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	Egypt Kingdom \| Ancient Kingdom \| Pharaohs Kingdom \| Old Kingdom Egypt \| Egypt Middle Kingdom \| Pharaohs Lost Kingdom
		Egypt was the home of one of the world's first great civilizations.
		The Kingdom of Upper Egypt was established in the Nile Valley, and the Kingdom of Lower Egypt was centered in the Delta.
		Ramses assembled the biggest army Egypt had ever seen, but was lucky to avoid a shattering defeat at the hands of the Hittites, a mixed group of people whose capital was in central Turkey.
	www.egyptattraction.com /egypt-kingdom.html (1406 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Middle Kingdom of Egypt
		The Middle Kingdom is a period in the history of ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty, roughly between 2030 BC and 1640 BC.
		The New Kingdom is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BCE and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt.
		He was deified at the end of the Middle Kingdom and worshipped by the pharaohs of the New Kingdom.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Middle-Kingdom-of-Egypt (3543 words)

	Ancient Egypt - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It was concentrated along the middle to lower reaches of the Nile River reaching its greatest extension during the second millennium BCE, which is referred to as the New Kingdom period.
		Motivating and organising these activities were a socio-political and economic elite that achieved social consensus by means of an elaborate system of religious belief under the figure of a (semi)-divine ruler (usually male) from a succession of ruling dynasties and which related to the larger world by means of polytheistic beliefs.
		Ancient Egypt's foreign contacts included Nubia and Punt to the south, the Aegean and ancient Greece to the north, the Levant and other regions in the Near East to the east, and also Libya to the west.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Ancient_Egypt (4432 words)

	Egypt :: Travel to Egypt :: Egypt Journey :: Egypt Travel Guide
		The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: ???, romanized Misr, in Egyptian Arabic Masr, listen (help·info)), is a republic in North Africa.
		Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km², Egypt shares land borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel and the Gaza Strip to the northeast and has coasts on the north and east by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, respectively.
		A unified kingdom was founded circa 3200 BC by King Narmer, and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia.
	goto-egypt.com (780 words)

	Eternal Egypt - Topics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After the Middle Kingdom, Egypt was ruled by a dynasty of Asiatic kings, known as the Hyksos.
		Egypt became a major military power and the New Kingdom characterized an aggressive nation rather than the defensive one it had been previously.
		At the beginning of the Ptolemaic reign in Egypt, the Ptolemies depended on Macedonians and Greeks to form their army, because most wars during that era were fought on water.
	www.eternalegypt.org /EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.topic.details&language_id=1&trait_item_id=10000213 (727 words)

	Egypt in the Middle Kingdom (2030–1640 B.C.) \| Thematic Essay \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ancient Egypt during the Middle Kingdom, with the capital at Thebes.
		At the end of Dynasty 11, the throne passed to a new family with the accession of Amenemhat I, who moved the capital north to Itj-tawy, near modern Lisht.
		Roehrig, Catharine H. "Egypt in the Middle Kingdom (2030–1640 B.C.)".
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/mking/hd_mking.htm (404 words)

	History of the Copts of Egypt
		Egypt's prosperity and civilization continued under the Pharaohs of the middle kingdom 2066-1650 B.C. Thebes emerged as the capital of Egypt.
		King Ahmose or Amosis defeated the last of the Hyksos, and initiated the 18th dynasty and the new kingdom 1550-1064 B.C. This is considered to be the golden era of ancient Egypt.
		Egypt was annexed as a province of the Roman Empire 30 B.C.- 641 A.D. The Greeks followed by the Romans, though they ruled Egypt, were admirers of the Egyptian civilization, knowledge and culture.
	www.copts.net /history.asp (4912 words)

	Egypt The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C. - Flags, Maps, Economy, ...
		These periods are known as "intermediate periods." The Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom together represent an important single phase in Egyptian political and cultural development.
		Thus, the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom may be considered together.
		The Middle Kingdom ended with the conquest of Egypt by the Hyksos, the so-called Shepherd Kings.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/egypt/egypt_history_the_old_kingdom_middle_kingdom_and_second_intermediate_period_2686_to_1552_bc.html (693 words)

	Coffin Text - Crystalinks
		By the end of Egypt's Middle Kingdom, the coffin texts were refined into the corpus of the Book of the Dead (Book of Coming Forth by Day), though we may continue to find the spells in burial chambers of the New Kingdom, Third Intermediate Period and early Late Period.
		This may explain why, during the Middle Kingdom, the scarab beetle, representing transformation, was one of the most popular amulets.
		Though not nearly as elaborate as later New Kingdom books of the netherworld, it was meant to depart to the deceased the necessary knowledge needed to navigate their way to the afterlife while avoiding the many dangers of their journey.
	www.crystalinks.com /coffintext.html (1984 words)

