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Mid-nineteenth century France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia France, having rejected for dynastic reasons the candidature of a Frenchman, the duc de Montpensier, was threatened with a German prince. France and its Emperor were emboldened by the success in Crimea and turned towards Italy, where public sentiment in France had long opposed the Austrian domination. The Treaty of Prague put an end to the secular rivalry of Habsburg and Hohenzollern for the hegemony of Germany, which had been France's opportunity; and Prussia could afford to humour the just claims of Napoleon by establishing between her North German Confederation and the South German states the illusory frontier of the Main. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mid-nineteenth_century_France

Bourbon Dynasty, Restored - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Between 1827 and 1830, France faced an economic downturn, industrial and agricultural, that was possibly worse than the one that sparked the Revolution of 1789. Following the ousting of the last king to rule France in 1848, the Second Republic was formed after the election of Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as President (1848-1852), who subsequently had himself declared Emperor Napoleon III of the Second Empire from 1852 - 1871. Technically, the Charter of 1814 made France a constitutional monarchy. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Restoration

Napoleonic Wars France was the second-largest producer, arming its own huge forces as well as those of the Confederation of the Rhine and other allies. Because the revolution and Napoleon's reign witnessed the first application of the lessons of the 18th century's wars on trade and dynastic disputes, it is often falsely assumed that such ideas were the fruit of the revolution rather than ideas which found their implementation in it. France was no longer a dominating power over Europe as it had been since the times of Louis XIV. in-northcarolina.com /search/Napoleonic_Wars.html

French Second Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Where is he?" France indeed needed, or thought she needed, a Napoleon; and the demand was soon to be supplied. Lamartine, thinking that he was sure to be the choice of the electors under universal suffrage, won over the support of the Chamber, which did not even take the precaution of rendering ineligible the members of families which had reigned over France. In spite of the preponderance of the "tricolour" party in the provisional government, so long as the voice of France had not spoken, the socialists, supported by the Parisian proletariat, had exercised an influence on policy out of all proportion to their relative numbers or personal weight. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_republic

The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Nineteenth-Century France:0674762711:Nord, Philip:eCampus.com France in the mid-nineteenth century was shaken by a surge of civic activism, the "resurrection of civil society". The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Nineteenth-Century France The new republican elite was armed with a specific vision that rallied rural France - a vision of solidarity and civic-mindedness, of moral improvement, and of a socioeconomic order anchored in family enterprise. www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0674762711

NCAW Winter 03 Camilla Murgia on the The Rouillet Process At the dawn of the nineteenth century, art education was, as it had been for centuries, a matter of constant practice aimed at the mastery of drawing. Other drawing books were published during the first half of the nineteenth century, all of which responded to (1) the need for clear instruction and (2) the need to diffuse the knowledge of drawing given the rapid expansion of the industrial arts. A new generation of artists criticized the rigid rules laid down in the late eighteenth century; in particular, the pursuit of pure and exact contours was increasingly held responsible for suffocating creativity and producing works of art that lacked "soul" or vitality. www.19thc-artworldwide.org /winter_03/articles/murg.html

ALEX PECK MEDICAL COLLECTING ALERTS, P. 1 Nineteenth century ink erasers and quill sharpening knives are often sold as Civil War scalpels or bleeders. A nineteenth century photo of a railroad field hospital mis-described by the seller as a Civil War field hospital. This is a rather common late nineteenth to early twentieth century butcher's combination saw knife. www.antiquescientifica.com /alerts.htm

Sample Chapter for Pitts, J.: A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France. The argument that critique was unthinkable in the nineteenth century, whereas it had been conceivable in the eighteenth, cannot hold. I argue that although Constant shared with Tocqueville many concerns typical of nineteenth-century French liberals--above all the desire to build a cohesive liberal society in the wake of the Revolution and the empire--Constant was suspicious of imperial conquest in ways that his liberal heirs were not. When nineteenth-century British observers of India claimed that Indian society was marked by economic stagnation, and cultural traditionalism, they described phenomena that were in some measure true thanks to their own exploitative rule. www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/s7967.html

