Middle Francia - Factbites

Middle Francia - Factbites
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Topic: Middle Francia

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	SUNFLOWERS Community Boards - What nations can you play?
		There could be the Carolingian empire of Charlemagne and the smaller successor kingdoms created by Treaty of Verdun in 843 Francia, Lotharingia in the middle that encompassed everything from the Low Countries to Northern Italy, and a western portion approximating to modern-day Germany.
		Portugal, however, did not exist until the middle of the 12th century, so I assume this is the 'late period' scenario.
		But you are right, for the middle period, Sweden will likely have to be a playable side.
	forum.sunflowers.de /showthread.php?t=88 (1026 words)

	High Middle Ages - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		By the time of the High Middle Ages, the Carolingian Empire had fallen and was replaced by separate kingdoms in Francia (nominally, France) and Germania (nominally, Germany).
		The High Middle Ages are the central part of the Middle Ages, a period roughly comprising the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
		The interior of the Notre-Dame de Paris, the bulk of which was constructed during the high middle ages.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/High_Middle_Ages (1026 words)

	FRANCIA
		One of the most infamous episodes of the Middle Ages, the Crusade was largely against and at the expense of the Count of Toulouse.
		The standard gold coin, the "dollar of the Middle Ages," had been the Roman solidus, which was minted without debasement from the days of Constantine until the reign of the Emperor Michael IV, in Constantinople, in the 11th century.
		One consequence of the dominance of Latin was the universal use of the Latin alphabet, and the borrowing of Latin vocabuary for vernacular languages from Norwegian to Hungarian.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (1026 words)

	Edmund of East Anglia: Life of Abbo
		Abbo of Fleury was born in the Orléanais just before the middle of the tenth century and began his literary and political education in the monastery of Fleury as a young boy.
		Gerbert of Aurillac, by that time an adviser to the last Carolingian kings of Francia, waged a letter-writing campaign against the "usurper" abbot, whom he did not name but who surely must have been Oylbold himself.
		With the death of Louis V, the last Carolingian ruler of France, Hugh Capet had himself crowned king, despite the existence of a Carolingian claimant to the throne.
	www.wmich.edu /medieval/research/rawl/edmund/abbo.html (2509 words)

	Kingdoms of France - Franks
		Louis II of Middle (Italian) Franks rules the Empire.
		The Carolingian son of Louis V, Charles of Lorraine, was ignored in favour of passing the crown permanently to the House of Paris.
		Charles III (his numbering is not strictly counted within the list of French monarchs) is deposed by the Germans and the Frankish Empire is officially divided between East and West.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/FranceFranks.htm (645 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - The Holy Roman Emperor
		Lothar receives Middle Francia (Rhine corridor and Italy); Charles the Bald receives Western Francia (France); Louis the German receives Eastern Francia (Germany).
		Lothar I of Middle (Italian) Franks rules the Empire.
		Charles I of Spain, II of Holland, I of Austria.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyHRE.htm (645 words)

	MSN Encarta - Holy Roman Empire
		In 870 Lothair's middle kingdom was divided by the Treaty of Mersen, which gave Lotharingia to East Francia and the rest to West Francia.
		Charles II received West Francia (roughly modern-day France); Lothair I acquired the imperial title and an area running from the North Sea through Lotharingia (Lorraine) and Burgundy to northern Italy; Louis II received East Francia (the German duchies of Saxony, Swabia, and Bavaria).
		Much of the tension can be attributed to the monastic reform movement originating in Cluny, in present-day France, which encouraged a more austere, disciplined, and prayerful life within monasteries and convents.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558731/Holy_Roman_Empire.html (645 words)

	MSN Encarta - Holy Roman Empire
		In 870 Lothair's middle kingdom was divided by the Treaty of Mersen, which gave Lotharingia to East Francia and the rest to West Francia.
		Charles II received West Francia (roughly modern-day France); Lothair I acquired the imperial title and an area running from the North Sea through Lotharingia (Lorraine) and Burgundy to northern Italy; Louis II received East Francia (the German duchies of Saxony, Swabia, and Bavaria).
		By the terms of the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the empire was split among Louis’s three sons.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558731/Holy_Roman_Empire.html (2355 words)

