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Topic: Midget submarine

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	(1939 - 1952) Midget Submarines
		By September 1943, the six X5 Class midget submarines and their hand-picked, highly trained crews were ready to undertake a mission that was to write a chapter in the history of submarine warfare.
		As can be expected, towing midgets reduced the endurance of submarines - the S Class, for example, had a 30 per cent reduction in endurance, and the comparable figure for the larger T Class was 5 1/2 per cent.
		Midget submarines were used to reconnoitre landing beaches, etc prior to the Normandy invasion in June 1944, and on D-Day itself several acted as navigation beacons well inshore to guide the first assault wave.
	www.submariners.co.uk /Boats/Barrowbuilt/Midget (1302 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Midget Submarines at Pearl Harbor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Once launched, the midget submarines were supposed to sneak into Pearl Harbor and launch their torpedo attack around 10 AM during a brief lull between two waves of air strikes.
		As the submarine was turning towards the harbor entrance to escape, it was struck by a series of concussion waves that caused it to break the surface of the water and pitch vertically.
		Furthermore, it seems illogical that a midget submarine would have risked being in that location of the harbor at the same time that Japanese aircraft were dropping their torpedoes to attack Battleship Row.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/hydrodynamics/q0280.shtml (3242 words)

	USS ARIZONA MEMORIAL: Submerged Cultural Resources Study (Chapter 2)
		In Japan, submarine development included "midget" submarines, and "while some scoffed at the potential of small undersea craft, others were deadly serious in a belief in their capability of dealing destructive blows to the enemy." (Stewart 1974:55).
		The crews of the midgets, readying for war but not yet knowing their target, were notified in mid-October 1941 to concentrate their training on Pearl Harbor and Singapore, while the Sixth Submarine Fleet's large submarines were modified to carry the midgets piggy-back across the Pacific.
		Five I-class fleet submarines, I-16, I-18, I-20, I-22 and I-24 of the First Submarine Squadron, Sixth Submarine Fleet, each carrying a Type A midget, were designated as the "Special Attack Force." The midget submarines' mission was to covertly slip into Pearl Harbor, wait until the attack, and then each launch their two torpedoes.
	www.nps.gov /usar/scrs/scrs2y.htm (1662 words)

	CDNN :: Divers find Japanese WWII midget submarine off Oahu
		An Imperial Navy midget submarine was involved in battle with an American destroyer an hour before the Pearl Harbor attack and sank a mile or so off the harbor entrance.
		Midget submarines captured off Okinawa were almost identical to the Pearl Harbor midgets, said James Delgado, director of the Vancouver Maritime Museum, who keeps a file on missing Japanese submarines.
		At dawn on Dec. 7, a midget submarine was observed attempting to follow the cargo ship Antares past the anti-torpedo nets that closed off the harbor entrance.
	www.cdnn.info /industry/i010907/i010907.html (981 words)

	IMPERIAL JAPANESE NAVY MYSTERIES
		The letter was written to stress the gravity of the wartime situation, six weeks after Pearl Harbor was attacked by five Japanese midget submarines, three of which were sunk by US warships, as well as the aircraft.
		A composite of midgets 21 and 14, sunk at the net, was fashioned and displayed in a 4000km truck journey from Sydney to Melbourne, Adelaide and Canberra, where it was installed in the War Memorial in April, 1943.
		The pride of place of the Japanese midget is acknowleged as legitimate by veterans of the Australian submarine and anti-submarine services but they are pressing for a display featuring models of British X-craft in which many Australians served because of their training in those areas.
	www.combinedfleet.com /Tully/sydney42.html (1756 words)

