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Pennsylvanian Period The Kanawha Formation was deposited in West Virginia during the Middle Pennsylvanian Period, and yields 26 of the 62 minable coal seams officially identified in West Virginia. During the Pennsylvanian Period the continental plates of Africa, Europe, and North America were in collision, forming volcanic mountain ranges along their margins as oceanic crust was subducted under the relatively lighter continental crust. The Pangean mountain- building supplied sediments which began forming deltas in southeastern West Virginia during the early Pennsylvanian Period, and through continual shoreline accretion gradually pushed the coastline northwestward into northern West Virginia by the end of the Pennsylvanian Period. www.clearlight.com /~mhieb/WVFossils/PennsylvPeriod.html   (511 words)

Pennsylvanian Fossil Site Geology The identification of stomach ejecta pellets, which are probably of fish, reptilian, or amphibian origin, and the presence of insects, aquatic arthropods, molluscs, and crustaceans in the fossil record establish additional faunal diversity for this ancient environment. This conclusion agrees with other middle Pennsylvanian studies in the Illinois Basin (Baird et al., 1985; Utgaard and Givens, 1978) and is supported by the geographical location of the North American portion of the Laurasia supercontinent 305 Ma. This conclusion is in agreement with paleontology and paleoecology studies of the middle Pennsylvanian in Illinois (Weller, 1957; Utgaard and Givens, 1978; Palmer et al., 1979; Carpenter, 1979; Nitecki, 1979; Baird et al., 1985; Leary, 1988). www.science.siu.edu /geology/big/paper.htm   (2158 words)

Pennsylvanian Summary The term Pennsylvanian is a U.S. coinage based on the frequency of rocks of this period in the state of Pennsylvania; internationally, the terms late Carboniferous Period or Silesian Period are preferred. The Pennsylvanian is named after the state of Pennsylvania where rocks from this age are widespread. In Europe, the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian are one more-or-less continuous sequence of lowland continental deposits and are lumped together as the Carboniferous period. www.bookrags.com /Pennsylvanian   (670 words)

Missouri Fossils. - Encyclopedia.com These Pennsylvanian beds differ both in the appearance of strata and in contained fossils from those of nearby Illinois or western Missouri; however, outcrops are limited, and urbanization of the St. Louis metropolitan area has covered many of the fossil sites. Attractive and well-preserved compressions of Pennsylvanian vegetation are found in abundance at Knob Knoster near Warrensberg, Missouri, in buff shales of the upper Middle Pennsylvanian Pleasanton Group. Another Pennsylvanian fossil group that is widely dispersed in collections from Missouri consists of clams (pelecypods) preserved on the surface of slabs of hematite. www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-53288730.html   (3681 words)

USGS Professional Paper 1151-H: The Geology of Kentucky: Pennsylvanian System The relief of the erosion surface of underlying Mississippian strata diminishes southward in northeastern Kentucky and southeastward from the Cincinnati arch. The middle and upper parts of the Pennsylvanian are dominated by discontinuous sequences of siltstone, subgraywacke (micaceous, feldspathic, and lithic sandstone with clayey matrix), and shale. The oldest Pennsylvanian strata are exposed on Cumberland Mountain along the Kentucky-Virginia State line; the youngest strata are preserved in a broad syncline in the area generally south of Ashland in northeastern Kentucky. pubs.usgs.gov /prof/p1151h/penn.html   (7792 words)

Pennsylvanian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Pennsylvanian is an epoch of the Carboniferous period lasting from roughly 325 Ma to 299 Ma (million years ago). The Pennsylvanian is named after the state of Pennsylvania where rocks from this age are widespread. In Europe, the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian are one more-or-less continuous sequence of lowland continental deposits and are lumped together as the Carboniferous period. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pennsylvanian   (198 words)

Middle Pennsylvanian, late Atokan-early Desmoinesian echinoderms from an intermontane basin, the Central Colorado ... Middle Pennsylvanian, late Atokan-early Desmoinesian echinoderms from an intermontane basin, the Central Colorado Trough ABSTRACT-Middle Pennsylvanian, Atokan and Desmoinesian, crinoids and echinoids are described from the Belden and Minturn Formations of the Central Colorado Trough. The Pennsylvanian stratigraphy and structural development of Colorado has been documented in numerous articles and theses on specific areas and parts of the stratigraphic section by various individuals during the past 65 years. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_199811/ai_n8813444   (850 words)

