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Topic: Middle Triassic

	Triassic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The extinction event that closed the Triassic period has recently been more accurately dated, but as with most older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the start and end are well identified, but the exact dates of the start and end of the period are uncertain by a few million years.
		The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich Von Alberti from the three distinct layers—redbeds, capped by chalk, followed by fl shales— that are found throughout Germany and Northwest Europe, called the 'Trias'.
		The Triassic period ended with a mass extinction, which was particularly severe in the oceans; the conodonts disappeared, and all the marine reptiles except ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Triassic (1670 words)

	Triassic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich Von Alberti for the three distinct layers of redbeds, capped by chalk, followed by fl shales that are found throughout Germany and Northwest Europe, called the 'Trias'.
		In the Triassic fauna, three groups of organisms can be distinguished: holdovers from the Permian-Triassic extinction, some new groups which flourished briefly, and other new groups which went on to dominate the Mesozoic world.
		The Triassic period ended with a mass extinction, which was particularly severe in the oceans: there conodonts disappeared, and all the marine reptiles except ichthyosaurs.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/triassic.html (1104 words)

	Triassic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Triassic was named in 1834 by Freidrich Von Alberti for the three distinct layers of redbeds, capped by chalk, followed by fl shales that are found throughout Germany and Northwest Europe.
		As the first Era of the Mesozoic Era (the Age of Dinosaurs), the Triassic follows the Permian and is followed by the Jurassic.
		The first Angiosperms (flowering plants) may have evolved during the Triassic as did the first flying vertebrates although the latter appear to be flying reptiles, not ancestors of birds.
	www.theezine.net /t/triassic.html (339 words)

	Palaeos Mesozoic : Triassic : The Triassic Period
		The Triassic Period is the first geological period of the Mesozoic era or "Age of Reptiles".
		The Triassic saw the single vast supercontinent of Pangea straddling the equator.
		Bivalves, ammonoids and brachiopods all recovered from the Permian extinction to dominate the Triassic.
	www.palaeos.com /Mesozoic/Triassic/Triassic.htm (1172 words)

	Lecture 9 - Triassic: Moenkopi, Karroo, Ischigualasto
		The Triassic was critical for Terrestrial life because all of the living dominant groups of tetrapods evolved by its end.
		The Middle Triassic basically continues the pattern seen in the early part of the period, except that the terrestrial record is not nearly as good.
		Since the Triassic, that part of northern Africa drifted north with the rest of the plate and formed the Alps, in which the rocks now outcrop in the Lake Lugano region of Italy and Switzerland.
	rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu /courses/v1001/9.html (2271 words)

	Triassic period
		In the Lower Triassic the sea extended E to Idaho, Colorado, and Wyoming; in the Middle Triassic it submerged British Columbia; in the Upper Triassic it extended into Alaska.
		The end of the Triassic in North America was marked by extensive faulting and tilting of the Newark series, called the Palisade disturbance, and by the emergence of W North America.
		The climate of the Triassic was semiarid to arid.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0849392.html (705 words)

	Abstracts
		Following the end-Permian crisis, the Early Triassic was marked by a gradual recovery in generic richness (57 Induan and 66 Olenekian genera).
		Diversity slowly increased in the Middle Triassic (98 Anisian and 121 Ladinian genera) and peaked in the Late Triassic (171 Carnian, 165 Norian, and 143 Rhaetian genera).
		Drilling predators, although present during the Triassic, are not considered to be prominent causes of mortality among bivalves.
	paleo.cortland.edu /mcroberts/abstract.html (1998 words)

	The Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era
		The Triassic also follows the largest extinction event in the history of life, and so is a time when the survivors of that event spread and recolonized.
		The organisms of the Triassic can be considered to belong to one of three groups: holdovers from the Permo-Triassic extinction, new groups which flourished briefly, and new groups which went on to dominate the Mesozoic world.
		In the Lower Triassic the sea extended east to Idaho, Colorado, and Wyoming; during the Middle Triassic the sea submerged British Columbia; and during the Upper Triassic the sea extended into Alaska.
	www.science501.com /PTTriassic.html (876 words)