	Naval History Magazine: Pearl Harbor Attack from Below, by Rodgaard, Hsu, Lucas, Biache (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Since the midget torpedoes were Type 97, which contained a 1,000-pound warhead, and the air-drop torpedoes were Type 91, which had a 452-pound warhead, the explosive energy to be considered in the underwater explosion analysis ranges from 452 to 1,000 pounds.
		Thus, the midget submarine is within the cavitation zone and was buffeted by a vertical motion, exposing the conning tower and its contra-rotating propellers.
		During this time, the submarine was struck by a series of concussion waves struck the submarine; because of a loss of trim owing to the release of her torpedoes, the effects of her speed, and the oncoming concussions, the midget broached the surface as she was buffeted by cavitation effects.
	www.usni.org /navalhistory/Articles99/Nhrodgaard.htm (3344 words)

	Midget submarine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Midget submarines normally work with mother ships which they are launched and recovered from, and which provide living accommodation for the crew and other support.
		One of the five midget submarines was shot and sunk by the USS Ward as when it was spotted trying to enter Pearl Harbor.
		Of three midget submarines launched then, two (M22 and M27) were destroyed by harbour defences and recovered by Australian defenders; the third (M24) remains buried at sea; its discovery was reported in November 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Midget_submarine (767 words)

	HA-19 National Historic Landmark Nomination
		Midget Submarine Haramaki (Ha.) 19, a prize of war and for 24 years an exhibit of the Key West Art and Historical Association at the Key West Lighthouse Museum in Florida, has been returned to its owners, the United States Navy, and is currently in storage at NAS Key West.
		In Japan, submarine development included "midget" submarines; "while some scoffed at the potential of small undersea craft, others were deadly serious in a belief in their capability of dealing destructive blows to the enemy." [11] In 1933, Capt. Kishimoto Kaneji, I.J.N., designed two torpedoshaped midgets as auxiliary weapons to be carried by fast surface vessels.
		By the aid of a jury mast, a heavy sled of 12- by 12-inch timbers, and an army tractor, the submarine was hauled higher on the beach.
	www.cr.nps.gov /maritime/nhl/ha19nhl.htm (4342 words)

	Atomic Midgets
		The Royal Navy planned to build midget submarines capable of planting a nuclear weapon inside Russian harbours, documents newly released at the Public record Office have revealed.
		Even the American Navy was nowhere near ready to fire atomic warheads from the sea and in Britain the historic rivalry for funds and prestige between the Royal Navy and RAF was at a post-war peak.
		It was specified that the submarine should be able to operate in very low temperatures, indicating that the principal targets for the weapon would be the Arctic Ocean Ports of the Soviet Union like Murmansk and Archangel.
	www.submariners.co.uk /Dits/Articles/atomicmidgets.htm (753 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log--Midget Submarines
		Meanwhile, Japanese Submarines I16, I18, I20, all carrying a Midget Submarine on deck left Penang for the invasion area, the Squadron leader I10, carried a scouting seaplane.
		These Japanese Submarines were:- I 21, (with an aircraft) I 22 (carrying Midget No.21) I 24 (carrying Midget A. It was given this designation, as this craft was not recovered, and her number is thus not known) I 27 (carrying Midget No.14) and finally, I 29 (probably with a damaged aircraft on board.)
		Midget A, with Sub Lieutenant Katsushisa Ban, and Petty Officer Marmoru Ashibe, and Midget 21, with Lieutenant Keiu Matsuo, and Petty.
	ahoy.tk-jk.net /Underwater/26MidgetSubmarines.html (3044 words)

	Photo Page 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Submarine I-24 was commanded by CDR Hiroshi Hanabusa, the midget Ha-19 submarine by Ensign Sakamaki Kazuo with Chief Warrant Officer Inagaki Kiyoshi as crew member.
		The midget subs mission was to slip in the harbor and torpedo as many warships as possible left over from the air attack.
		Midget “A” was hit in the conning tower by the USS Ward using surface batteries, then depth charged.
	users4.ev1.net /~kagemusha/photo14.htm (533 words)

	OK … UFOs go in and out of water
		It has been suggested that large seaplanes could carry midget submarines to their destination and later return to take them on board for return to friendly territory.
		A seaplane capable of carrying a small submarine would probably weigh a half million pounds or more, be prohibitively expensive, and be a conspicuous and desirable target for the enemy's air-defense systems.
		The basic problem is suggested by the very term "flying submarine." The vehicle's density must be comparable with that of conventional aircraft of roughly equivalent performance, yet must be susceptible of increase to that required for operation in its alternate medium, water, in order to submerge, cruise, and hover beneath the surface with minimum power.
	waterufo.net /flyingsubs/NavyFlyingSubHtml1.htm (2072 words)

