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Topic: Middle German

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	German Language - LoveToKnow 1911
		As the middle ages did not produce a German Schriftsprache or literary language in the modern sense of the word, which - as is undoubtedly the case in Modern German - might have influenced the spoken language (Umgangssprache), the history of the language in its earlier stages is a history of different dialects.
		In the Middle High German period, the first classical period of German poetry, the German language made great advances as a vehicle of literary expression; its power of expression was increased and it acquired a beauty of style hitherto unknown.
		German literary style underwent a similar rejuvenation, for we are on the threshold of the second classical period of German literature.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /German_Language (6830 words)

	German Literature - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is in itself a literary monument, a German classic, and the culmination and justification of that movement which had supplanted the medieval knight by the burgher and swept away Middle High German poetry.
		The German novel of the 17th century was, as has been already indicated, less hampered by Renaissance laws than other forms of literature, and although it was none the less at the mercy of foreign influence, that influence was more varied and manifold in its character.
		The literature of the middle of the century was not wanting in achievement, but there was nothing buoyant or youthful about it; most significant of all, the generation between 1848 and 1880 was either oblivious or indifferent to the good work and to the new and germinating ideas which it produced.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /German_Literature (14432 words)

	German Language - MSN Encarta
		German belongs to the Netherlandic-German group within the western branch of the Germanic languages, a subfamily of the Indo-European languages.
		Another characteristic of German, as well as of all the Germanic languages, is that the principal accent falls regularly upon the first syllable of a word; in verbal combinations, however, the root syllable, not the prefix, is stressed.
		German is an inflected language, with three genders, four cases, and a strong and weak declension of qualifying adjectives.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567950/German_Language.html (624 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: German Literature
		During the ninth and tenth centuries German poetry fell into neglect; at the courts of the Saxon (919-1024) and Franconian emperors (1024-1125) and in the monasteries the Latin language was almost exclusively cultivated, and thus a body of Latin poetry arose, of which the tenth-century "Waltharius" (Waltharilied) of Ekkehard, a monk of St. Gall (d.
		Its effect on the German language was enormous; the dialect in which it is written, a Middle German dialect used in the chancery of Upper Saxony, became gradually the norm for both Protestant and Catholic writers, and is thus the basis of the modern literary German.
		Towards the middle of the sixteenth century, the Counter-Reformation set in, and regained much of the ground lost to Protestantism, which had now spent itself as a vital force and was divided by the dissensions between Lutherans and Calvinists.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06517a.htm (12344 words)

	German
		German belongs to the Western group of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.
		The German dialects spoken in colonies founded by German-speaking people were based on the regional dialects spoken by the original colonists, e.g., Pennsylvania German (erroneously called Dutch instead of Deutsch) is based on the dialects of the Palatinate region of Germany.
		German is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/German.html (1594 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| German woman 'kidnapped in Iraq'
		A picture believed to show Osthoff and her driver, issued by ARD TV A German woman and her driver are believed to have been kidnapped in Iraq, and Berlin has set up a special team to secure her safe return.
		German TV station ARD says it has a video showing the woman and her driver, with kidnappers demanding Germany cut ties with the Iraqi government.
		German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier is visiting the US and is scheduled to meet Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on Tuesday.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/4480480.stm (361 words)

	middle high german\introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		German is divided geographically into two large groups of dialects, traditionally called High German (Hochdeutsch) and Low German (Niederdeutsch).
		The Middle High German period from 1050 to about 1500, but the Blütezeit is approximately from 1200 to 1240.
		Dialectically, the MHG language is divided into: 1) Upper German (Oberdeutsch) comprising Alemannic and Bavarian-Austrian; and, 2) Central German (Mitteldeutsch), comprising the Franconian (Fränkisch) dialects and East Central German (Ostmitteldeutsch).
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/hasty/resources/INTRODUC.HTM (382 words)

	A Short History Of The German Language
		The Low German areas are said to speak a variety of German because they belong to Germany, and because they have adopted High German as their standard language gradually since the 15th century.
		In the 19th century, interest in the German language shifted towards its purification by eliminating unnecessary foreign words, an endeavour during which many useful words of today's German language were coined, whereas the attempt to replace well-established loanwords by inventing awkward "German" circumlocutions for them rightly failed.
		The effect is, however, that North German language is often nearer to the standard (because it does not so easily mix with the dialect, and because of Siebs's preference of Northern pronunciation), and we observe a tendency that Northern regionalisms are often regarded as "more standard" than Southern ones.
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /~hr/lang/dt-hist.html (3469 words)