	Albart6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The evolution of the Lorraine evaporite basin: implications for the chemical and isotope composition of the Triassic ocean.
		A crested predatory mixosaurid from the Middle Triassic of the Germanic Basin.
		The status of the Sauropterygian reptile genera Ceresiosaurus, Lariosaurus, and Silvestrosaurus from the Middle Triassic of Europe.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/kerp/Albart17.htm (3049 words)

	Triassic Dinosaurs - ZoomDinosaurs.com
		During the early Triassic, corals appeared and ammonites recovered from the Permian extinction.
		at the beginning of the Triassic, 220 million years ago, decreased the amount of shoreline, formed mountains, and gave the interior of the supercontinent a dry, desert-like terrain.
		The Triassic period was named in 1834 by the German geologist Friedrich August Von Alberti (1795-1878) (it was originally named the "Trias").
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/mesozoic/triassic (677 words)

	Albart6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Benton, M.J. and Allen, J.L. Boreopricea from the lower Triassic of Russia, and the relationships of the prolacertiform reptiles.
		Dilkes, D.W. The Early Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni and the interrelationships of basal archosauromorph reptiles.
		Geluk, M.C. and Rohling, H.G. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Triassic "Buntsandstein" in the Netherlands and northwestern Germany.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/kerp/Albart6.htm (2869 words)

	The Permo-Triassic Extinction
		At the boundary between the Permian and Triassic systems, the diversity of life represented in the fossil record is reduced to a level not seen since the Cambrian.
		Life on the early Triassic earth was remarkably homogenous, as a handful of taxa which survived the extinction proliferated across the planet, for instance the brachiopod Lingula, the bivalves Claraia, Eomorphis, and Unionites, the weedy plant Isoetes, and the mammal-like reptile Lystrosaurus.
		Whereas thick coals are widespread from the Carboniferous to the late Permian, and from the middle Triassic onwards, there are no coal seams at all in the early Triassic.
	www.geocities.com /earthhistory/permo.htm (6257 words)

	New Stratigraphic and Palaeogeographic Results from the Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic of the Middle Pontides (Northern ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Küre Complex of the Middle Pontides, northern Turkey, is not a remnant of the Palaeotethys but consists of three different units with differing geological history, the Küre Ridge Unit, the Küre Ocean Unit and the Çalça Unit.
		At the northern margin of the (Upper Triassic?) Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Beykoz-Çaglayan turbidite basin (north of the Küre Complex) the accretionary complex of an older ocean, the Late Palaeozoic Paphlagonian Ocean, was exposed that yielded clasts in the Beykoz-Çaglayan turbidite basin.
		A Middle to Late Permian southward-directed subduction is assumed for the Paphlagonian Ocean.
	www.geologia-croatica.hr /abstract/gc-53-2-01.html (528 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: A new upper middle triassic shrimp (crustacea: lophogastrida) from Guizhou, China, with ...
		The Family Lophogastridae Sars, 1857, is represented solely by the Upper Middle Jurassic form Lophogaster volutensis, from la Voulte-sur-Rhone, Ardeche, France (Secretan and Riou, 1986).
		Middle Triassic sediments are widely distributed throughout southwestern China, representing what was the Yangtze Platform before the union during the Mesozoic of the land masses that today make up China.
		The conodonts Paragondolella polygnathiformis are typical of the Early Carnian stage of the Late Triassic, suggesting a later age for this deposit.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200103/ai_n8944956 (1341 words)

	Publications
		Triassic bivalves and the beginning of the Marine Mesozoic Revolution: A role for predators?.
		Upper Triassic stratigraphy and fauna of the Taylor Mountains D-2 and D-3 quadrangles (SW part of the Farewell terrane), southwest Alaska.
		A new species of Myophorigonia from the Upper Triassic of Oregon, with a refrence to the Minetrigoniidae of the circum-Pacific.
	paleo.cortland.edu /mcroberts/publist.html (1098 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: MATONIACEOUS FERNS (GLEICHENIALES) FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC OF ANTARCTICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first record of the family has been suggested to occur in the Middle Triassic (Millay and Taylor, 1990), and Matonia is known from at least the Early Jurassic (Harris, 1980).
		As one of the few localities in which Triassic ferns are anatomically preserved, the flora of Fremouw Peak in the central Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica is critical in documenting early evolutionary history in several modern fern families.
		The peat occurs in carbonaceous mudstones of the upper Fremouw Formation, which is early Middle Triassic in age based on palynology and vertebrates (Kitching et al., 1972; Kyle and Fasola, 1978; Kyle and Schopf, 1982; Farabee et al., 1990).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200401/ai_n9368174 (1406 words)