	Ethics of Ancient Egypt by Sanderson Beck
		In Egypt this was into two states, the lower Delta in the north heralded by a red crown and upper Egypt in the south symbolized by a lily plant and a white crown.
		Egypt 1085-323 BC The 21st Dynasty reigned from Tanis on the eastern Delta and lost control of Nubia.
		In the Middle Kingdom the hieroglyphics were written on the coffins of those who could afford them, and by 1600 BC they were written on rolls of papyrus and could be purchased or written by even more people.
	www.san.beck.org /EC4-Egypt.html (15184 words)

	History of Ancient Egypt and Egyptian Pyramids
		The history of ancient Egypt proper starts with Egypt as a unified state, which occurred sometime around 3000 BC, though archaeological evidence indicates a developed Egyptian society may have existed for a much longer period.
		By 6000 BC ancient Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings.
		The pyramids of Egypt, some of which are among the largest man-made constructions ever conceived, constitute one of the most potent and enduring symbols of Ancient Egyptian civilization.
	www.joinafrica.com /countries1/Egypt/historyancientegypt.htm (587 words)

	Middle Kingdom of Egypt Encyclopedia Information @ AlienArtifacts.com (Alien Artifacts) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The period comprises two phases, the 11th Dynasty, which ruled from Thebes and the 12th Dynasty onwards which was centred around el-Lisht.
		Amenemhat III (1860 BC – 1815 BC) was the last great pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom.
		Middle Kingdom of Egypt definition - The Middle Kingdom is a period in the history of ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty, roughly between 1986 BC and
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt (1293 words)

	Ancient Egypt at AllExperts
		Middle Egyptian (2000–1300 BC):Often dubbed Classical Egyptian, this stage is known from a variety of textual evidence in hieroglyphic and hieratic scripts dated from about the Middle* Kingdom.
		The Egyptian religions, embodied in Egyptian mythology, were a succession of beliefs held by the people of Egypt, as early as predynastic times and all the way until the coming of Christianity and Islam in the Graeco-Roman era.
		One of the most profound discoveries of recent years would be that the ancient "tet" or "djed" has been experimentally identified as a battery by some of the most repected archaeologists and scientists in the field, attributing to their technological brilliance.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/an/ancient_egypt.htm (3915 words)

	The Middle Kingdom: 2040-1640 BC
		As the kings of Egypt slowly regained the authority of the monarchy, Egypt again grew in wealth and population.
		There was no such thing as naturalization in Ancient Egypt or the Middle East; no matter where you lived, you always belonged to your original tribe or nation.
		If you migrated to Egypt, you did not become an Egyptian, but became a "sojourner" or "foreigner." The life of a foreigner in Egypt and elsewhere occupied a range of possibilities: sometimes foreigners had fewer privileges and rights, but more often they were allowed to form their own communities with their own leaders and laws.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/EGYPT/MIDDLE.HTM (371 words)

	Accounting and redistribution: The palace and mortuary cult in the Middle Kingdom, ancient Egypt Accounting Historians ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In contrast, this paper seeks to examine the relationship between accounting practices and the functioning of some important sectors of the state-controlled economy in Middle Kingdom ancient Egypt.' My focus here will be upon the economic activities of the palace which, by the New Kingdom, became the most dominant sector in the economy.
		First, the current study charts accounting practices during the Middle Kingdom whereas the earlier study is concerned with the much later, and more contextually different, New Kingdom.
		Minted coins were not known in ancient Egypt until after the conquest by Alexander [Lloyd, 1983], and before then grain was one of the standard measures of value (money of account) for different commodities [Ezzamel and Hoskin, 2002].2 Hence, the economy of ancient Egypt has been systematically described as a "grain economy".
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3657/is_200206/ai_n9107467 (904 words)

	BBC - History - Ancient Egypt Timeline
		Egypt splits into two smaller states, ruled from Memphis in the north and Thebes in the south
		The margin of error rises from a decade or so in the 3rd Intermediate Period and New Kingdom to perhaps 150 years for the 1st Dynasty; dates for the 3rd millennium are given for whole dynasties and are rounded, as are numerous later dates.
		He is co-author with Jaromir Malek of Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt (2nd edition, 2000) and author of Fecundity figures: Egyptian personification and the iconology of a genre (reprinted 2001)
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/ancient/egyptians/timeline.shtml (238 words)

	The Archaeology of Egypt (Unification to the Middle Kingdom) - City University London (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Archaeology of Egypt (Unification to the Middle Kingdom)
		Drawing on the wealth of archaeological evidence from both the Nile Valley and neighbouring desert regions, this course traces the emergence of Egyptian civilisation and its development to the end of the Middle Kingdom.
		From Egypt’s first kings and queens to the Pyramid builders and beyond, we explore Ancient Egyptian lives by analysing the evidence for religious, mortuary and other cultural practices.
	www.city.ac.uk /ell/cfa/arts/egyptology/ce1665.html (93 words)