	German Language - Speaking German in Austria, Germany - High German, Low German, Middle German
		Low German (used all regions north of Benrath line) did not take part in the second vowel change in 7th and 8th century A.D. The second vowel change affected esp. German consonants (plosives and occlusives) p, t and k which were transformed to pf/f, ts/s and ch.
		German as used in Southern Germany and Austria is very melodious and pleasant to the ear.
		It is a correct and pure form of German that is melodious and pleasant to the ear.
	www.aboutaustria.org /german_language_2.htm (505 words)

	German varieties, German dialects, standard German, High German, Middle German, Low German
		With more than 120 million people speaking German in 8 countries around the world, it is hardly surprising that the actual usage of the German language varies.
		The relation between the vernacular 'Switzertütsch' and standard German is one of diglossia.
		Historically and linguistically, standard German is a mixture of Middle German and High German (i.e.
	www.deutsch-lernen.com /learn-german-online/german_language.htm (309 words)

	DIALECTS AND HIGH GERMAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Middle German participated to a somewhat lesser degree: a Frankfurter likes his "äppelwoi" (Apple wine), not "Apfelwei(n)." The line separating Upper and Middle German is also referred to as the "Appel/Apfel" line.
		The state of German's dialects was the topic of discussion among the more than 500 linguists from 26 nations who turned out recently (March 12-14) for the Institute for the German Language's annual meeting, held this year in Mannheim (Baden-Württemberg).
		Even among intellectuals and members of the urban middle class, he observes, there is a noticeable trend toward making use of dialects for the "earthy" flavor it imparts to language.
	www.serve.com /shea/germusa/dialects.htm (1186 words)

	DD-Translations, German Language
		What pleases very much is the fact that German is spreading over foreign countries through workers or students who originally stayed in Germany and returned later to their home country.
		In the EC countries most of the learners of German can be found in France, the Netherlands and Italy and in the Eastern countries there are most of all Poland, Czechia and Hungary who make a lot of efforts for the German language.
		German is a language full of expressiveness with an immense stock of apt words and idiomatic expressions.
	www.lau-net.de /d.dimmel/german.htm (717 words)

	Robb: German English Words germanenglishwords.com
		Yiddish is a High German language written in Hebrew characters that is spoken by Jews and descendants of Jews of central and eastern European origin.
		Another source of German words in the English language are the Pennsylvania Dutch, who are comprised of several groups of German emigrants who came from the lower Rhine provinces, Bavaria, and Saxony.
		And according to h2g2: "The first permanent settlement of Germans in America was founded in 1683, just outside Philadelphia." So the date given in Encarta is probably a typo.
	germanenglishwords.com (795 words)

	A. Classen: The German Middle Ages
		Castorp proves to be a highly attentive and open-minded student, but he irritates both his teachers because he refuses to take sides and tends to agree with both of them in specific areas, especially as both are striving for a human utopia through their reliance on past thinkers from their respective cultural periods (Blaw).
		In fact, in each case when the authors turn to the Middle Ages or the Baroque period, they obviously gain crucial inspiration to let their protagonists develop innovative perspectives and grow beyond the limits imposed on them by their social background, institutional frameworks, and their traditional life style.
		from the German by Eithne Wilkins and Ernst Kaiser.
	rmmla.wsu.edu /ereview/55.2/articles/classen.asp (4007 words)

	German Language - Speaking German in Austria, Germany - High German, Low German, Middle German
		Standard German did not develop out of one regional dialect but was artificially created by poets, philosophers and scholars.
		The German as used in Austria strongly resembles the German as used in Southern Germany.
		Middle German (Central Germany) and High German (Southern Germany, Bavaria and Austria) strongly resemble each other and have been the foundation of standard German.
	www.aboutaustria.org /german_language.htm (302 words)

	Middle High German - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Middle High German (MHG, German Mittelhochdeutsch) is the term used for the period in the history of the German language between 1050 and 1350.
		This process started in the 11th century, and all the East Central German dialects are a result of this expansion.
		From the prologue of Hartmann von Aue's Iwein (circa 1200)
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Middle_High_German (828 words)

	German Genealogy: Dialects
		Bavarian is divided into South, Middle, and High Bavarian, where the broad plains on the Isar and Danube rivers connect Upper and Lower Bavaria with the main parts of Upper and Lower Austria to the central territories of the largest German dialectal region of Middle Bavarian.
		Middle German divides into West Middle German, with Rhine Franconian, to which Hessian belongs, and East Middle German, with Thuringian, Upper Saxon, Lausitzian, and formerly also Silesian.
		North Frisian is spoken on the Hallig islands and the neighboring strip of mainland on the western coast of southern Jutland and Schleswig, with elements of Danish and Low German mixed in.
	www.genealogienetz.de /misc/dialect-e.html (1405 words)