	Time International (Spanish Edition): Nantes: La Beaujoire Life's a beach in the home town of Verne.(la Copa del Mundo, Francia) (TA: the World Cup, Francia)@ HighBeam Research
		Time International (Spanish Edition): Nantes: La Beaujoire Life's a beach in the home town of Verne.(la Copa del Mundo, Francia) (TA: the World Cup, Francia)@ HighBeam Research
		Not exactly the place you'd except to find Copacabana Beach--along with volleyball tournaments, snack stands and rock bands--but Nantes' World Cup planners saw nothing odd about dumping 2,800 tons of sand in the middle of town to welcome last year's champion team Brazil.
		Nantes: La Beaujoire Life's a beach in the home town of Verne.(la Copa del Mundo, Francia) (TA: the World Cup, Francia)
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:20890023 (2355 words)

	List of French monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most medieval historians would argue that the existence of France proper did not begin until the advent of the Capetian Dynasty in 987, or, at the very earliest, with the establishment of the Kingdom of Western Francia at the Treaty of Verdun in 843.
		In light of these recent trends, this list begins with the creation in 843 of Charles the Bald's Kingdom of Western Francia, the state which would directly evolve into modern France.
		Kings ruled in France from the Middle Ages to 1848.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_French_monarchs (2355 words)

	Guide and Index to Lists of Rulers
		At the same time, it must be considered that Roman Catholic areas of Belorussia (White Russia or Belarus) and the Ukraine, which had been conquered and proselytized by Lithuania in the Middle Ages (and so for a long time religiously part of Francia), have been permanently returned to Russia.
		The earliest states of the Middle East did not so much have universalist pretentions as they did think of themselves as uniquely real, civilized, and human, as opposed to the chaos of barbarians outside.
		One motivation is that history is often not taught anymore in terms of dynasties and rulers, since this is thought (by an academic elite comfortably supported by the taxpayers) to be too elitist and too removed from the life of the people.
	www.friesian.com /histindx.htm (2355 words)

	The Dissolution of the Frankish Empire
		Lothair abdicated 855 and entered a monastery where he died five days later, his kingdom Middle Francia was divided between his three sons.
		Lothair II died 869 without sons and Charles the Bald of West Francia tried to annex his kingdom.
		Pepin had died 838 and his son Pepin II fought in vain to hold on to his father's kingdom of Aquitaine, he was finally defeated 852.
	www.tacitus.nu /historical-atlas/francia2.htm (952 words)

	SparkNotes: Early Middle Ages (475-1000): End of the First European Order: Foreign Invasions, Carolingian Obsolescence, and Doorstep of the High Middle Ages (840s-950s)
		Only Franconia was cooperative, with the dukes of Swabia, Lotharingia, and Bavaria resenting his pretensions to untrammeled leadership of eastern Francia.
		He was the first non-Frankish king of the Germans, and spent the first six years of his rule in fighting of other dukes.
		During these same years, Conrad's rule had passed to Henry the Fowler, Duke of Saxony.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/middle1/section9.rhtml (3365 words)

	FRANCIA
		Written characters as they actually developed during the Middle Ages are now dismissed as "Gothic" and used only for special purposes -- although they were widely used in Germany ( Fraktur) until recently.
		The standard gold coin, the "dollar of the Middle Ages," had been the Roman solidus, which was minted without debasement from the days of Constantine until the reign of the Emperor Michael IV, in Constantinople, in the 11th century.
		Then Clovis not only occupied northern Gaul (486), absorbed the Alemanni (505), and defeated the Visigoths (507), but actually converted to orthodox Catholicism, making the Franks the first major German tribe to accept the spiritual authority of the Roman Church (others were Arian Christians) and so, as the closest Patriarch, the Pope in Rome itself.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (3365 words)

	FRANCIA
		The division was equal enough, Charles "the Bald" in the West ( Francia Occidentalis), Louis "the German" in the East ( Francia Orientalis), and Lothar in the Middle and South ( Francia Media).
		As the authority of the German Emperors declined, and that of the Kings of France grew, the "Middle Kingdom" (Francia Media) of Lorraine, Burgundy, and Italy began to pass either from German to French control (Upper Lorraine, Burgundy) or from German control to separate status (Lower Lorraine, i.e.
		The west, Francia Occidentalis, grows into modern France, speaking a Romance language, and the east, Francia Orientalis, grows into modern Germany, officially speaking a High German dialect that might have seemed uncouth to Charlemagne.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (3365 words)

