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Topic: Middle-Persian

    Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

Middle East - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Starting in the middle of the 20th century, the Middle East has been at the centre of world affairs, and is probably the modern world's most strategically, economically, politically and culturally sensitive area. Turkey and Cyprus, although geographically inside or close to the Middle East, consider themselves to be part of Europe (although the ' Middle East Technical University ' is located in Ankara, Turkey). Tunisia) are frequently linked to the Middle East due to their strong historical and cultural associations, as is Sudan. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_East

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Persia Persian literature is not very rich in historical and theological works, and even the comparatively small number of these is generally based on Arabic Mohammedan historical and theological productions. Moreover, there is evidence that Christianity had spread widely in the Persian dominions, and every Christian was suspected of disaffection towards the Persian king and secret attachment to the Roman Empire, the more so because even the Persian-speaking Christians employed the Syriac language in their worship. The Mohammedan Period (from about A.D. 900 until the present day), represented by the Persian language as it was spoken by the Persians after the Arab conquest, and after the adoption of the Mohammedan religion by the vast majority of the inhabitants of Persia. www.newadvent.org /cathen/11712a.htm

Iranian & Persian Studies Persian Studies concentrates upon the literature of New Persian, which includes the poetry and prose produced in Persian in Iran, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Ottoman Empire from the tenth century to the present day. For the general examination in Persian Language and Literature students are expected, in addition to having a general overview of Persian literature, to read extensively in the corpus of one author and to know the literature of one period in depth. Persian Studies is typically paired with sub-fields such as Arabic, Islamic religion and culture, Indo-Muslim culture, Sufism, linguistics, philosophy, Near Eastern history, Turkish, and the history of art. www.fas.harvard.edu /~nelc/iranian_persian.html

Language Middle Persian was, just like Old Persian, spoken in southwestern Iran, Parthian was spoken in the north, while a group of languages (Khwarezmian, Sogdian and Saka) were spoken in southeast. Middle Persian was a contemporary of Parthian, and during the Arsacid period, Persian was strongly influenced by Parthian. Middle Persian was the language used in the Sassanian Empire, and was called Pahlavi. parsiqueen.tripod.com /id6.html

UCLA Language Materials Persian Language Profile Middle Persian, also known as Pahlavi, after the Parthians who ruled Persia after the collapse of Alexander's Empire, is known chiefly through its use in Persian's pre-Islamic Zoroastrian religious writings. Persian is a subgroup of West Iranian languages that include the closely related Persian languages of Dari and Tajik; the less closely related languages of Luri, Bakhtiari, and Kumzari; and the non-Persian dialects of Fars Province. Old Persian is attested from the cuneiform inscriptions left by the Achaemenid dynasty (559 to 331 BC.) that ruled the lands known as the Realm of the Aryans (from which comes the name of the modern country Iran) up until the conquest of Alexander the Great. www.lmp.ucla.edu /profiles/profp01.htm

THE IRANIAN: Features: Language, Persian or Farsi Old Persian was spoken until approximately the 3rd century BC and Middle Persian, or Pahlavi, was spoken from the 3rd century BC to the 9th century AD. Today, Persian is not only the name of the official language in Iran but also of the Republic of Tajikistan, and Afghanistan, and different dialects of this language are spoken in many regions of south and central Asia. Three main groups use the word Farsi instead of Persian while speaking English: non-Iranians who are somewhat familiar with the country and its culture; second-generation Iranians who know some Persian, and Iranians, including some officials, who do not have a sound knowledge about their culture and language. www.iranian.com /Features/Dec97/Persian

Persian language Middle Persian is a direct heir of Old Persian; it is known in two varieties - Pahlavi (documents found in Iran) and Manichean (documents found in Turfan). Already in Middle Persian, the analytical traits are clear; today the noun in Persian has no case declension and gender variation. Groups of Persian speakers exist in Iraq, countries of the Middle East and the republics of the Caucasus. www.geocities.com /indoeurop/tree/iran/persian.html