	Middle High German Period (1050-1300)
		During the Middle High German period, some of the highest quality literature was produced to date, especially during the Golden Age (1180-1220).
		The Minnesang was "the German tradition of courtly lyric and secular monophony that flourished in the 12th to the 14th centuries.
		The Middle High German Period also saw the rise of the epic.
	www.usd.edu /~Eric.J.Mosterd/deutsch/literatur/projekt/middle-high.html (296 words)

	German SMEs target the Middle East \| German Trade Review
		When the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK) in the West German city of Bielefeld invited predominantly small and medium-size companies to discuss business in the Gulf region, considering the present political situation, one might have expected a somewhat muted interest.
		With the process of political and commercial re-thinking underway in the Arab world after September 11th, the Germans are fortunate not to have a colonial past and seem to be more popular in the region than some other countries.
		The participants from all branches of German industry were able to take home very detailed counselling on how to set up an LLC, PJSC or branch office in the Gulf and avoid the contractual pitfalls in the new market.
	www.ameinfo.com /16631.html (666 words)

	Middle High German Verbs by Scott Shay (Book) in
		Middle High German Verbs presents an in-depth look at Middle High German (MHG) verbs, with tables of the most common verbs, fully conjugated.
		MHG was the language of the great literary works of the Middle Ages in the German speaking world, including Iwein, Parzival, Tristan, Minnelieder, Nibelungenlied, and Gudrun.
		It presents 340 of the most common verbs that exhibit some type of irregularity; each verb has its own page with translations, principle parts, and full conjugation for all appropriate numbers, persons, tenses, and moods.
	www.lulu.com /content/233273 (237 words)

	40
		With them German literature may be said to join the mainstream of European literature in the Middle Ages that derived its materials and style largely from classical and French sources.
		The German contributions remained distinct in their treat-ment and often produced the best example of a particular type, but they are dependent on Romance impulses.
		There were extant at this time a large number of narrative works whose main stress was on action and exotic adventure and whose central theme was very often the winning of a bride for a nobleman against the opposition of her father.
	www.nd.edu /~gantho/anth1-163/EMHG40-49.html (2094 words)

	Some Early Middle High German Bynames
		I have tried to be sure that all citations are from the High German dialects.
		The majority are from the Upper German dialect areas, Alemannic in the southwest and Bavarian in the southeast, though some are Middle German.
		A few of these are preceded by an asterisk; this indicates that I did not find the actual word in any available MHG references but that I am confident that it is properly constructed from attested MHG elements.
	www.sca.org /heraldry/laurel/names/Early_German_Bynames.html (2136 words)

	German Language - Speaking German in Germany - High German, Low German, Middle German
		German Language - Speaking German in Germany - High German, Low German, Middle German
		Learn German in Germany's major cities: Bamberg
		At ActiLingua Academy in Vienna you learn standard German according to a recognized curriculum.
	www.about-germany.org /life/german_language.htm (314 words)

	Etymology of Bevensee, Bebensee, Beuensehe, Beuensee
		Germanic Languages - University of Massachusetts at Amherst]
		A Middle High German Primer, by Joseph Wright; Third edition; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1917
		1400, "a collection of 165 poems written in Middle High and Middle Middle German (adapted to a northern variety); in Lower Rhenish (Cologne); in Middle Dutch (Flemish, Brabantic, Limburgic, and Hollandic) and in a peculiar German/Dutch or Dutch/German linguistic mixture."
	www.frontiernet.net /~ioannes1/Etymology (230 words)

	Verbix -- Germanic languages: conjugate Middle High-German verbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Verbix -- Germanic languages: conjugate Middle High-German verbs
		Middle High-German is the predecessor of modern German.It is a Germanic language, that was spoken ca.
		Many special characters are used for denoting the Middle High German vowels.
	www.verbix.com /languages/middlehighgerman.shtml (44 words)

	Middle High German Pronunciation
		when it occurs before t, it is like ch in modern German (e.g.
		MHG suht is pronounced like modern German sucht)
		Middle High German is based on Southern German dialects and is close in melody and tone
	www.nd.edu /~kchriste/courses/420nd/mhg_pronunciation.html (114 words)

	Find in a Library: Middle High German courtly reader
		Subjects: German language -- Middle High German, 1050-1500 -- Readers.
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/oclc/603660 (54 words)

	Medieval Studies Program Library Resources
		MHGCD is the result of a close co-operation between the long-standing projects Names in Medieval German Literary Texts (University of Kiel: Dr.Horst P. Pütz) and The Conceptual Dictionary of Medieval German Literature (Bowling Green State University: Prof.
		Women and written culture in the Middle Ages
		A Companion to Middle High German Literature to the 14th Century.
	www.library.uiuc.edu /mdx/medstud/german.htm (126 words)

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