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Drosophila tissue and organ development: Endoderm The midgut is derived from the anterior and posterior midgut primordia during the process of gastrulation [Images]. The anterior midgut is formed from the anterior midgut primordium; the posterior midgut is derived from the posterior midgut primordium, and the midgut proper is derived from endodermal cells that migrate from both anterior and posterior primordia. These midgut expression profiles were compared to those reported for salivary glands at and after 10 hr APF, when a prepupal pulse of ecdysone triggers apoptosis in that tissue; almost the entire genetic cascade was found to be similarly activated in salivary glands and midgut albeit at two distinct periods of development. www.sdbonline.org /fly/aimorph/midgut.htm   (2542 words)

Markus Egert 2003 6659 Six midgut clones were closely related (96% sequence similarity) to Turicibacter sanguinis, a recently described strictly anaerobic gram-positive bacterium isolated from a blood sample of a human with acute appendicitis (4). Since the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were 57 and 186 for the midgut community and 72 and 214 for the hindgut community, species richness in the hindgut is not significantly higher than that in the midgut (26). The dramatic changes in the physicochemical conditions between the midgut and hindgut of scarabaeid beetle larvae (35) are in good agreement with the major differences in the bacterial community structure: the relative dominance of 16S rRNA genes of Actinobacteria in the midgut and of members of the CFB phylum in the hindgut. www.bionewsonline.com /e/a/markus_egert_2003_6659.htm   (6164 words)

Phytopathology: Dynamics of tomato spotted wilt virus replication in the alimentary canal of two thrips species   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) The ligaments between the midgut and salivary glands appeared to be a route for virus to invade the salivary glands. Nimilarly, in Thrips setosus, the lack of virus transmission was related to the restriction of virus to the midgut of larva, preventing virus movement to the salivary glands (17). The midgut is composed of a single layer of epithelial cells separated from the midgut lumen by the peritrophic matris. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4061/is_200207/ai_n9097698   (1354 words)

Molecular interactions between Anopheles stephensi midgut cells and Plasmodium berghei: the time bomb theory of ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) The specimen in (B) is the same as that in (A), at higher magnification, comparing the nucleus of a healthy cell with that of an invaded cell that protruded to the lumen. Compare the microvilli density on the surface of an invaded cell (white box in the ml plane) with that of a healthy cell (white box in the bl plane). An actin ring is formed at the base of the cell, in the plane of the basal lamina (bl). www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v19/n22/fig_tab/7593417f3.html   (313 words)

I A mechanism of regulation of activity of midgut proteinases is proposed based on pH-stability of inhibitors. Compartmentalization of proteinases, amylases, and pH in the midgut of Nauphoeta cinerea Oliv. The possible physiological role of the proteinase inhibitors and, particularly, their partici pation in regulation of digestion in the midgut of N. cinerea are discussed. www.genebee.msu.su /ann2001.html   (9916 words)

TDR Progress 1999-2000: New Basic Knowledge The localization of peptides that act as signals for the malaria parasite in the midgut is being investigated, and a new high-quality cDNA library has been generated, containing genes expected to be expressed in the adult female midgut. Immune reactions have been demonstrated at the molecular level in the midgut and salivary gland epithelia, in haemocytes, and in the fat body (the insect equivalent of the liver). Cell lines of mosquito midgut and immune cells have been generated — midguts of early 4th, and perhaps 3rd, larval stages (where most multiplication occurs) were found to be the most successful for this. www.who.int /tdr/research/progress9900/knowledge/entomology2.htm   (832 words)

Molecular interactions between Anopheles stephensi midgut cells and Plasmodium berghei: the time bomb theory of ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Immunofluorescence staining of midguts with anti-NOS, anti-vATPase and anti-Pbs21. Paskewitz,S.M., Brown,M.R., Lea,A.O. and Collins,F.H. (1988) Ultrastructure of the encapsulation of Plasmodium cynomolgi (B strain) on the midgut of a refractory strain of Anopheles gambiae. Vernick,K.D., Fujioka,H. and Aikawa,M. Plasmodium gallinaceum: a novel morphology of malaria ookinetes in the midgut of the mosquito vector. embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/19/22/6030   (7477 words)