Iranian Language Family Middle Persian documents written in the purpose made Manichean script are of utmost importance for the study of the language and are of invaluable importance for out understanding of Middle Persian pronunciation and word formation. Middle Persian was initially the language of the province of Pars ( Persia), and a development of the Old Persian of the Achaemenid royal inscriptions or one of its close dialects. Heterograms or hozvaresh, are Middle Iranian ideograms, written in their original Aramaic form, but read and pronounced in their Parthian(also Middle Persian and Sogdian) forms. www.iranologie.com /history/ilf.html

AllRefer.com - Persian Gulf Wars (Middle Eastern History) - Encyclopedia The First Persian Gulf War, Jan.–Feb., 1991, was an armed conflict between Iraq and a coalition of 32 nations including the United States, Britain, Egypt, France, and Saudi Arabia. Persian Gulf Wars or Gulf Wars, two conflicts involving Iraq and U.S.-led coalitions in the late 20th and early 21st cent. The Second Persian Gulf War, Mar.–Apr., 2003, was a largely U.S.-British invasion of Iraq. reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/PersGWar.html

Persian writing Persian words can be entered in either the current (Perso-Arabic) or in (UniPers) Roman-based alphabet.... Persian, also known as Farsi, is the official language of Iran. Modern Persian language or farsi, is the language of modern Iran and is also widely spoken in... www.logoi.com /links/persian_writing.html

Afghanistan Online: Article (Pahlawi/Farsi/Dari) The Persians however did not forget their own language and little by little the Middle Persian was being shaped into new Persian but with the addition of a considerable amount of Arabic and Parthian words in Arabic script. However, over the Years, Dari has evolved into a dialect of Middle Persian (Parsi), this distinction was realized and noted by the Sassanids towards the end of their rule. Persian was originated in Persa (Persis of Greeks and Fars of Arabs) and is differentiated by dialectical features, still easily recognizable from the dialects prevailing South, Centarl and South Western Asia. www.afghan-web.com /language/farsidari.html

Middle Persian script Ancient Berber, Arabic, Divehi Akuru, Hebrew, Mandaic, Middle Persian, Nabataean, Parthian, Phoenician, Proto-Hebrew, Psalter, Sabaean, Samaritan, South Arabian, Syriac, Tifinagh, Ugaritic The Parthian script developed from the Aramaic script around the 2nd century BC and was used during the Parthian and early Sassanian periods of the Persian empire. The Psalter script is a variant of the Persian script which was used mainly for writing on paper. www.omniglot.com /writing/mpersian.htm

Center for Middle Eastern Studies: Persian Video Collection Center for Middle Eastern Studies: Persian Video Collection Our Persian collection is unique, featuring many titles that are not widely available in the United States. Zinat tries to be a satisfied wife and mother in law, but when a medical emergency develops in the village, she is forces to choose between her duty to her family and her commitment as a health care provider. menic.utexas.edu /menic/cmes/Outreach/MERC/persian.html

glbtq >> literature >> Middle Eastern Literature: Persian In Sa'di's poetry, as in most Persian poetry, the love of a beautiful boy, the shahid or "witness [of beauty]," is the means by which the poet focuses on the Divine Beloved. The most important Persian poet to explore the love of young men by men is Sa'di of Shiraz. Iran, or Persia, possesses a religious literature reaching back to the second millennium B.C.E. The Avesta, or the holy book of the Zoroastrians, is written in an old Iranian language related to Farsi, or modern Persian. www.glbtq.com /literature/mid_e_lit_persian.html

Antiques, Regional Art, Middle Eastern on Trocadero A well cast and turned mortar from the Near East, with six "fins" around the perimeter, well formed shape in the manner of Medieval mortars to be found in Persia or the Middle East or even North Africa; this shape was also used in European Medieval mortars and in the Continent since ancient Roman times. Condition: The Persian dish is very good with a couple of minor frits and three small stilt marks to the interior of the dish. It is of that beautiful turquoise color unique to the middle east. www.trocadero.com /directory/Antiques:Regional_Art:Middle_Eastern.html