The nineteenth century - France Discount Paris Hotel Rates By the mid- nineteenth century, a neo-Baroque strain had established itself, a style exemplified by Charles Garnier's Opéra in Paris (1861-74), which, under the heading of Second Empire and with its associations of voluptuous good living, seductive painting and general "ooh-la-la", provides probably the most persistent image of France among the non-French. In addition to the correct, official Classicism and the robust, exuberant and commercial Baroque, there is a third strand running through the nineteenth century that was ultimately more fruitful. A more significantly French development was in the use of reinforced concrete towards the end of the century, most notably by Auguste Perret, whose 1903 apartment house at 25 rue Franklin, Paris 16e, turns the concrete structure into a visible virtue and breaks with conventional façades. www.gohotelrooms-paris.com /Paris_80191.htm

Emile Auguste Carolus-Duran - AMAM Burty had favorably reviewed Carolus-Duran's work as early as 1866; see Gabriel P. Weisberg, The Independent Critic: Philippe Burty and the Visual Arts of Mid-Nineteenth-Century France (New York, 1993), p. By the mid 1870s Carolus-Duran had turned from his early realist style to one more concerned with painterly effect. Burty coined the term "japonisme" and wrote several articles on the contemporary taste for Japanese art and culture in France. www.oberlin.edu /allenart/collection/duran_charles.html

Untitled Document The highly paid courtesan of the demi-monde represented the pinnacle of a continuum of women who traded their bodies and their company for financial reward in mid-nineteenth century France. A survey of newspapers in Great Britain during one week in the mid-nineteenth century showed that a hundred of them contained thinly disguised advertisements for aborrion; and in France, by the end of the century, claims were being made that between one hundred thousand and five hundred thousand abortions were carried out every year. By the middle of the nineteenth century commercial douches were readily available in pharmacies and were also sold via respectable mail order catalogues, purportedly for purposes of hygiene. www.haverford.edu /fren/dkight/Fr103Fall04/WeekFive/horizontales.html

In This Issue The American Historical Review, 104.5 The History Cooperative The four books that Cohen discusses, although focusing on such diverse themes as the meaning of the twentieth century, fins de siècle in British history, and various manifestations of apocalypticism, all are overwhelmingly centered on the West. The queen figured prominently in royal representations, while caricatures feminized the king's appearance or portrayed him, in relations to France, the constitution or the press, as a monster brutalizing women. The most important of these, he argues, is that the significance of this year as "end time" is grounded in a particular method of reckoning the passage of time that does not have the same meaning for all peoples. www.historycooperative.org /journals/ahr/104.5/ah000xiv.html

Motte & Bailey, Booksellers The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Nineteenth-Century France. A scholarly study of a French knight and duke of the 13th century, focusing on the growth of the feudal estates, the crusades of St. Louis, the rivalry between England and France, and the conflicts between church and state. A study of the role of the Jews in the various revolutions effecting France during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. www.mottebooks.com /books/france.html

The Staging of History in Mid-Nineteenth-Century France: Daniel Auber's "Gustave III" (1833) Short Description: A study of French historiography in mid-nineteenth-century France and its connection to operatic works that premiered on the stage of the Paris Opéra during the July Monarchy. Paper: Revolution of History in Mid-Nineteenth-Century France, The The political and social events in France during the 1820s were so great that history was defined anew. h05.cgpublisher.com /proposals/17/index_html

8-2-98.htm To understand the art of mid-nineteenth century France, perhaps a cartoon-like drawing done by Honore Daumier might serve to enlighten us. However such was the nature of the political ebb and flow during this period in France that the Socialist political movement came and went leaving the Realist ART movement as something of a bathtub ring denoting it's high-water mark. We tend to think of it as perhaps the most conservative type of art there is. Yet, in France, in the 1830s through the 1860s, it was very much a liberal cause, espoused by artist such as Gustave Courbet, Jean-Francois Millet, and Honore Daumier. users.1st.net /jimlane/98arch/8-2-98.htm

