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Topic: Middle High German

	Middle High German - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Middle High German (MHG, German Mittelhochdeutsch) is the term used for the period in the history of the German language between 1050 and 1350.
		It is probable that the short high and mid vowels are lower than their long equivalents, as in Modern German, but this is impossible to establish from the written sources.
		From the prologue of Hartmann von Aue's Iwein (circa 1200)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_High_German (727 words)

	German language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		German is spoken primarily in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, in two-thirds of Switzerland, in two-thirds of the South Tyrol province of Italy (in German, Südtirol), in the small East Cantons of Belgium, and in some border villages of the South Jutland County (in German, Nordschleswig, in Danish, Sønderjylland) of Denmark.
		The earliest testimonies of Old High German are from scattered Elder Futhark inscriptions, especially in Alemannic, from the 6th century, the earliest glosses (Abrogans) date to the 8th and the oldest coherent texts (the Hildebrandslied, the Muspilli and the Merseburg Incantations) to the 9th century.
		German is a member of the western branch of the Germanic family of languages, which in turn is part of the Indo-European language family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_language (4466 words)

	German Literature - MSN Encarta
		Lyric poetry during the Middle High German period developed in the form of the Minnesang, or courtly lyric, composed by the lyric poets known as minnesingers.
		The rise of the middle class in the 14th and 15th centuries and the struggles of the peasants against the nobility culminated in the great 16th-century religious revolution known as the Reformation.
		This movement was reflected in literature, especially by Martin Luther, whose translation of the Bible established New High German as the literary language of Germany.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555778/German_Literature.html (1239 words)

	GERMAN LITERATURE - LoveToKnow Article on GERMAN LITERATURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Middle High German Period, from the middle of the 11th to the middle of the 14th century.
		It is in itself a literary monument, a German classic, and the culmination and justification of that movement which had supplanted the medieval knight by the burgher and swept away Middle High German poetry.
		The literature of the middle of the century was not wanting in achievement, but there was nothing buoyant or youthful about it; most significant of all, the generation between 1848 and 1880 was either oblivious or indifferent to the good work and to the new and germinating ideas which it produced.
	59.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GERMAN_LITERATURE.htm (17145 words)

	middle high german\introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		German is divided geographically into two large groups of dialects, traditionally called High German (Hochdeutsch) and Low German (Niederdeutsch).
		Magdeburg, Wittenberg and Lübben (northwest of Cottbus), one may demarcate approximately the boundary to the north of which Low German and to the south of which High German are designated.
		Dialectically, the MHG language is divided into: 1) Upper German (Oberdeutsch) comprising Alemannic and Bavarian-Austrian; and, 2) Central German (Mitteldeutsch), comprising the Franconian (Fränkisch) dialects and East Central German (Ostmitteldeutsch).
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/hasty/resources/INTRODUC.HTM (382 words)

	Old High German - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The main difference between Old High German and the West Germanic dialects from which it developed is that it underwent the Second Sound Shift or High German consonant shift.
		But because the direct evidence for Old High German consists solely of manuscripts produced in a few major ecclesiastical centres, there is no isogloss information of the sort on which modern dialect maps are based.
		The earliest OHG text is generally taken to be the Abrogans, a Latin-Old High German glossary variously dated between 750 and 780, probably from Reichenau.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_High_German (1084 words)

	Middle High German: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Middle High German is an ancestor of the modern German language[For more, click on this link], EHandler: no quick summary.
		Early new high german, or early modern german, is the direct ancestor of the modern german language, and was spoken from 1350 to 1750....
		West middle german is a high german dialect family in the german language....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mi/middle_high_german.htm (561 words)

	Articles - High Middle Ages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The High Middle Ages was the period of European history in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (1000â€“1300 CE).
		The High Middle Ages saw the height and decline of the Slavic state of Kievan Rus´ and the emergence of Poland.
		The surviving music of the High Middle Ages is primarily religious in nature, since music notation developed in religious institutions, and application of notation to secular music was a later development.
	www.knifesharp.net /articles/High_Middle_Ages (3055 words)

	German Verb Classes
		German vocabulary in general, and the verbs in particular, have undergone several different types of vowel alternations which have changed the look and sound of the language.
		Mutations, at least as regards the German verbal system, are defined by Keller as "modifications of a stressed vowel under the influence of another vowel in a subsequent syllable." [2] This change is rather straightforward and leads to the differences in such verbs as stechen -- sticht, graben -- gräbt, and even voll -- füllen.
		The strong verb classes seem to have undergone no major changes in the period from OHG to MHG, except for a "coalescence in class VII in consequence of a phonological change." [20] There was regional variation in regard to phonology and grammar, but in general the strong verbs remained quite regular.
	www.nthuleen.com /papers/130paperprint.html (2427 words)