	OLDEST LATE TRIASSIC FOOTPRINT ASSEMBLAGE FROM NORTH AMERICA
		An assemblage of reptile footprints from the abandoned Pomona Terra-cotta and an adjacent active quarry in the middle Pekin Formation of the Sanford subbasin of the Deep River basin is the oldest track faunule recognized to date in strata of Late Triassic age in Eastern North America.
		King and Benton (1996), suggest that all published records of dinosaur footprints of Middle Triassic age are doubtful, and therefore the tracks of dinosaurian aspect of the Pekin assemblage are among the oldest in the world.
		The middle Pekin faunule is intermediate in age and composition between the much better known Middle Triassic and late Triassic assemblages, and is thus critical to an understanding of the origin of dinosaur-dominated communities of the later Mesozoic.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /~polsen/nbcp/pekintracks.html (4316 words)

	Triassic HSU NHM
		The Permian extinction event was so severe that the flora and fauna of the Triassic is quite different than previously seen in the Paleozoic Era.
		A forest of conifers is preserved as petrified wood in the Petrified Forest of Arizona.
		The engravings are from Dana, James D. Manual of Geology, Le Conte, Joseph (1898) A Compend of Geology, Shimer, Harvey Woodburn (1914) An Introduction to the Study of Fossils, or Louis Pirson and Charles Schuchert, A Text-Book of Geology.
	www.humboldt.edu /~natmus/lifeThroughTime/Triassic.web (247 words)

	EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF GASTROPOD SIZE ACROSS THE END-PERMIAN EXTINCTION AND THROUGH THE TRIASSIC RECOVERY INTERVAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Size increase in the Middle Triassic resulted from the origination of large species within genera that have Early Triassic fossil records and the occurrence of new genera containing large species during the Middle Triassic.
		Genera recorded from the Permian and Middle Triassic but not the Early Triassic (“Lazarus taxa”) do not contribute significantly to the size increase in the Middle Triassic.
		Furthermore, the small size and low species richness of Lazarus genera when they reappear in the Middle Triassic indicate that they were more severely affected by the end-Permian extinction, likely surviving as small, rare forms rather than existing at large sizes in Early Triassic refugia.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_59957.htm (470 words)

	Norian Stage -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		middle of three divisions in the Upper Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Norian time (221 million to 210 million years ago) in the Triassic Period.
		The stratotype for the Norian is a formation known as the beds with Cyrtopleurites...
		During the Middle Ages plays based on episodes from the Bible were directed by the medieval maître de jeu, who supervised amateur actors in productions sponsored by the cities.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9101903 (819 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 93014566 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Small tetrapods from the Upper Triassic of the Richmond Basin, Virginia 9.
		Middle Jurassic microvertebrate assemblages from the British Isles 19.
		Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic extinctions among continental tetrapods 23.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/cam029/93014566.html (300 words)

	Seas of the Russian Arctic, Part VI, Laptev Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The upper of these horizons has an interface velocity of 3.9-4.0 kmps and is at the boundary between Lower Triassic clays and Middle Triassic sands.
		The middle of these horizons with an interface velocity of 4.6-5.0 kmps correlates with the boundary between Upper Paleozoic clastics and Middle Paleozoic carbonates.
		The Vendian-Middle Paleozoic complex in the Laptev basin is expected to consist of marine and lagoonal clay-carbonates and evaporites (Lower and Middle Devonian).
	www.geocities.com /internetgeology/L213a.html (585 words)

	Plesiosaur References - S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A new Pistosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Nevada and its implications for the origin of the plesiosaurs; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology; Vol.
		The known fossil record of Triassic sauropterygians is considered to be poor, in spite of a pronounced Lagerstatte influence.
		It is assumed that improvements in the Triassic sauropterygian record may be achieved, and increased confidence in palaeobiological hypotheses attained, by the discovery of new taxa, the identification of stratigraphic and geographic range extensions for existing taxa, and the refinement of stratigraphic dating.
	www.plesiosaur.com /references/references.s.htm (3253 words)