	Pearl Harbor
		The mission of the five midget submarines was to sneak into the harbor and wait for the air raid.
		The fate of that submarine remains one of the lingering mysteries of the Pearl Harbor attack.
		Although historians have traditionally minimized the impact of the midget submarines on the surprise raid, the program reveals recent photo analysis that contradicts the conventional view.
	www.ngcasia.com /explore/pearlharbor/ms_story.html (833 words)

	Midget Submarine attack on Sydney Harbour on 31 May 1942
		Submarine I-21 later took part in an attack of a different kind when it shelled Newcastle on 8 June 1942.
		It was midget submarine A from I-24 (M24).
		Midget Submarine A (M24) from I-24 was never found and the crew were presumed dead as follows:-
	home.st.net.au /~dunn/japsubs/midgetsubs.htm (745 words)

	National Archives of Australia - Fact Sheet 192 - Japanese midget submarine attacks on Sydney, 1942 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The outer-harbour defences detected the entry of the first midget submarine at about 8.00pm, but it was not identified until it became entangled in an anti-torpedo net that was suspended between George's Head and Green Point.
		The third submarine was sighted by HMAS Yandra at the entrance to the harbour and was depth-charged.
		The two submarines that were recovered were identical, and their remains were used to reconstruct a complete submarine, which toured New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia before being delivered to the Australian War Memorial in Canberra in 1943, where it remains on display.
	www.naa.gov.au /Publications/fact_sheets/fs192.html (755 words)

	Japanese Midget Submarine
		The Japanese midget sub was one of five attached to five I-class mother submarines and brought from Japan to be launched 5-6 hours before the aerial attack, within a few miles of Pearl Harbor.
		The Japanese midget submarines although believed at the time to be a potent secret weapon, in actual fact, were never highly effective.
		While four depth charges were dropped directly on the midget as the Ward passed by, the charges were set to go off at a depth of 100 feet and the submarine was at the surface.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /HURL/midget.html (1643 words)

	Japanese Navy Ships--Ha-19 (Midget Submarine, 1938-1941)
		In November-December 1941, she was transported aboard the larger submarine I-24 to the waters off Pearl Harbor, where she was one of five midget submarines launched to participate on the 7 December Japanese raid.
		The submarine and her pilot, Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki, were captured on 8 December.
		Since it presumably came from the midget submarine HA-19, which was unsuccessful in its attempts to enter the harbor, these details probably represent expected ship locations and intended maneuvers by the submarine.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-h/ha19.htm (718 words)

	Japanese Navy Ship Types--Type A, B & C Midget Submarines
		Transported on board large I type submarines, the midgets were launched near the entrance to Pearl Harbor the night before the attack was to begin.
		This submarine had been sunk by USS Monaghan (DD-354) in Pearl Harbor during the 7 December 1941 Japanese attack and was subsequently recovered and buried in a landfill.
		This midget submarine, which took part in the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, was recovered outside the harbor entrance in 1960.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-fornv/japan/japtp-ss/mdg-a-2.htm (985 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		White Regadrella sponges growing on the hull of the "midget" submarine near Pearl Harbor are a barometer of the warship's untouched condition -- it takes several decades for sponges to reach this size.
		A recent analysis by HURL's Kerby of the first encounter off the airport reef runway shows that the midget submarine is in excellent condition, virtually untouched since the moment it struck bottom in 1941.
		It is possible that the shell shattered on the periscope and that small holes from subsequent shrapnel damage in the hull are not visible through the thin layer of marine growth, noted Kerby.
	starbulletin.com /2002/12/16/news/story10.html (773 words)