	THE MIDDLE HIGH GERMAN - Online Information article about THE MIDDLE HIGH GERMAN
		The tendency to a change in the opposite direction, namely, the narrowing of diphthongs to monophthongs, is to be noticed in Middle German dialects, i.e.
		It might be mentioned that, in Modern High German,these new diphthongs are neither in spelling nor in educated pronunciation distinguished from the older ones.
		We have thus a right to speak, if not of a Middle High German literary language in the widest sense of the word, at least of a Middle High German Dichtersprache or poetic language, on an Alemannic-Franconian basis.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TAV_THE/THE_MIDDLE_HIGH_GERMAN.html (1556 words)

	German language, alphabets and pronunciation
		German is a Germanic language with about 121 million speakers in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Lichtenstein, Belgium, Italy, France, Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Australia, South Africa and Namibia.
		High German began to emerge as the standard literary language during the 16th century.
		It was taught in German schools from 1915 to 1941 and is still used by the older generation.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/german.htm (827 words)

	UNL DMLL: German Graduate Program: Description of Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The 400/800 courses draw students from a wide variety of backgrounds and graduates and undergraduates in these courses have different assignments and are graded on a different basis.
		Undergraduates do take 400-level courses as part of their German major and are encouraged to participate fully in the discussions.
		Historical, phonological and morphological relationships in the German dialects of the period.
	www.unl.edu /modlang/content/grads/german/gcourseg.htm (1067 words)

	Geneology
		German: habitational name from a house distinguished by the sign of a gryphon, Middle High German grif(e) (Old High German grif(o), from Late Latin gryphus, Greek gryps, of Assyrian origin).
		German: nickname for a grasping man, the gryphon in folk etymology having come to be associated with Middle High German grifen ‘to grasp or snatch’.
		In ancient and medieval Germanic society, the younger children of kings and princes were sometimes sent to be brought up at the court of a neighboring ruler, as a pledge of peace between the two nations or clans.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~dunruh/Genealogy.html (555 words)

	A Short History Of The German Language
		Of the languages related to High German, that is, languages that have undergone the Second Sound Shift at least partially, there is only one besides German which has such a status: Luxemburgish (Lëtzebuergesch) is an official language in Luxemburg along with both French and German.
		The Low German areas are said to speak a variety of German because they belong to Germany, and because they have adopted High German as their standard language gradually since the 15th century.
		Middle High German was the language of the minstrels.
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /~hr/lang/dt-hist.html (3469 words)

	Some Early Middle High German Bynames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The majority are from the Upper German dialect areas, Alemannic in the southwest and Bavarian in the southeast, though some are Middle German.
		Note that normalized MHG includes some editorial diacritical marks: long vowels are indicated by a circumflex, and a variety of with a particular historical origin is indicated with a diaresis.
		Hadrarius: Apparently a Latinization of MHG *haderære, a nomina agentis from the verb hadern ‘to argue, to quarrel, to squabble; to tease (between lovers)’.
	www.s-gabriel.org /names/talan/Early_German_Bynames.html (2099 words)

	Maps of Indo-European Languages-High German (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		High German's linguistic development is divided into Modern High German (1500 CE to present day), Middle High German (1100-1500 CE), and Old High German (before 1100).
		Old High German in turn came from the West Germanic sub-branch of the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages.
		Yiddish is a recent branch of High German spoken by Europeanized Jews; it borrows heavily from Hebrew vocabulary.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/IE_Centum_High_German.html (189 words)

	1. The Runic Mysteries
		It still survives today in the German "raunen," which came down from the Middle High German "rounen" and the Old and Middle High German "runen." While these all mean whisper, in Middle High German it could also mean slander and we get the idea of gossipy whispers behind the backs of others.
		Old High German also had "runizen" or "runezen," meaning to speak, whisper or grumble, as well as "runezon," meaning simply to grumble.
		The word was used by the early Germanic people themselves, as well as by the Romans, when referring to that script.
	www.panikon.com /phurba/articles/lang/runic.html (1446 words)

	German varieties, German dialects, standard German, High German, Middle German, Low German
		With more than 120 million people speaking German in 8 countries of the world, it is hardly surprising that the actual usage of German language varies.
		The relation between the vernacular 'Switzertütsch' and standard German is one of diglossia.
		Historically and linguistically, standard German is a mixture of Middle German and High German (i.e.
	www.deutsch-lernen.com /learn-german-online/german_language.htm (303 words)

