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Topic: Micturition reflex

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	Urination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This reflex occurs in the spinal cord, specifically in the sacral region that is modified by the higher centers in the brain: the pons and cerebrum.
		The ability to voluntarily inhibit micturition develops at the age of 2-3 years, and subsequently, the influence of the pons and cerebrum on the spinal micturition reflex predominates.
		Voluntary initiation of micturition involves an increase in action potentials sent from the cerebrum to facilitate the micturition reflex and to voluntarily relax the external urinary sphincter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urination (3250 words)

	Role of Spinal Glutamatergic Transmission in the Ascending Limb of the Micturition Reflex Pathway in the Rat -- ...
		the ascending limb of the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex
		of glutamate in the ascending limb of the micturition reflex pathway
		the ascending limb of the micturition reflex pathway and that
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/285/1/22 (4311 words)

	IFESS 20001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Traditionally, coordinated micturition (bladder contractions coupled with a reduction in external urethral sphincter activity) is assumed to require a spinal-brainstem-spinal reflex loop triggered by bladder distention.
		Reflex bladder contractions were generated by filling the bladder with warm saline while obstructing the bladder neck and urethra with a catheter.
		These results suggest that the neuronal circuitry required for reflex bladder contractions exist within the spinal cord, may be accessed via urethral afferents, and that a direct descending pathway is not required for reflex bladder activation.
	www.ifess.org /cdrom_target/ifess01/oral2/gustafsonKJ.htm (1598 words)

	Volume-evoked micturition reflex is mediated by the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in anesthetized rats -- Matsuura ...
		Volume-evoked micturition reflex is mediated by the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in anesthetized rats
		The central pathway of the micturition reflex in the rat was investigated functionally by acute blockade of synaptic neurotransmission
		Electrophysiological analysis of the ascending and descending components of the micturition reflex pathway in the rat.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/6/R2049 (3532 words)

	Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract: Basis for Current and Future Treatments of Urinary Incontinence -- Andersson ...
		glycinergic neurons on the spinobulbospinal and spinal micturition
		of the descending limb of the micturition reflex pathway in
		the micturition reflex and that muscarinic receptors in the
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/56/4/581 (6121 words)

	ACVC 2001 - The Leakers: Disorders of Micturition and Continence
		Disorders of micturition include disorders of urine retention (incontinence) and disorders of bladder emptying, which may or may not be accompanied by incontinence.
		Normal micturition requires stimulation of the parasympathetic receptors in the detrusor, with a simultaneous decrease in sympathetic and somatic tone to relax the urethra and allow complete contraction of the bladder.
		The bladder emptying part of the micturition reflex is normal, but when the dog is at rest and the bladder is full, the internal sphincter tone is insufficient to prevent leakage of urine.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00442.htm (2294 words)

	Reflex Activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Effect of capsaicin on the micturition reflex in normal and chronic spinal cord-...
		Reflex stimulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in res...
		Reflex influences on renal nerve activity characteristics in nephrosis and heart...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /medical/41.html (518 words)

	The Effects of Spinal or Mesencephalic Transections on Sleep
		Finally, reflexive erections also were performed in both spinal and mesencephalic rats during wakefulness to examine the descending control of penile reflexes in the two groups.
		Reflex erection tests were performed on six mesencephalic rats and three spinal rats before and after transections using a modified method of Sachs and Garinello.(10) The animals were placed on a board in a supine position with the head and anterior torso in a fl Plexiglas cylinder.
		Reflexive erections were initiated by retracting the penile sheath and maintaining it in a retracted position by placing the glans penis through a hole in masking tape fastened to the abdomen.
	ura1195-6.univ-lyon1.fr /articles/schmidt/sleepV22N4-1999/sommaire.html (6536 words)

	Welcome to SAMBA - The Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia
		Voiding is a reflex action ("the micturition reflex") that requires simultaneous contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder, and relaxation of the internal and external urethral sphincters.
		The afferent (sensory) limb of this reflex is conveyed primarily via pelvic nerves to synapse in the sacral cord, with projections to the micturition center in the brain.
		The entire reflex arc is subject to modulation or control by higher centers located in the dorsolateral pons (the pontine micturition center), the diencephalon and the cerebral cortex.
	www.sambahq.org /professional-info/syllabi-19-AM-abstract9.html (3371 words)

	Lower urinary tract function in patients with pituitary adenoma compressing hypothalamus -- Yamamoto et al. 76 (3): 390 ...
		Micturitional disturbance and pontine tegmental lesion; urodynamic and MRI analyses of the vascular cases.
		Lesions of the anterior frontal lobes and disturbances of micturition and defaecation.
		Micturition and defensive behaviors are controlled by distinct neural networks within the dorsal periaqueductal gray and deep gray layer of the superior colliculus of the rat.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/76/3/390 (2437 words)