Department of Middle Eastern Studies: Persian Studies Persian Studies majors and students majoring in other areas but seeking to minor in Persian Studies may take courses in area studies related to Persian, such as Iranian History, Introduction to the Middle East, and Introduction to Islam. Persian Studies at the University of Texas at Austin is a comprehensive program of Persian language and literature at all levels. Students majoring in Persian Language and Literature are required to take 18 hours of courses beyond the first four semesters of Persian language (or the equivalent of these four semesters) and one year of Arabic. www.utexas.edu /cola/depts/mes/programs/persian

Iransaga - Parthian and Middle Persian Written Literatures From the little written poetry that remains it is clear that Middle Persian meter, like the Parthian, was governed by stress, the quantity of syllables being flexible within limits. Judging by their Arabic and Persian translations and adaptations, and by bibliographical notices, Middle Persian literature (apart from clerical writing) included historical, geographical, didactic, and astronomical works; books on land survey and travel; rules of conduct and etiquette; law books, historical novels, romances, folktales, and fables. Many were lost in the course of the Muslim invasion and other foreign conquests, and others were lost because of the religious zeal of the Muslim Persians themselves; but, mostly, their loss is due to the neglect of these works after the change of script from Aramaic to Arabic. www.art-arena.com /parthlit.htm

Middle-Eastern Women from the King's Book of Kings I believe that the common view of Middle Eastern dancers' clothing is a combination of Little Egypt at the World's Fair, Hollywood and cabaret costume. Titley, Norah M. Persian Miniature Painting and Its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India. The Book in the Islamic World: The Written Word and Communication in the Middle East ilaria.veltri.tripod.com /mideastwomen.html

THE MIDDLE EAST AND PERSIAN GULF: AN ISRAELI PERSPECTIVE Middle East Military Balance, 1989-1990, Joseph Alpher, Zeev Eytan, and Dov Tamari, editors, Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1991. Similarly, conflicts between Persian Gulf nations led to a parallel arms race involving Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the smaller Gulf States.   Recent publications include "Arms Control in the Middle East" in the Encyclopedia of Arms Control and Disarmament, published by Scribners (1993), "Arms Control and Regional Security in the Middle East" in Survival, and Lost in Space:   The Domestic Politics of the Strategic Defense Initiative published by IGCC and Lexington Books. faculty.biu.ac.il /~steing/arms/carnegie.htm

Persian Gulf War Another helpful technology involved in the Gulf War was huge deposits of oil discovered in the Middle East around the Persian Gulf after World War II. The Persian Gulf War was said to be the four most bloody and courageous days of our nation's history. The Middle East is a harsh desert land where water is as precious as gold. www.northstar.k12.ak.us /schools/nph/twt/storm/gulfwar.htm

Middle East Bibliography - Islam bibliography - islamic culture In addition to the literary works written by Arabs, Persians and Turks, you will find studies of Middle Eastern literatures, ethnographic studies of different communities, religious practices, the culture and situation of women, dramas and festival performances, Social life and customs in general, etc. These chosen titles are neither too technical, nor simplified This list is a compilation (in-progress) of titles in English language that are deemed appropriate for college level studies related to the Middle East, North Africa and the religion of Islam. MIDDLE EASTERNERS IN THE U.S. Arab Americans : continuity and change / edited by Baha Abu-Laban and Michael W. Suleiman. www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/mideast/corebib.htm

Open Directory - Home: Cooking: World Cuisines: Middle Eastern: Persian Top : Home : Cooking : World Cuisines : Middle Eastern : Persian Persian and Iranian Recipes at Farsinet.com - Eight recipes, such as Labu and Kateh, with list of Iranian restaurants. Persian Recipes at Astray.com - Variety of recipes from Artichoke Khoresh to Zardalu Polo. dmoz.org /Home/Cooking/World_Cuisines/Middle_Eastern/Persian