	Research Collections: German Studies Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The German studies collection supports undergraduate study of German language and literature, with additional support for research by faculty of the German Studies Department.
		German materials are collected in the original language.
		Germanic materials in languages other than German are collected selectively, as are literary works in English translation.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/ulib/port/protof/coll-germ.html (681 words)

	AllRefer.com - German literature : Old and Middle High German: From Early to Medieval Literature (German Literature) - ...
		The succeeding period of Middle High German (12th–14th cent.) is characterized by chivalric poetry, such as the songs and lyrics of the minnesingers on courtly love and other subjects.
		A gradual decline of chivalric poetry is evident in the works of Ulrich von Lichtenstein, and the rise of the urban literary traditions is seen in such epics as Wernher der Gartenaere's Meier Helmbrecht (c.1250).
		The Protestant Reformation, High German, and Literary Academies: The Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Germanli-old-and-middle-high-german-from-early-to-medieval-literature.html (333 words)

	Notes on Surnames in German Names from Kosice, 1300 - 1500 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dorrholtz: This appears to be from Middle High German dürre 'lean, gaunt' (Low and Middle German dörr) and Holz 'wood; a wood'.
		Tockler: Probably from Middle High German tockeler 'pillar, column', for someone who is stiff and upright, either literally or figuratively; possibly from Swabian dockelen 'to work halfheartedly, to dawdle'.
		The second element, -feer, may be from Middle High German ver(e) 'boatman, ferryman', though the sense of such a compound isn't entirely clear.
	www.s-gabriel.org /names/talan/kosice (488 words)

	Middle Ages: The High Middle Ages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As Europe entered the period known as the High Middle Ages, the church became the universal and unifying institution.
		Heretics and Scholars in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1200.
		Study: Being Active in Middle Age May Prevent Early Death, Especially If Your Heart Risk Is High; Regular Light to Vigorous Exercise Is Important for Everyone in Their 50s and 60s, Especially Those With Many Heart Risks.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0859627.html (348 words)

	Middle High German Period (1050-1300) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During the Middle High German period, some of the highest quality literature was produced to date, especially during the Golden Age (1180-1220).
		The Minnesang was "the German tradition of courtly lyric and secular monophony that flourished in the 12th to the 14th centuries.
		The Middle High German Period also saw the rise of the epic.
	www.usd.edu /eric/deutsch/literatur/projekt/middle-high.html (296 words)

	middle high german\chapter2
		The strong nouns are further traditionally identified in many grammars and dictionaries according to their historical stem vowel which has disappeared by the MHG period, all such differences having become unstressed -e.
		Note this well, for you will often be tempted to translate the plural by the singular because of modern German.
		This is the modern German word "die Sitte." (Notice the gender change!) Do not confuse nouns in this group with weak nouns or feminine nouns.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/hasty/resources/CHAPTER2.HTM (899 words)

	129-511 Middle High German Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This seminar course will acquaint students with the German courtly literature of the 12th and 13th century, its concepts, concerns and its sociology.
		The knightly romances of Hartmann von Aue (Erec), Wolfram von Eschenbach (Parzival), Gottfried von Straßburg (Tristan), and the heroic epic (Nibelungenlied) will be read and discussed in class, Hartmann's Erec in the original MHG language as well as in translation, to give students a basic acquaintaince with the Middle High German literary language.
		Oral presentations and papers are to be in German.
	www.arts.mcgill.ca /programs/German/129-511.html (130 words)

	German English: G (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ganzfeld, German for 'whole field,' refers to the boundless void in which I seem to be afloat." Kenneth Miller, "Phychics: Science or Séance?" Life, June 1998.
		Exploring Psi in the Ganzfeld, by Carl Sargent, 1980.
		< German glitzern "to glitter" < Middle High German glitzen "to glitter"].
	germanenglishwords.com /rlgg.htm (2480 words)

	Graduate Record, Chapter 5: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
		Study of German storm and stress and classicism, focusing on Goethe and Schiller.
		Study of the development of the concepts of “education” and “evolution,” and the predominance of aesthetics in German culture.
		Study of the aesthetics and semiotics of German film, with a focus on expressionism and New German Cinema.
	www.virginia.edu /registrar/records/98gradrec/chapter5/gchap5-7.22a.html (536 words)

	GER 4050 - Quiz 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There were two "waves" of German mysticism in the Middle Ages.
		Final "e" in MHG retains some of the quality of a true "e" (as opposed to a schwa).
		Some (not all) of the "h" sounds in OHL and MHG are fricatives (ch).
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~tphillip/fonetix/ger4050quiz04.html (352 words)

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