	Neuropathic bladder - Aloy Okeke
		The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, hypothalmus, basal ganglia and cerebellum have a modifying influence on the pontine micturition centre.
		second, the micturition reflex is activated, co-ordinated in the brain stem (pons).
		Stimulation of the striated sphincter has a reflex inhibitory effect on the detrusor which is useful for the management of DI and hyperreflexia.
	www.bui.ac.uk /Tutorials/neurobladd.htm (2783 words)

	Presentation # 64 - Restoration of bladder control in spinal cord injured patients using electrical stimulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Once the threshold for micturition is exceeded, the detrusor contracts (micturition reflex) causing the intravesical pressure to rise even further.
		In intact cats the afferent path of the micturition reflex consists of small diameter A afferents but in chronic spinal cats a second afferent path consisting of C-fiber afferents is present.
		The impaired storage function could in principle be improved by methods that decrease the sensitivity of the detrusor afferents, decrease the activity in the bladder efferents or surgically increase the bladder capacity.
	www.uclm.es /inabis2000/symposia/files/064/session.htm (2707 words)

	Effect of capsaicin on the micturition reflex in normal and chronic spinal cord-injured cats -- Cheng et al. 277 (3): ...
		Central reflexes (CR) elicited on a postganglionic bladder nerve in response to electrical stimulation of afferent axons in pelvic nerve in an anesthetized normal animal.
		that comprise the afferent limb of the micturition reflex pathway
		Reflexes to sacral parasympathetic neurones concerned with micturition in the cat.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/3/R786 (4503 words)

	Urination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The micturition integrated in the spinal cord predominates in The ability to voluntarily inhibit micturition develops the age of 2-3 years and subsequently influence of the pons and cerebrum on spinal micturition reflex predominates.
		The micturition reflex in the spinal cord is automatic but is either stimulated or inhibited by descending potentials.
		Higher brain centers prevent micturition by action potentials from the cerebrum and pons spinal pathways to inhibit the spinal micturition Consequently parasympathetic stimulation of the urinary bladder inhibited and somatic motor neurons that keep external urinary sphincter contracted are stimulated.
	www.freeglossary.com /Urination (952 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Evidence for the involvement of central 5-HT7 receptors in the micturition reflex in ...
		In Protocol 1 (cystometry), the bladder was infused with saline until threshold was reached and the micturition reflex was evoked.
		After 15 min, the infusion was stopped and the bladder emptied; 3 min later, the saline was infused into the bladder until micturition was evoked, the infusion was discontinued, the bladder was emptied and the residual volume was collected and measured.
		Central areas in involved in micturition are the hypothalamus, dorsal inferior colliculus, paraquaductal grey, pontine nucleus and nucleus subcoerules (see De Groat et al., 1993) and 5-HT receptors have been identified in these regions (To et al., 1995; Gustafson et al., 1996; see Vanhoenacker et al., 2000).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v140/n1/full/0705399a.html (4344 words)

	[No title]
		A simplified picture would be that as the bladder fills, sensory receptors in the bladder wall trigger the micturition reflex - a simultaneous contraction of the detrusor and relaxation of the urethral and periurethral muscles.
		If the micturition reflex is purely sacral then suprasacral lesions of the spine should result in physiological voiding.
		If the micturition reflex had total control over voiding, micturition would occur automatically at certain bladder volumes and this is the case with babies and depending on the level of the lesion, some
	www.sghurol.demon.co.uk /urod/neuro.htm (356 words)

	Substance P via NK1 receptor facilitates hyperactive bladder afferent signaling via action of ROS -- Chien et al. 284 ...
		the afferent and efferent neural transmission of the micturition
		afferent micturition pathway in the lumbosacral spinal cord (Fig.
		Reduction in renal haemodynamics by exaggerated vesicovascular reflex in rats with acute urinary retention.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/4/F840 (6414 words)

	Spinal Micturition Reflex Mediated by Afferents in the Deep Perineal Nerve -- Boggs et al. 93 (5): 2688 -- Journal of ...
		Reflexes mediated by urethral sensory pathways are integral
		Reflexes involving the external urethral sphincter in the cat.
		Jiang C and Lindstrom S. Prolonged enhancement of the micturition reflex in the cat by repetitive stimulation of bladder afferents.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/93/5/2688 (6927 words)

