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Topic: Middle Passage

	Middle Passage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Middle Passage was the leg of the Atlantic slave trade that transported slaves from Africa to slave markets in North America, South America and the Caribbean.
		Due to this design, the conditions aboard ships running the Middle Passage with slaves were poor with practically nonexistent sanitation facilities as the ships were not designed for the transport of several hundred people.
		Disease and starvation due to the length of the passage were the main contributors to the death toll with amoebic dysentery and scurvy causing the majority of deaths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_Passage (504 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Middle Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Evident in "Middle Passage" are the techniques T. Eliot used in "The Wasteland" and the influence of Hart Crane's vision of crucifixion and resurrection, horror and squalor out of which radiates hope and light.
		The dramatic structure of "Middle Passage" places Cinquez parallel to The Guinea Rose and King Anthracite as recipients of the actions of the Europeans, who are the poem's prime agents until the entrance of Cinquez; moreover, we also see Cinquez in a speech that attempts to reassert action upon him.
		The conceptual fault in "Middle Passage" is that Hayden overlooked the fact that The Waste Land and The Cantos achieve their synthesis by assuming, in the final analysis, a superhistorical stance expressive of spiritual wholeness and a transcendence of the dualities and tautologies within which Hayden's poem remains marooned.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Middle-Passage (1362 words)

	On "Middle Passage"
		Thus, in effect, God does not exist in "Middle Passage." When the poem is compared with traditional epics, this omission is notable because the presence of God or gods in such poems has often verified the favored status of the central character or epic hero.
		In "Middle Passage" he treats the origin of the slave trade in Africa as it relates to the devlopment of the new ethnic group—the Afro-American.
		The painstaking revisions of "Middle Passage" from 1945 to 1966 produced a poem that won the acclaim of eminent critics and fellow-poets.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/g_l/hayden/middle.htm (5677 words)

	Middle Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Middle Passage was one leg of the slave trade - that is the one transporting from Africa to North America South America and the Caribbean.
		It was called the Middle Passage the slave trade was a triangular system the boats left Europe went to Africa then to America then returned to Europe.
		While teaching the 6 traits of writing to middle school students, I was given The Middle Passage to use as an example of a book with strong voice.
	www.freeglossary.com /Middle_Passage (422 words)

	Definition of Middle Passage
		The Middle Passage was the leg of the Atlantic slave trade that transported people from Africa to North America, South America and the Caribbean.
		It was called the Middle Passage as the slave trade was a form of Triangular trade; boats left Europe, went to Africa, then to America, and then returned to Europe.
		Diseases, starvation, and the length of passage were the main contributors to the death toll.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Middle_Passage (464 words)

	CD Baby: MALACHI: Middle Passage
		Middle Passage reveals the best that reggae has to offer: the erotic charms of Jungle Fever, prophetic warnings of Pocomania Politics and the social concerns of Blue Morning.
		Middle Passage solidifies Malachi’s stature as one of the preeminent dub poets of our generation.
		Through Middle Passage he has captured the heart and soul of the struggles in life whether its politics with his timely questioning of Mr.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/malachimusic (841 words)

	Africans in America/Part 1/The Middle Passage
		Out of the roughly 20 million who were taken from their homes and sold into slavery, half didn't complete the journey to the African coast, most of those dying along the way.
		The captives were about to embark on the infamous Middle Passage, so called because it was the middle leg of a three-part voyage -- a voyage that began and ended in Europe.
		Africans who had made the Middle Passage to the plantations of the New World did not return to their homeland to tell what happened to those people who suddenly disappeared.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part1/1p277.html (625 words)

	United States To Receive First On-Land Middle Passage Monument
		Plans are to unveil the U.S. monument on July 3, 2000, exactly one year after the original Middle Passage Monument was lowered onto the door of the Atlantic Ocean, 427 kilometers off New York's harbor, facing Africa.
		"The purpose of the ocean monument is to serve as a gravestone on the world's largest graveyard, the Atlantic Ocean's infamous Middle Passage, where estimated millions of African people died en route to the transatlantic slave trade between the 15th and 19th centuries, their bones forming a trail from Africa to the Americas.
		The purpose of the on-land monuments is to encourage the global, collective healing from the slave trade and its aftermath of racism," said Wayne James.
	www.exodusnews.com /worldnews/world020.htm (539 words)