A NYMAS Fulltext Resource: France:1940 As recent literature on the war demonstrates, France was defeated because her generals had made serious mistakes during the campaign. He had insisted through the 1920s that France keep an intervention force in permanent readiness, and had already made himself unpopular by suggesting that bloodshed was occasionally necessary to keep the peace. The general staff understood that France’s greatest weakness was the concentration of industry in the north. libraryautomation.com /nymas/france1940gordon.html

France: 19th and 20th centuries / 19e et 20e siècles He returned to France the next year as a radical leftist member of the legislative body, and started a new journal La Marseillaise, but was arrested again. According to the preface these volumes were published because the freedom of the press did not longer exist in France. Leroy-Beaulieu,P. Paul Leroy-Beaulieu and established liberalism in France. www.mdejongh.com /063.html

The music of the mid nineteenth century In France, a part from the work of Hector Berlioz, who is considered to be the only native French Romantic composer, Paris became an active meeting place and home of many foreign musicians. He can be seen as a forerunner of 20th century music. For it’s here where we find the greatest influence on the not to distant 20th century. www.ilt.columbia.edu /projects/bluetelephone/html/centurymusic.html

From the Sun King to the Royal Twilight: Painting in Eighteenth-Century France from the Musee de Picardie, Amiens - Santa Barbara Museum of Art - Absolutearts.com It will be accompanied by a fully illustrated catalogue with an introductory essay by Mattieu Pinette, chief curator at the Musée de Picardie, Amiens, on the revival of collecting eighteenth-century painting in the nineteenth century, as exemplified by the Lavalard brothers; and a foreword by Pierre Rosenberg, director at the Musée du Louvre. The collection of eighteenth-century painting at the Musée de Picardie, Amiens, is notable for its numerous royal commissions and for a donation of over two hundred and fifty paintings made in the 1890s by the Lavalard brothers--two avid collectors of works from the French classical age. Over the course of the eighteenth century, artists began to receive commissions not only from the court, but also from the bourgeoisie. www.absolutearts.com /artsnews/2001/04/24/28432.html

Mosaic Unit 14: The Exhibition: The View from France The Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 encapsulated in a single event a range of social tensions, economic changes, and political struggles occurring in mid-nineteenth-century France. In addition, jury members and reporters from France frequently credited the success of French industry at the Crystal Palace to the good taste of French consumers, and the issue of taste in consumption and production subsequently became an important part of the discourse in France over national economic policy and industrial development. It was also a matter of considerable concern to those French men and women of the time who saw in the exhibition an opportunity for France to assert a leading role in a global economy. college.hmco.com /history/west/mosaic/chapter14/source469.html

boys clothes in France during the 1850s: Pierre Lot Built in the 19th century, Pierre Lot's house is certainly the most original and exotic place you can visit in Rochefort. It is situated in a fantastic oriental house inspired by Turkish/Syrian architecture of the 19th century, including a real Damascene mosque. All those mesmerized by North Africa should visit the Lot Museum in Rochefort-sur-mer (western France). histclo.hispeed.com /bio/g/bio-loti.html

Mary Webster--THE MID NINETEENTH CENTURY Rococo Revival frames recall the frame styles of the 18th C. in France and England, and are embellished with ornament based on the natural world. Interest in Holland led to the popularity of the American Ripple frame, so-called because of the wavy nature of its gilded surface, which brilliantly reflected the gas lights of Victorian parlors. Massive neo-Classical frames, so important to the Hudson River School painters, display acanthus leaves, fluted coves, and other Classical ornament. www.marywebster.com /midcent/midcent.html