	AAVIS - The Integral Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It was possible to reinterpret almost all the definitions and descriptions of the International Continence Society in terms of this classification, and to explain how vaginal laxity may cause premature activation of the micturition reflex (detrusor instability) stress incontinence and abnormal emptying (dribble, overflow).
		The manifestations of the micturition reflex were, in order of temporal occurrence (10): a sensation of urgency (n=109) (sensory urgency), fall in urethral pressure (n=91)(urethral instability), rise in detrusor pressure (n=56)(detrusor instability), and urine loss (n=52)(urge incontinence).
		We know from video micturition studies (7,8) that the urethra is always actively stretched open by pelvic floor contraction prior to urine loss, and we consider that in patients with DI, the same external muscle force acts as an accelerator for the micturition reflex (Om, figure 4).
	www.aavis.org /theory/integ.htm (3699 words)

	Elimination of rat spinal neurons expressing neurokinin 1 receptors reduces bladder overactivity and spinal c-fos ...
		Analysis of the afferent limb of the vesicovascular reflex using neurotoxins, resiniferatoxin and capsaicin.
		Evidence for a role of tachykinins as sensory transmitters in the activation of micturition reflex.
		Micturition in rats: a chronic model for study of bladder function and effect of anesthetics.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/288/3/F466 (4276 words)

	Effects of ZD6169, a KATP Channel Opener, on the Micturition Reflex in the Rat -- Yu and de Groat 290 (2): 825 -- ...
		ZD6169 in a concentration-dependent manner increased the ICI and increased the pressure threshold for evoking the voiding reflex.
		The frequency of micturition was relatively constant during the course of the experiment.
		Yu YB, Fraser MO and de Groat WC (1996) Effects of intravesical administration of ZD6169 on the micturition reflex and on C-Fos expression in the spinal cord induced by noxious bladder stimulation in the rat.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/290/2/825 (4509 words)

	eMedicine - Neurogenic Bladder : Article by Raymond Rackley, MD
		Normal voiding essentially is a spinal reflex that is modulated by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which coordinates the functions of the bladder and urethra.
		In infants, the higher center of voiding control (the brain) is not mature enough to command the bladder, which is why control of urination in infants and young children comes from signals sent from the sacral cord.
		The voiding reflexes of the lower urinary tract—the primitive voiding reflex—remain intact.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3176.htm (13386 words)

	Chonghe Jijang: Prolonged Modulation of the Micturition Reflex by Electrical Stimulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Modulation of the micturition reflex pathway by intravesical electrical stimulation - an experimental study in the rat.
		Optimal conditions for long term modulation of the micturition reflex by intravesical electrical stimulation - an experimental study in the rat.
		Prolonged increase in micturition threshold volume by ano-genital afferent stimulation in the rat.
	www.ida.liu.se /ext/epa/diss/med/05/82 (168 words)

	Basic Urodynamics - Micturition Reflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The MICTURITION REFLEX is a two phase cycle that serves as a protective mechanism for the kidneys.
		This reflex is uninhibited when we are born, and we learn to inhibit (or control) it as we mature.
		The ability to control the MICTURITION REFLEX is dependent upon two "systems" being intact.
	www.life-tech.com /uro/urolib/micrflx.htm (161 words)

	PROF. DR AHMED SHAFIK RESEARCH & PUBLICATIONS UROLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The description of a new reflex and its clinical significance.
		Description of the reflex and its role in stress urinary incontinence.
		Role of the 2 reflexes in regulation of urine flow from the renal pelvis to the ureter.
	www.micainc.net /profshafika12.htm (789 words)

	ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The discovery of the "Ureterovesical Junction Inhibitory Reflex and the Vesicoureteral Junction Excitatory Reflex" (Urol Res, 1996), as well as of "The Pelvi-Ureteral Inhibitory Reflex and the Uretero-Pelvic Excitatory Reflex" (Neurourol Urodyn, 1997) and the "Renal Pelvi-Vesical Reflex" (World J Urol, 1998) clarified more interrelations.
		Shafik's studies "Surgical Anatomy of the Pudendal Nerve and its Clinical Implications" (Clin Anat,1995) and "Pudendal Canal" (Amer Surg, 1999) are seen as essential contributions, which have enabled the treatment of Idiopathic Pelvic Pain, if it is caused by Pudendal Nerve Entrapment.
		Reflexes are of great significance also in Gastroenterology because they govern actions such as deglutition, bile flow, gastric motility, and others.
	www.micainc.org /drshafik2.htm (259 words)

	Find in a Library: Neurogenic control of the micturition reflex : the Fifth Oslo Biennial Symposium on Lower Urinary ...
		Find in a Library: Neurogenic control of the micturition reflex : the Fifth Oslo Biennial Symposium on Lower Urinary Tract Physiology and Pathophysiology, Holmenkollen Park Hotel, 9 and 10 November 2001
		Neurogenic control of the micturition reflex : the Fifth Oslo Biennial Symposium on Lower Urinary Tract Physiology and Pathophysiology, Holmenkollen Park Hotel, 9 and 10 November 2001
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/82271cf297edd5eca19afeb4da09e526.html (120 words)

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