	The Middle Passage - Olaudah Equiano
		Equiano passage is between West Africa and the Caribbean island of Barbados, at that time a common voyage as the British plantation island was among the most easterly of the Caribbean islands.
		At last, when the ship we were in had got in all her cargo, they made ready with many fearful noises, and we were all put under deck, so that we could not see how they managed the vessel.
		During our passage I first saw flying fishes, which surprised me very much: they used frequently to fly across the ship, and many of them fell on the deck.
	www.brycchancarey.com /equiano/extract3.htm (732 words)

	African American Review: Interrogating identity: appropriation and transformation in 'Middle Passage.'
		Staging an inquiry into the nature of origin, experience, and meaning, Charles Johnson's Middle Passage scrutinizes the structures of identity and the role writing plays in the re-configuration of the self.
		Middle Passage confronts fundamental assumptions about human and literary identity and problematizes these assumptions by means of allusion and appropriation, which subvert - and, through subversion, re-vitalize - textual authority.
		Referencing Melville's sea-adventure, Homeric peregrination, Platonic parable, and Cartesian dualism, Middle Passage simultaneously and contradictorily acknowledges its debt to preceding Western writing and defines itself against it.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2838/is_n4_v29/ai_18173077 (394 words)

	dOc DVD Review: The Middle Passage (2000) - Printable
		The Middle Passage is many, many steps closer to a satisfying film treatment of this period in history than anything I have ever before witnessed.
		While not a dramatic film in the strictest sense of the word, this artistic and poetic project is an extraordinary achievement, honoring the lives lost during this dark time, as well as honoring the very notion of the will to fight against an oppression and win even a minor victory.
		Middle Passage is narrated by an anonymous, African voice (played by Djimon Hounsou), which tells the story of how Africans are taken from their homelands and then packed into slave ships for transport through the Middle Passage, the infamous "triangle trade" shipping route that traded spices, gems, and people.
	www.digitallyobsessed.com /showrevpdf.php3?ID=4497 (874 words)

	Middle Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Passage issues news stories and letters to print media to project the performance and achievement of its clients, it also advises them on public position to be taken in case of controversial issues.
		Birds of Passage is a story of survival as a crew of renegades and a cargo of 200 orphans (all girls) sail toward a brighter future.
		The Middle Georgia Archives is devoted to documenting the rich and interesting history of Middle Georgia, to preserving the region's historical records for the future, and to serving as a resource center for archival and manuscript collections in Middle Georgia.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Middle_Passage (1883 words)

	The Middle Passage - A Slave Ship Speaks: The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie. Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Estimates on the total number of Africans who were forced to undergo the Middle Passage generally range from 9 to 15 million.
		The mortality rate during the Middle Passage was high for slaves and crew alike, averaging between 13 and 33 percent.
		In addition to the physical discomforts of the Middle Passage, the enslaved Africans were under great emotional distress from being torn from their homeland and families.
	www.melfisher.org /henriettamarie/middlepassage.htm (935 words)

	Stephen Vincent: New Orleans = the new Middle Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The "Middle Passage" was the journey of slave trading ships from the west coast of Africa, where the slaves were obtained, across the Atlantic, where they were sold or, in some cases, traded for goods such as molasses, which was used in the making of rum.
		The Middle Passage was the longest, hardest, most dangerous, and also most horrific part of the journey of the slave ships.
		The current New Orleans' version of the Middle Passage, however, is done not to arrive in New Orleans to sell slaves, but to banish them.
	stephenvincent.durationpress.com /archives/001323.html (405 words)

	Africans in America \| Part 1 \| Narrative \| The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage
		The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage
		Just as horrifying as these death marches was the Middle Passage, as it was called -- the transport of slaves across the Atlantic.
		On the "middle" leg, ship captains such as John Newton (who later became a foe of slavery), loaded their then-empty holds with slaves and transported them to the Americas and the Caribbean.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part1/1narr4.html (765 words)

	CD Baby: MIDDLE PASSAGE: Diaspora
		The brainchild of electronic musician Eddie Mackel, "Middle Passage" is a collective of musicians and vocal artists who perform music conceived, written, arranged & produced by this super talented percussionist and synthesist!
		The name "Middle Passage" originated as a term given to the slave trade routes by slave ship captains.
		The reasons for naming the band "Middle Passage" and this first recording "Diaspora" are significant and culturally relevant.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/middlepassage?cdbaby=4553767c9802e9b3af3b6cf705666037 (438 words)

	Braxton exhibition casts light on the Middle Passage \|
		As the director of the Middle Passage Project at the College, Braxton has been heavily involved in such outreach, both here and abroad, and she heavily thanks the College for enabling such opportunities.
		Throughout her career and particularly at William and Mary, Braxton, who is the senior fl faculty member at the College in length of service, has been consistently committed to improving campus and community relationships and to building bridges of understanding.
		It is imperative that the understanding, cooperation and mutual respect that have become the hallmarks of interracial alliances on this campus be encouraged and not impeded.
	www.wm.edu /news/?id=3318 (1100 words)