Nemaha Strike-Slip Fault Zone by William McBee, Jr., #10055 (2003). “Cherokee” (Middle Pennsylvanian) strata overlie the eroded Cambro-Ordovician Arbuckle. At the top of the Precambrian basement and also at the level of Upper Pennsylvanian strata, the west-dipping, gentle homocline over much of eastern Kansas is split, but little disturbed, by the Nemaha zone (Figures 2 and 3), even though some of the pop-up horst-blocks in the zone display over 1600 ft of vertical displacement. The interval from the Pennsylvanian Hogshooter to the top of the Mississippian “lime” is about 840 feet thicker in the graben than in the upthrown blocks to the west and east (Figure 7). www.searchanddiscovery.net /documents/2003/mcbee/index.htm   (2528 words)

Climate during the Carboniferous Period The hot and humid climate of the Middle Carboniferous Period was accompanied by an explosion of terrestrial plant life. In contrast, coals of the Allegheny Formation that followed (Middle Pennsylvanian) are predominantly hard, dull, and "splinty," indicating that by then the climate had already become drier, most likely cooler, and generally a more stressful place for terrestrial plant life. Throughout the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) Period, Pangea drifted northward to drier, cooler climates and by the mid-Permian North America and Northern Europe had become desert-like as continued mountain-building caused much of the interior of the vast Pangean Supercontinent to be in rain shadow. mysite.verizon.net /mhieb/WVFossils/Carboniferous_climate.html   (3263 words)

NMBGMR Bulletin 124   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01) This report appraises the depositional environment and potential reservoir development of Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata in and around the Orogrande and Pedregosa Basins in southern NM and northern Chihuahua, Mexico. Lower Pennsylvanian and Middle Pennsylvanian strata are mostly carbonate in the southwest, unlike the dominantly terrigenous Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian in the mid-continent and eastern US. Thick sheets of Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian limestones covered most of the region from Oklahoma to NM, AZ, and the southern great Basin, and were present within the Ouachita-Marathon geosyncline. geoinfo.nmt.edu /publications/bulletins/124/home.html   (571 words)

Department of Geology- The University of Iowa Strimple, H.L., and [m]Heckel, P.H., 1978, A significant acrocrinid (Crinoidea: Camerata) from the Ladore Shale (Missourian, Upper Pennsylvanian) in eastern Kansas: Kansas Geol. Boardman, D.R., and [=] Heckel, P.H., 1988, Glacial-eustatic sea-level curve for Pennsylvanian of north-central Texas and biostratigraphic correlation with curve for Midcontinent (abstract): Geol. Heckel, P.H., 1985, Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian cyclothems of Midcontinent North America, a record of glacial-eustatic periodicity (abstract): Abstracts for Research Symposium, "Cycles and Periodicity in Geologic Events, Evolution and Stratigraphy", in honor of A.G. Fischer and F.G. Van Houten, Princeton Univ. Dept. of Geological and Geophysical Sciences, p. www.uiowa.edu /~geology/people/faculty/heckel/cv.html   (8869 words)

IU Bloomington Libraries: Geology Library: Department of Geosciences Thesis List The paleoecology and stratigraphy of the Perth Limestone (Pennsylvanian) and underlying shales in Warren County, Indiana. Conodonts from Middle Devonian strata of the Michigan Basin. Petrology of the Jeffersonville Limestone (Middle Devonian) of southeastern Indiana. www.indiana.edu /~libgeol/theses.html   (8922 words)

THE ALTAMONT FORMATION (MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIAN) AT THE I-170 OUTCROP IN ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI THE ALTAMONT FORMATION (MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIAN) AT THE I-170 OUTCROP IN ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Pennsylvanian strata spanning the Desmoinesian-Missourian boundary have been preserved in the St. Louis area due to a local downwarp called the St. Louis basin. The upper Desmoinesian (Middle Pennsylvanian) Altamont Formation is extensively exposed along both sides of the southbound lanes of I-170 near the St. Louis metropolitan airport. gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003NC/finalprogram/abstract_49648.htm   (454 words)