Gernot Windfuhr (metrics of Luri, Classical Persian, Arabic, Turkish, and Middle Persian)      1990 "Typological Notes on Pronominal Cases in Iranian Tati," in Aspects of Iranian Culture in Honor of Richard Nelson Frye. Consultant, Interactive Internet Project, Teaching Persian to foreigners, Amuzesh-e Zaban-e Farsi be Kharejian, Cultural Research Bureau, Tehran, 2000-present. Persian language, linguistics, literature, culture; Iranian linguistics and dialectology; Near Eastern linguistics; Pre-Islamic Iranian languages and religions, Zoroastrianism. www.umich.edu /~neareast/faculty/windfuhr.htm

Persian Gulf Region Middle East Events -Portal covering all events, exhibitions, trade shows, concerts, conferences, seminars, entertianment programmes and festivals in the region. Middle East Information Network -Provides links to resources and articles about the Middle East. Middle East Directory -Guide to Middle East Web Sites. www.parstimes.com /PG.html

Middle East Asia countries landforms rivers and information pages by World Atlas Historically, Armenia and Azerbaijan have been long associated with the Middle East, but in recent years, some sources now consider them to be more closely aligned with Europe based on their modern economic and political trends. The countries of the Middle East are all part of Asia, but for clarity reasons we geographically show them here as a separate landmass. The African country of Egypt is still thought ( by some) to be in the Middle East, as well as the northern African countries that border the Mediterranean Sea. worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/me.htm

Middle persian - Network Live Look for Middle persian in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video. Look for Middle persian in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project. If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database. middle_persian.networklive.org

Middle East Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online Persian Gulf [shows international boundaries, offshore boundaries] From Issues in the Middle East, Atlas, 1973 (195K) Middle East - Mean Annual Rainfall From Issues in the Middle East, Atlas, 1973 (120K) Middle East - Earthquakes From Issues in the Middle East, Atlas, 1973 (86K) www.lib.utexas.edu /maps/middle_east.html

Graduate Courses Fall 1996 This seminar is directed toward an examination of various constructions of Middle Eastern race and ethnicity as found in Western and Middle Eastern scholarly literature about the Middle East and in self-representations by Middle Eastern individuals and groups. You will also be expected to acquire a good contextual appreciation of at least one country of the Middle East or North Africa in addition to Egypt, which is amply discussed in the core readings. After a survey of other Persian literary writings in exile prior to the 1979 revolution, the course focuses on the works of the leading Iranian literary figures who have lived and written in exile in the recent decades. menic.utexas.edu /menic/cmes/gradfall96.html

Hoover Institution Library and Archives: Middle East Collection The Middle East Collection participates in a number of interlibrary cooperative efforts and is a founding member of the Middle East Microform Project (MEMP), administered by the Center for Research Libraries in Chicago. Although some of the materials have been cataloged and are listed in the catalogs of the Persian Collection, most are as yet uncataloged and should be requested from the curatorial staff of the collection. Archival holdings on the Middle East are included in Guide to the Hoover Institution Archives, by Charles G. Palm and Dale Reed (1980), and in special supplements and lists issued by the archives. www-hoover.stanford.edu /hila/middleeast.htm

Iranica.com - MITHRA IN MANICHEISM The divine title of Mithra in Middle Persian and Parthian Manichean texts is invariably yazad (divinity), which differs from the Old Persian convention that regarded Mithra as a baga- (q.v.), if a title was given to him at all. The Sogdians developed a terminological system of their pantheon that combined Middle Persian and Parthian components, but, in the identification of Mithra, they followed the Parthian model (Sundermann, 1979a, p. 107-9) is that Mani, the creator of the Middle Persian terminological system, developed and completed his system in the course of his missionary career. www.iranica.com /articles/sup/Mithra.html

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