	Middle Passage
		The ship was a brig, specially built for the slave trade, with a narrow, clipper-shaped hull and a sharp bow-- built for maneuverability and above all speed, to evade British anti-slave trade patrols.
		After weeks or months of waiting in the baracoons at the river mouth, embarkment happened in a sudden rush: the slaves were herded out of the baracoons, marched to the water's edge and forced into large wooden canoes to be ferried out to the slave ship looming beyond the surf.
		KEY DOCUMENTS: Grabeau, speaking through intepreters, gave an account of the ordeal to the abolitionists preparing the Africans' defense, which they published in the Journal of Commerce, October 10, 1839.
	amistad.mysticseaport.org /discovery/story/middle.passage.html (474 words)

	The Middle Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Middle Passage was the infamouse route that ships used to transport slaves from the West Africa to the Americas.
		It was the middle section of the the Trianglar Trade, the voyaged the was travele by slave traders.
		The Middle passage started off at Dakar, Senegal and went to Matanzas, Cuba wich from there the slaves were transported to the Americas.
	www.webspawner.com /users/mtruvalcaba (110 words)

	The Middle Passage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During the early and middle 1500s, the English, French and Dutch colonies used indentured whites and convicts on their plantations.
		Slave deaths during the Middle Passage caused by sickness, suicide, depression, and rebellion averaged 13 to 15 percent.
		The Middle Passage supplied the Americas with it's major work force from 1699 to 1845.
	multirace.org /firstday/first30.htm (872 words)

	Amazon.com: Middle Passage: Books: Charles Johnson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		"Middle Passage" is the story of a wayward freed slave in 1830's New Orleans.
		And this oft neglected facet of the middle passage, this truth, is wonderfully examined in the fiction of Charles Johnson's Middle Passage.
		Middle Passage touches on these contradictions, the absurdities and horror, the humor and the hope, in the bloody latter days of the slave trade, from the viewpoint of a brilliantly realized protagonist.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0684855887?v=glance (2300 words)

	The Literature of the Middle Passage : Student Writings
		I also realized that the Middle Passage, an area that remains unexplored for me in my academic studies, is a crucial link in putting together the history of colonialism and slavery.
		I think the Literature of the Middle Passage will help me challenge ideas about nationality--my own nationality, as someone who was born, raised and educated in the US--as well as broader questions regarding nationality...
		I guess I expected and was properly forewarned, through a semester-long study of the literature of the Middle Passage, for the residual tragedy, poverty, underdevelopment, turmoil, and sorrow, but nothing could really have prepared me for the intensity and reality of this trip.
	www.barnard.edu /middlepassage/students.html (8415 words)

	Malachi Smith coming through the Middle Passage - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		The 2003 Reggae Soca Awards Dub Poet of the Year will formally introduce his third CD, Middle Passage, which has been getting rave reviews in Miami, Florida where it was officially launched a month ago.
		Middle Passage reveals the best that Reggae has to offer: the erotic charms of Jungle Fever, prophetic warnings of Pocomania Politcs and the social concerns of Blue Morning.
		Middle Passage features 19 tracks offering social and political commentaries.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /lifestyle/html/20031027T000000-0500_50800_OBS_MALACHI_SMITH_COMING_THROUGH_THE_MIDDLE_PASSAGE.asp (312 words)

	Ama, a Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Middle Passage in Fiction
		In any event, the following non-historical sources on the Middle Passage might prove to be useful teaching tools for some of you.
		To recreate successfully the experience of the Middle Passage in fiction, requires an African perspective and a more than superficial understanding of African history and culture.
		Fred D'Aguiar, who writes of the Middle Passage in Feeding the Ghosts, is from Guyana.
	www.ama.africatoday.com /middle_passage_fiction_m.htm (1440 words)

	Puk om Middle Passage
		Spielberg chose to tell a story of the glorious American justice system in which the Middle Passage is nothing but important information for the defense attorney.
		Especially when dealing with the Middle Passage and slavery, telling the story truthfully yet leaving not too many people too sick to the stomach is a fine balance to strike.
		his story of the Middle Passage was: “The pain of the present sometimes seems overwhelming, but the reasons for it are rooted in the past.” These stories must be re-membered and re-told for the pain to be healed.
	hjem.get2net.dk /PukDegnegaard/MP.html (1235 words)

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