	[No title]
		Queen Hatshepsut is one of the rulers of the XVIII Dynasty.
		Akhenaton), concerned about abuses in the Osiris cult of Egypt, posits a new monotheistic religion, perhaps the first, dedicated to the worship of the sun.
		671 BCE: Egypt - Egypt is conquered by the Assyrians.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/egpage.htm (667 words)

	The Second Intermediate Period: 1640-1550 BC
		The large-scale immigration of foreigners into the Nile Valley during the Middle Kingdom eventually spelled the end of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt.
		Eventually, as their numbers increased, they threatened the power of the Egyptian monarchy itself and Egypt fell into disarray.
		In fact, it isn't fair to say that Egypt was under the control of a single monarch, but consisted largely of independent states under a variety of foreign kings.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/EGYPT/2ND.HTM (249 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - Middle Kingdom
		The 1st Intermediate Period came to an end in 2040 when 11th Dynasty king Mentuhotep II finally succeeded in overthrowing the Heracleopolitan kings of the 9th/10th Dynasty, thus reuniting Egypt after almost a century of chaos and civil war.
		Although Egypt did not show an interest in that region for a long time after Sesostris III, he waged the first military campaign against Syria-Palestine, most likely to punish some nomad raiders who had tried to enter the country.
		With the country divided, the Middle Kingdom came to an end.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /history/11_12 (595 words)

	The Middle Kingdom of Egypt
		The XII Dynasty, the height of the Middle Kingdom, is one of the classic periods of Egyptian history.
		And while the kings did expand Egypt up the Nile, building forts deep into Nubia, which added the most durable conquests of all to Egyptian territory, there were none of the expeditions into Palestine or Syria and spectacular battles by which the XVIII and XIX Dynasties were distinguished.
		We also have the earliest surviving secular Egyptian literature from the Middle Kingdom, as the language of the period, Middle Egyptian, became the literary language for the rest of Egyptian history.
	www.friesian.com /notes/midking.htm (3315 words)

	Egypt Tours, Egyptian Tours, Nile Cruise, Egypt Vacation, Nile tour
		Great Egypt tours are featuring Cairo, the capital of Egypt, The wild Sahara safari tours in Sinai the land where Moses walked his people through for forty years and where he received the ten commends on the St. Catharine mountain.
		Egypt also features tours to Luxor the biggest open museum in the world Between Luxor and Aswan the capital of the south you can cruise the Nile in breath taken views of the country side.
		Culture Minister Farouk Hosni approved the travel of an antiquities team to Japan to inaugurate the Egyptian monuments exhibition to be staged in the museum of the University of Wasida, in the City of Sengoku on July 31, 2007 to last till September 9.
	www.goegypt.org (497 words)

	Middle Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Middle Kingdom is considered to have started with Nebhepetre Mentuhotep I uniting all of Egypt.
		However, expeditions were sent during some phases of the Middle Kingdom to push the borders of Egypt outward.
		It is believed to have occurred when the 14th Dynasty took control of the western Delta and the 15th Dynasty took control of the eastern Delta.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/periods/middle_kingdom.html (363 words)

	Projectile Type Weapons of Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the Old and Middle Kingdom of Egypt's Dynastic period, it typically consisted of a pointed blade made of copper or flint that was attached to a long wooden shaft by a tang.
		During the New Kingdom it was often an auxiliary weapon of the charioteers, who were thus not left unarmed after spending all their arrows.
		The simpler bows were used by the built of the archers, while the available composite bows went first to the chariotry, where their penetrative power was necessary to pierce scale armor.
	touregypt.net /featurestories/projectileweapons.htm (1510 words)

	Internet African History Sourcebook
		Vanished Kingdoms of the Nile: The Rediscovery of Ancient Nubia [At OI-Chicago]
		Written by a Greek resident of Alexandria in Egypt during the first century BCE, this text is one of the oldest surviving accounts of the countries on Africa's east coast.
		Egypt under the Roman Empire, excerpts from Strabo, Geography and Oxyrhynchus papyri.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/africa/africasbook.html (4329 words)

	Egypt: Kahun, Middle Kingdom Workers' Village (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Beautiful Middle Kingdom period jewelry was found south of the pyramid, in the tomb of Princess Sithathor-iunet.
		Mastabas and graves dating from the Middle Kingdom through to Roman times lie in the neighborhood of this pyramid.
		The first, is the acropolis, perhaps intended for the king himself, the second, the east quarter, with large mansions centered around a court, and consisting of as many as 70 or 80 rooms, the west quarter of smaller uniform dwellings each with 4 to 12 rooms.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/kahun.htm (1245 words)

	Middle Kingdom Egypt - History for Kids!
		The Middle Kingdom was formed after a series of wars between the rulers of Upper Egypt (the South) and Lower Egypt (the North).
		The rulers of Upper Egypt won, and they reunified the country about 2000 BC, with the capital first at Thebes in the south, and then at a new city just south of Memphis.
		They show themselves as taking care of their people, instead of as god-kings as in the Old Kingdom.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/egypt/history/middlekingdom.htm (277 words)

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