	Guide and Index to Lists of Rulers
		At the same time, it must be considered that Roman Catholic areas of Belorussia (White Russia or Belarus) and the Ukraine, which had been conquered and proselytized by Lithuania in the Middle Ages (and so for a long time religiously part of Francia), have been permanently returned to Russia.
		The earliest states of the Middle East did not so much have universalist pretentions as they did think of themselves as uniquely real, civilized, and human, as opposed to the chaos of barbarians outside.
		One motivation is that history is often not taught anymore in terms of dynasties and rulers, since this is thought (by an academic elite comfortably supported by the taxpayers) to be too elitist and too removed from the life of the people.
	www.friesian.com /histindx.htm (3012 words)

	Buenos Aires Information and Deals - TripAdvisor
		This hotel is all that you could hope for from an upscale place to stay in the middle of it all in BA....
		Buenos Aires: Hotel Plaza Francia: "Comfortable - good location"
		Buenos Aires: Hotel Plaza Francia: "The Best Hotel in Town"
	tripadvisor.com /AllReviews-g312741-or370-Buenos_Aires_Capital_Feder... (1483 words)

	Guide and Index to Lists of Rulers
		At the same time, it must be considered that Roman Catholic areas of Belorussia (White Russia or Belarus) and the Ukraine, which had been conquered and proselytized by Lithuania in the Middle Ages (and so for a long time religiously part of Francia), have been permanently returned to Russia.
		The earliest states of the Middle East did not so much have universalist pretentions as they did think of themselves as uniquely real, civilized, and human, as opposed to the chaos of barbarians outside.
		One motivation is that history is often not taught anymore in terms of dynasties and rulers, since this is thought (by an academic elite comfortably supported by the taxpayers) to be too elitist and too removed from the life of the people.
	www.friesian.com /histindx.htm (3012 words)

	FRANCIA
		One of the most infamous episodes of the Middle Ages, the Crusade was largely against and at the expense of the Count of Toulouse.
		Later France would take most of the 18th century to acquire Alsace and Lorraine, but most of the Imperial Kingdom of Burgundy would be acquired by the reign of Henry IV (numbers in blue are the dates of acquisition by France).
		Napoleon's contempt for Britain as a "nation of shopkeepers" continues today in countries that could stand a great deal more shopkeepers; but the French and Germans know that the "Anglo-Saxon" model of liberalism is what contradicts their stupifying socialist institutions.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (3012 words)

	FRANCIA
		As the authority of the German Emperors declined, and that of the Kings of France grew, the "Middle Kingdom" (Francia Media) of Lorraine, Burgundy, and Italy began to pass either from German to French control (Upper Lorraine, Burgundy) or from German control to separate status (Lower Lorraine, i.e.
		As neat halves of Charlemange's empire eventually formed, France in the West and Germany in the East, the stage for the greatest battles of modern war in the 19th and 20th centuries would be set along the seam, from Waterloo (1815) to Verdun (1916) to the Bulge (1944).
		This was the essence of modern totalitarianism, later theoretically formulated by Marx, and it enabled France to wash over her enemies -- all except England, which had had its Revolutions back in the 17th century.
	www.uncg.edu /rom/courses/dafein/civ/kings.htm (2665 words)

	FRANCIA
		One of the most infamous episodes of the Middle Ages, the Crusade was largely against and at the expense of the Count of Toulouse.
		A fifth kingdom, Italy, comes together in the south, spreading from traditional Lombardy all the way down to Naples and Sicily, which in this period were in a different political and cultural sphere altogether (of Romania or Islâm).
		The boundaries south of the Loire should be taken as approximate, since I find disagreements in my sources -- at best an indication that boundaries were often redrawn during the period, at worst that they are not well understood.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14280 words)

	OHG PRIMER - INTRODUCTION
		and Rhenish Franconian (the dialect of the old province of Francia Rhinensis).
		Middle Franconian, the dialect spoken along the banks of the Moselle and of the Rhine from Coblence to Düsseldorf.
		By Old High German (OHG.) we mean the High German language from the beginning of its earliest monuments in the eighth century up to about the end of the eleventh century.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /Marmaria/ohg/ohg_primer_00.htm (14280 words)