	Lecture 10 - Triassic: Moenkopi, Karroo, Ischigualasto
		The mostly red Upper Buntsandstein shales and sandstones of Early to Middle Triassic age.
		The mostly gray Upper Muschelkalk marine limestones of Middle Triassic age.
		The mostly red and purple upper Middle Keuper at natural exposures at Burg Gleichen, near Muelberg, Germany..
	rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu /courses/v1001/dinoorig9.html (2353 words)

	MESOZOIC the DINOSAURS Diorama Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Early, Middle, Late (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Early Triassic is dominated by the plants and animals that had survived the Late Permian extinction.
		The Middle Triassic is a period of transition as dicynodonts and cynodonts whose ancestors dominated the Late Permian decline and archosaurs the ancestors of dinosaurs and crocodiles experiment with a variety of plant eating and carnivorous forms.
		In Europe Triassic finds are scrappy. In Africa, Madagascar has produced interesting finds. The earliest known prosauropods have been reported there but have not yet been described.
	www.dinosaurcollector.150m.com /mesozoic_home.htm (940 words)

	NEW TRACKSITES FROM THE MOENKOPI FORMATION (LOWER-MIDDLE TRIASSIC), GLEN CANYON NATIONAL RECREATION AREA
		Vertebrate and invertebrate subaerial traces are abundant in the Triassic Moenkopi Formation and have been documented in numerous publications.
		Terrestrial fauna and flora from the Triassic Moenkopi Formation of the Southwestern United States: Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, v.
		Peabody, F. Ichnites from the Triassic Moenkopi Formation of Arizona and Utah: Journal of Paleontology, v.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /geology/paleontology/pub/grd2/gsa12.htm (1645 words)

	Red Mountain
		The Middle and Late Triassic fine-grained siliceous clastic rocks grade upward into coarser-grained volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks.
		Chert deposition appear to have been continuous for part of the Permian and Triassic, a period of approximately 70 Ma, and a pelagic depositional environment with little clastic input is inferred.
		That is was deformed in latest Triassic time, prior to eruption of Stikinian arc volcanic rocks, suggests that its closure may be linked with latest Triassic-earliest Jurassic deformation common to Stikinia and the Yukon-Tanana terrane, which at this latitude also borders Stikinia on the west.
	radpage.univ-lyon1.fr /redmtn.html (564 words)

	Middle Triassic Ammonoid Fossils From Nevada
		As a matter of fact, the specific Prida Formation site referred to here yields one of the most complete middle Triassic ammonoid successions in the world; and many cephalopod specialists and paleontologists, in general, consider it the single best Middle Triassic, late Anisian Stage (roughly 235 million years old) ammonoid locality in existence.
		Literally tons of ammonoid-bearing limestones have been removed from the site since its discovery by silver miners in the latter half of the 1800s; that well-preserved, identifiable fossils still occur there, after such concerted searching by hordes of avid ammonoid enthusiasts over many decades, is somewhat of a miracle.
		The geologic age of the specific, classic ammonoid site is transitional latest Anisian/earliest Ladinian Stage of the Triassic Period, which places the fossils found there directly in the middle of the Mid Triassic, or roughly 235 million years old.
	members.aol.com /Waucoba7/ammonoids/ammonoids.html (725 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The sauropterygian genera Chinchenia, Kwangsisaurus, and Sanchiaosaurus from the Lower and Middle Triassic of China
		The incomplete remains of three monotypic genera of Sauropterygia from the Lower(?) and Middle Triassic of China are re-described in detail, and their phylogenetic interrelationships are assessed on the basis of parsimony.
		The taxa are Chinchenia sungi Young, 1965, from the upper Middle Triassic, Kwangsisaurus orientalis Young, 1959, from the upper Lower or lower Middle Triassic, and Sanchiaosaurus dengi Young, 1965, from the lower Middle Triassic.
	www.vertpaleo.org /jvp/19-321-337.html (192 words)

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