	About Facts Net
		The midget submarine attack on Sydney Harbour on the night of 31 May-1 June 1942 brought home the threat to Australia’s extensive coastline, harbours and sea lanes.
		Shortly before 3am, a third midget submarine entered the harbour but was attacked by patrol boats.
		On 8 June, one of the “mother” submarines bombarded Sydney, with shells landing in Rose Bay, Woollahra and Bellevue Hill, but nobody was hurt.
	aboutfacts.net /War16.htm (641 words)

	Type A Midget Submarine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		One of five midget subs attached to five I-class 'mother' submarines (I-16, I-18, I-20, I-22 and I-24) to be launched 5-6 hours before the aerial attack, within a few miles of Pearl Harbor, to penetrate the harbor.
		Four of the five original midget submarines attacking Pearl Harbor have been found.
		Dubbed "Midget D" by the USN, as the fourth sub discovered from the attack.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /ships/ijn/midget-d.html (134 words)

	We All Live in a Midget Submarine - FileFront Gaming Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Since 1935, the Italian navy had been experimenting with explosive motor boats, midget subs and human torpedoes based on the idea of the Duke of Spoleto, and in 1940, this unit was formed.
		Submarines own us all, those midget submarines are pretty funny.
		I remember those two midget submarins used by the British trying to bypass the anti-torpedo nets surrounding the Tirpitz in her fjord (Norway) planting explosive (mines) under her belly.
	www.gamingforums.com /showthread.php?t=230222 (1590 words)

	Return to Faq
		The green reported by the commander of the destroyer that sunk the midget sub was due to a thick layer of algae covering the sub's upper surface.
		The captured PH midget was loaned to the Nimitz museum years ago, with the intent of having it returned to PH.
		Submarine Commander, by Schratz, 1988; memoirs of a WW2 sub captain who stayed on in Japan for the occupation and was one of the officers in charge of the de-mobilization of Japan's sub fleet.
	www.j-aircraft.com /faq/submarine.htm (10145 words)

	One35th present the German midget submarine - reference books
		Author Paul Kemp discusses why the major navies engaged in midget submarine construction, and then details all the types of craft that were built.
		They are broadly divided into three groups : human torpedoes, true midget submarines, and the suicidal machines threat were as lethal to their operators as they were to the enemy.
		Charts the history of submarines from the earliest submersibles to giant nuclear submarines and state-of-the-art deep sea vehicles.
	www.one35th.com /submarine/sub_ref.htm (1372 words)

	Page Title
		There were three midget submarines accounted for of the five that attacked Pearl Harbor.
		This was the Sakamaki midget commonly called the I-24, after the big fleet submarine that had carried it piggyback across the Pacific Ocean to attack Pearl Harbor on that Sunday morning of December 7, 1941, now so long ago.
		In 1964, with curtailment of activities at the Key West naval base, the I-24 midget submarine was placed on "permanent" (but indefinite) loan and moved to the Mariner's Lighthouse Museum in the town of Key West.
	www.pacshiprev.com /PacificArchivesSubDirectory/page18.html (593 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The submarine was one of three that slipped into the harbour on the night of May 31 1942 after being launched from a fleet of five larger Japanese submarines offshore.
		Two of the midget vessels were spotted and attacked, leading the two-man crews to commit suicide, Australian national archives record.
		The submarine, which went on sea trials on June 24, would be leased to the Indian Navy after its formal induction in to the Russian Pacific Fleet next year, Vedomosti daily reported on Saturday.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/k-submarine/browse (5559 words)

	Scuba Diving: Midget Submarine XE8: Submarines: Submerged Productions
		At our briefing sessions, I was led to believe that the submarine had been used as a practice sonar target for some years and was now deemed to be 'excess to requirements' by the Navy.
		A heavy steel cable was attached from the submarine to the buoy and it was left in position as a warning to shipping.
		In this case, the previously fouled area around the submarine had cleared itself squeaky clean as a result of Alan's' deployment of the explosives, and the series of shackles were then expertly at- tached by the rest of the divers.
	www.submerged.co.uk /xe8submarine.php (2349 words)

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