR.htm (943 words)

	0rig.in - Origin of life, thought and ideas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It can also be seen in the cosmic microwave background radiation which is the much-attenuated radiation that originated soon after the Big Bang.
		This background radiation is remarkably uniform in all directions, which cosmologists have attempted to explain by an initial period of rapid inflation following the Big Bang.
		This opinion was strengthened by the latest data from WMAP, looking at "acoustic oscillations" in the cosmic microwave background radiation temperature variations.
	www.0rig.in (1181 words)

	Boomerang - Caltech Observational Cosmology Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Temperature Fluctuations in the Cosmic Background Radiation, as measured by Boomerang in 1998.
		The continuing mission of the Boomerang project is to study the properties of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMBR).
		Although the existence of the CMBR was first predicted in 1948, the radiation was not observed until 1965.
	www.astro.caltech.edu /~lgg/boomerang_front.htm (1152 words)

	ESA - Science - Home - Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation
		The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the cooled remnant of the first light that could ever travel freely throughout the Universe.
		Since the time when that radiation was released, the Universe has expanded, becoming at the same time cooler and cooler.
		Today, we can detect the CMB at microwave frequencies or length scales, which are much longer than, for example, the length scales to which our eyes are can see.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/SEMB3AR1VED_index_0.html (610 words)

	Origin of the Universe
		As the Universe expanded and cooled down, this hot radiation should cool down, eventually being observable in the radio region of the spectrum.
		In the 1960s Penzias and Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation: a uniform radio hiss that implied a temperature of about 3 degrees Kelvin.
		Later, the COsmic Background Explorer (COBE) took very detailed measurements of the spectrum and spatial distribution of this radiation, confirmed that it is extremely uniform, is of the spectral shape predicted by theory, and corresponds to a temperature of 2.7 degrees Kelvin.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/ask_astro/answers/970922g.html (723 words)

	COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION (the final chapter)
		My previous attempt at aligning the consequences of a zero origin universe with the microwave background data has failed because I failed to abide by the obvious consequences of that origin.
		The fact that the background is observed to be (apparently) receding at 55 km/sec per Mpc distance into the past justifies the # ^1.12 curve adjustment factor.
		The mandatory requirement of an ever reducing input from the lesser matter content of the universe that existed in earlier times is accommodated, but the squaring rate of evolutionary change per time that I had previously envisaged doesn't appear to be.
	www.science-one.com /new-4831527-4253.html (881 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)