Stratigraphy, Depositional Environments and Coalbed Methane Resources of Cherokee Group Coals (Middle ... The Kansas Geological Survey plans on continuing the research of Middle Pennsylvanian coalbed methane resources throughout eastern Kansas. Moore, G. H., 1979, Pennsylvanian paleogeography of the southern mid-continent, in Hyne, N. J., ed., Pennsylvanian sandstones of the mid-continent: Tulsa Geological Society Special Publication 1, p. Staton, M. D., 1987, Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Cherokee Group (Middle Pennsylvanian) central Cherokee basin, southeastern Kansas: unpublished masters thesis, University of Kansas, 102 p. www.kgs.ku.edu /PRS/publication/2003/ofr2003-28/P3-07.html   (561 words)

Geologic Analysis of the Coal-Bearing Rocks of the Western Kentucky Coal Field for the Development of Coal Resources Greb, S.F., Chesnut, D.R., Jr., Eble, C.F., Nelson, W.J., and Blake, B.M., 1998, Changing influences of tectonics, eustacy, and climate on Pennsylvanian coals in the Illinois and Appalachian Basins [abs.]: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. Greb, S.F., Eble, C.F., and Nelson, W.J., 1999, Controls on Pennsylvanian paleoenvironments in the Illinois Basin [abs.]: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. Eble, C.F., Greb, S.F., and Williams, D.A., 2001, The geology and palynology of Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata in the Western Kentucky Coal Field: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. www.uky.edu /KGS/coal/westanal.htm   (720 words)

Cuffey 2 - Mammal - Like Reptiles Of greatest importance, the middle ear bones of mammals (stapes, incus, malleus, and tympanic) are homologous with several of the skull and jaw bones of reptiles (stapes, quadrate, articular, and angular, respectively; Romer, 1956, p. The Middle Triassic forms are from South America (Romer, 1969a, 1969b, 1970b, 1973; Romer and Lewis, 1973; Bonaparte and Barbarena, 1975), and the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic mammals are known from Eurasia (Kermack, Mussett, and Rigney, 1973, 1981; Kemp, 1982). Ultimately, in Middle and Upper Jurassic mammals, the tiny quadrate, articular, and ring-like angular migrated as a unit to the middle ear where they joined the stapes and became the incus, malleus, and tympanic bones (Allin, 197 5, 1986; Allin & Hopson, 1992; Hopson, 1987, 1994; Kemp, 1982; Sloan, 1983; Carroll, 1988). www.gcssepm.org /special/cuffey_05.htm   (2588 words)

Special Publication 77 - Table of Contents For example, the stratigraphic occurrences of mineable Pennsylvanian coal beds are best explained by a comprehensive global climate model applied to basin-fill sedimentation rather than by the classic deltaic depositional models. With this background in place, detailed documentation and analysis of climate control on the lithologic variation of a single Middle Pennsylvanian cyclothem (fourth-order sequence) is elucidated. A presentation of numerical modeling of Pennsylvanian climates and a discussion of paleoclimatic influences on the occurrences of petroleum complete the volume. www.sepm.org /publishing/toc/sp77toc.htm   (619 words)

Log Book for January 24, 2004 During the Middle Pennsylvanian, the Paradox basin was an enclosed basin approximately 320km long and 160km wide. Paleomagnetic and paleoclimatic data suggest that the Paradox basin was located approximately 15 to 20 degrees nort h latitude of the paleoequator during the Middle Pennsylvanian. Beginning in the early Permian, rapid subsidence of the basin ceased and marine waters withdrew to the west as continental shales and sands spread across the basin. www.marssociety.org /mdrs/fs03/0124/geo.asp   (550 words)

pg 085: Geology of the Marathon region, Texas Publication 6445288 The limestones associated with the shales have a close resemblance to those of the transported blocks of early Pennsylvanian age in the boulder-bed member of the Haymond formation. East of these localities there are no other outcrops of Pennsylvanian rocks until central Texas is reached, but a few hundred feet of limestones of middle Pennsylvanian age have been encountered by deep borings in the Big Lake oil field, in Reagan County, northeast of the Marathon Basin. In these regions, as in the Marathon district, there were disturbances and mountain-making movements at several times in the Pennsylvanian epoch, and the deposition of clastic sediments was closely related to this orogeny. www.lib.utexas.edu /books/landscapes/publications/txu-oclc-6445288/txu-oclc-6445288-b-085.html   (938 words)