Art Movements, periods, styles, trends, history Effective Realist Art, such as Eric Fischl's psychologically charged rendering of domestic drama, recalls the nineteenth century sense of the term as a powerful means of commenting on, and the illumination of, contemporary experience. By the mid-twentieth century the distinction between the two had largely disappeared, and today Realism and Naturalism are used interchangeably. The term "art for art's sake"-which had been coined in the early nineteenth century-was now widely used to describe experimental art that needed no social or religious justification for its existence. www.e-fineart.com /art_movements.html

Childrens Clothing - France What Pierre Loti's autobiography says about children's clothing and hairstyles in mid-nineteenth century France. We are the largest importer/retailer of fine childrens clothing from France and Italy, we feature clothing by Miniman, Jean Bourget / IKKS and Magil. Clothing shops for men, women and children in the village of Montalivet and Vendays in the Medoc, France... www.babyclothessource.com /15/childrens-clothing---france.html

Eric H. Reiter Imported Books, Imported Ideas: Reading European Jurisprudence in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Quebec Law and History Review, 22.3 The History Cooperative Whereas France had an active tradition of domestic jurisprudence going back to Cujas and Donellus in the sixteenth century, through Domat in the seventeenth, and culminating in Pothier in the immediate pre-Revolutionary years, Quebec jurists were not of the same class. The influence of the German Historical and Philosophical Schools in France as well as their cachet among intellectually inclined jurists, however, suggests that there might be a more direct influence at work, especially considering that Cartier, at least, had access to these ideas through the French periodicals to which he subscribed. This was particularly true in France, whose own ongoing experiment with codified law allowed French jurists to be both curious and smug about the news coming across the Rhine, but Scottish civilians too followed the developments and wrote synthetic works that spread news about German jurisprudence still farther. www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/22.3/reiter.html

Aminzade, R.: Ballots and Barricades: Class Formation and Republican Politics in France, 1830-1871. Using class analysis to understand the dynamics of political conflict in mid-nineteenth-century France, Ronald Aminzade explores political activity among workers in three industrialized French cities--Toulouse, Saint-Étienne, and Rouen. "This is a work of considerable insight and a major contribution to the understanding of France in the 19th century."--Choice Challenging traditional theories of industrialization and revolution, Aminzade innovatively uses narratives to provide a historically grounded analysis of the failed municipal revolutions of 1871 and the triumph of liberal-democratic institutions in France. www.pupress.princeton.edu /titles/5294.html

Sample text for Library of Congress control number 2002016908 Anarchism was a branch of socialism that arose in mid-nineteenth-century France and England as a combined legacy of the Enlightenment belief in the perfectibility of humankind and the Romantic fervor for noble savages and stormy rebelliousness. The turn of the nineteenth century coincided with a rash of anarchist bombings and assassinations in western Europe and the United States (more on which in the next chapter). The political and economic transformation of Japan in the late nineteenth century was accompanied by anger and dismay over disrupted traditional hierarchies and ways of life. www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/prin031/2002016908.html

Hist-465.htm Bonnie Smith, Ladies of the Leisure Class: the Bourgeoises of Northern France in the Nineteenth Century. Maurice Lévy-Leboyer and François Bourguignon, The FrenchEconomy in the Nineteenth Century: An Essay in Econometric Analysis. This is volume four in the Cambridge History of Modern France, but it is actually a translation of two volumes (one by each of the co-authors) in a French series published in the 1970s. www.umsl.edu /~hisshaus/Hist-465.htm

AEH: EUR.LABOR: Wage Competition between Agriculture and Industry France to investigate how and to what extent the seasonality of www.eh.net /lists/archives/abstracts/nov-1996/0000.php

Title: "Camille" - Topics: World/France; Drama; Cinema; Demimonde, Consumption; La Traviata Age: 12+; Not rated; Drama; 1937; 108 minutes; B and W. This is a classic story of love and tragedy in mid-nineteenth century France. www.teachwithmovies.org /guides/camille.htm

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