	OHG PRIMER - INTRODUCTION
		Middle Franconian, the dialect spoken along the banks of the Moselle and of the Rhine from Coblence to Düsseldorf.
		Upper Franconian (UFr.), consisting of East Franconian (the dialect spoken in the old duchy of Francia Orientalis)
		Upper German (UG.), spoken in the highlands of South Germany, and consisting of the Alemanic and Bavarian dialects.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /Marmaria/ohg/ohg_primer_00.htm (310 words)

	Crusader States, Kings of Jerusalem & Cyprus, Templars, Hospitallers, Israel, etc.
		It is even part of Francia because in 1239 Prussia was granted to the Order by the Emperor Frederick II, after it was declared subject to the Pope in 1234.
		Outremer, "across the sea," means the states created and maintained by Crusaders and their descendants in the Middle East between 1098, during the First Crusade, and 1489, when Cyprus passed to Venice.
		At the death of Isabella, Philip II of Taranto, a son of Charles II was then able to set aside her second husband, Philip of Savoy, and her daughter, Matilda, and return Achaea to the Anjevians.
	www.friesian.com /outremer.htm (13900 words)

	FRANCIA
		The standard gold coin, the "dollar of the Middle Ages," had been the Roman solidus, which was minted without debasement from the days of Constantine until the reign of the Emperor Michael IV, in Constantinople, in the 11th century.
		With Charlemagne's coins, the denarius borrows its name from the silver coin of the early Empire, which had long been debased to nothing, while the obolus was originally a division of the Athenian drachma.
		The character, history, and values of these coins and their successors is examined elsewhere.
	www.friesian.org /francia.htm (13900 words)

	List of French monarchs biography .ms
		Most medieval historians would argue that the existence of France proper did not begin until the advent of the Capetian Dynasty in 987, or, at the very earliest, with the establishment of the Kingdom of Western Francia at the Treaty of Verdun in 843.
		Kings ruled in France from the Middle Ages to 1848.
		(Names of regents are included for convenience's sake, though they are of course not actually French monarchs.
	www.biography.ms /French_royalty.html (13900 words)

	L Albereta in Erbusco Franciacorta, Italy
		Wonderful and very quiet location in the middle of the francia corta county.
		Via Vittorio Emanuele 23, Erbusco Franciacorta, Italy IT Ancient villa refurbished in all its rooms with all modern facilities.
		Check For Room Availability At L Albereta, Erbusco Franciacorta, Italy
	www.lettingsdirectory.co.uk /hotel/l_albereta_erbusco_franciacorta.htm (13900 words)

	Francia Media: Lorraine & Burgundy
		When the Emperor Lothar I died in 855, his "middle kingdom" (Francia Media) was divided between his three sons: (1) Louis II received Italy and the Imperial crown, (2) Charles, Burgundy, and (3) Lothar II what was left, the area from Burgundy down to the North Sea.
		Albert II The modern identity of Belgium was forged in the revolt of the Netherlands against Spain.
		A German prince, Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, an uncle of Queen Victoria of England, married to a daughter of the new Bourgeois King of France, was brought in to create a monarchy, and, indeed, Belgium grew in its neutrality for the rest of the century.
	www.friesian.com /lorraine.htm (11703 words)

	Notes
		Lothair got empty title of Emperor, King of Italy and all the "middle kingdom" bounded around Schedlt, the upper Meuse, Saone and the Rhone on the west, the Rhone and Frisia on the east, the territories of Florence, Burgundy and what was later called Lothringa.
		Louis and Lothair got German and Gallic Francia and Burgundy
		When his father, Lothair died, he received Italy, his brother Charles received the newly founded Kingdom of provence centered around Arles, and brother, Lothair II received the "inchoate aggregate" being from Frisia to the Alps and from the Rhine to Scheldt, which became modern Lorraine.
	www.packrat-pro.com /lon.htm (1478 words)

	Italy
		This is a little awkward, since Savoy, now as Sardinia, remained a core territory of Francia and, most importantly, would go on to form the nucleus of a new Kingdom of Italy.
		When the male line failed (1708), right in the middle of the War of the Spanish Succession, the Emperor Joseph I took possession of Mantua, while Montferrat passed to his ally Savoy.
		The House of Savoy is continued under Kings of Italy.
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm (9545 words)

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In the News (Sun 20 Dec 09)