Geological Society - News - The naming of (Carboniferous) parts   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01) For subsystems, the terms Mississippian and Pennsylvanian should be used in all regions of the world to replace the more ambiguous and more awkward terms Lower and Upper Carboniferous. The SCCS also voted to standardize the scale of all regional units termed stages at rough equivalency with the global stages now recognized in the Carboniferous (which are similar in scale to those in the adjacent Devonian and Permian Systems). Dashed lines separating the Moscovian and Kasimovian Stages (and Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian Series) reflect the range of uncertainty of the level at which the event defining that boundary will be chosen (see Villa and Task Group, 2004). www.geolsoc.org.uk /template.cfm?name=SCCS   (1149 words)

Darwin R. Boardman, II - Publications Knox, L.W., Barrick, J.E., and Boardman, D.R., II, 1995, Pennsylvanian Ostracoda from central North America: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Symposium on Ostracoda/Prague/Czech Republic 26-30 July 1994, in Riha, Jaroslav editor, Ostracoda and Biostratigraphy, p. Pabian, R.K., and Boardman, D.R., II, 1995, Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian Biostratigraphy in Richardson and Pawnee Counties, Nebraska, Geologic Field Trips in Nebraska and adjacent parts of Kansas and South Dakota, Guidebook 10, Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, and GSA regional sections meeting, p. Boardman, D. R., II, 1993, Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian marine condensed sections of the Eastern Shelf of the Midland Basin: AAPG, Southwest Section; AAPG Bulletin Volume 77/1, p. www.okstate.edu /geology/faculty/boardpub.html   (1761 words)

Chapter 6.3 Page 2   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01) The Eagle Basin developed in Middle Pennsylvanian time, concurrent with the uplift of the ancestral Rocky Mountains, and is generally regarded as a sub-basin of the Colorado trough. As such, the geology is dominated by carbonate rocks, near-shore sands, and evaporitic sequences. The primary Eagle Basin aquifers are found in the Permian and Pennsylvanian sandstones and the Mississippian and Devonian carbonates (Table 6.3-1). geosurvey.state.co.us /wateratlas/chapter6_3page2.asp   (150 words)

John R. Groves GROVES, J. Correlation of the type Bashkirian Stage (Middle Carboniferous, South Urals) to the Morrowan and Atokan Series of the midcontinental and western United States. GROVES, J. Calcareous foraminifers from the Bashkirian stratotype (Middle Carboniferous, south Urals) and their significance for intercontinental correlations and the evolution of the Fusulinidae. In H. Lane and W. Ziegler (eds.), Toward a boundary in the middle of the Carboniferous: Stratigraphy and paleontology. www.earth.uni.edu /jrg.html   (949 words)

Oklahoma Geological Survey   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01) The Pennsylvanian (from 323-290 million years ago) rocks are well represented in Oklahoma, and cover nearly 25% of the surface area of our state. This event was followed by the Ouachita orogeny during the Middle Pennsylvanian, which caused strong deformation of the sediments in the Ouachita Basin, and formed the Ouachita Mountains. By the Late Pennsylvanian, the Arbuckle orogeny was occurring, and reactivated mountain building and uplift of all regions in the southern part of the state. www.ogs.ou.edu /earthscience/intgeol/6pennsyl.htm   (374 words)

Bandera and Altamont Formations (Pennsylvanian), St. Louis, Missouri Pennsylvanian floras and faunas were quite different from those of today. Pennsylvanian conodont biostratigraphy and illustrations of the significant conodont Near the middle of the outcrop on the west side of the highway, a prominent bed of www.lakeneosho.org /King1a.html   (9217 words)

The Carboniferous The term "Carboniferous" is used throughout the world to describe this period, although this period has been separated into the Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) and the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) in the United States. This system was adopted to distinguish the coal-bearing layers of the Pennsylvanian from the mostly limestone Mississippian, and is a result of differing stratigraphy on the different continents. The chart at left shows the major subdivisions of the Carboniferous Period.The Lower Carboniferous of Europe corresponds roughly to the Mississippian of North America, and the Middle and Upper Carboniferous are roughly equivalent to the Pennsylvanian. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /carboniferous/carboniferous.html   (536 words)

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