STUDIES ON CULTURED AND UNCULTURED MICROBIOTA OF WILD CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS MOSQUITO MIDGUT BASED ON 16S RIBOSOMAL RNA ... The midgut bacterial flora of wild Aedes triseriatus, Culex pipiens and Psorophora columbiae mosquitoes. Microbial isolations from the midgut of Culex tarsalis Coquillett. Effect of midgut bacterial flora of Aedes aegypti on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to Dengue viruses. www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/70/6/597   (3660 words)

Mary Chamberlin's Home Page The larva has a very large midgut epithelium, which is involved in digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as ion homeostasis. In order to understand how the midgut cells deal with this problem, my research employs metabolic control analysis to quantify how oxidative phosphorylation is altered during programmed cell death. Changes in midgut active ion transport and metabolism during the fifth instar of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). www.biosci.ohiou.edu /faculty/chamberlin   (935 words)

Disruption of Plasmodium falciparum Chitinase Markedly Impairs Parasite Invasion of Mosquito Midgut -- Tsai et al. 69 ... The Plasmodium ookinete is the developmental stage of the malaria parasite that invades the mosquito midgut. Disruption of the PfCHT1 gene markedly impairs parasite invasion of the mosquito midgut. Invasion in vitro of mosquito midgut cells by the malaria parasite proceeds by a conserved mechanism and results in death of the invaded midgut cells. iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/6/4048   (3989 words)

ARS | Publication request: Apoptosis in Cultured Midgut Cells from Heliothis Virescens Larvae Exposed to Various ... Toxins and pathogens tend to destroy the midgut as they move through it into the insect's body, yet the midgut often repairs itself, allowing the insect to live and eat more. We found that many of the differentiated cells of the midgut tend to die by apoptosis (programmed cell death) in response to starvation-like or toxic environments, essentially making the gut smaller and presenting fewer susceptible cells to damage. Thus, exposure of cultures of H. virescens midgut cells to adverse environments such as unsuitable or poisonous media appeared to induce down-regulation of the cell populations by apoptosis. ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=110921   (455 words)

Fact Sheet for PjNOB I or Baculoviral Midgut (=hepatopancreas) Gland Necrosis Virus (BMNV) Type C baculovirus of Penaeus monodon (TCBV), midgut gland cloudy disease, white turbid liver disease, and white turbidity disease of Kuruma shrimp (Lightner, 1996). Baculoviral midgut gland necrosis virus is a rod shaped, enveloped, non-occluded virion (Arimoto et al., 1995). Morphology: The baculoviral midgut gland necrosis virus (BMNV) is a rod-shaped, enveloped virus with a tail-like appendage from one end (Arimoto et al., 1995). nis.gsmfc.org /nis_factsheet.php?toc_id=1   (1013 words)

Title of Invention: Cell line isolated from larval midgut tissue of Trichoplusia ni This invention relates to cell lines developed from differentiated tissue of insects, including midgut tissue; particularly, to cell lines which are susceptible to baculoviruses and may be used to replicate such viruses. These crystal proteins act on the midgut cells of the insects, binding to specific midgut cell membrane receptors (Hofmann et al., Specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis.delta.-endotoxins is correlated with the presence of high-affinity binding sites in the brush border membrane of target insect midguts, Proc. Furthermore, the line derived from Trichoplusia ni midgut cells (BTI-TN-MG1) may be particularly useful for studying the mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis crystalline insecticidal proteins, which acts on the midgut of the larval stage of several species of lepidoptera. www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1994patents/05298418.html   (5097 words)

TheFetus.net - Midgut volvulus-D. Thomas, J.P. Goolaerts, L. Watkins, C. Autin, P. Barlow Etiology: The delayed return of the fetal midgut in the abdomen has been reported to result in midgut volvulus as well as other midgut pathologies as intestinal obstruction and short bowel syndrome (2). Normally the midgut returns into the abdominal cavity when the embryo reaches 40mm of length. A case of absence of the small intestine musculature associated with intrauterine volvulus has been reported by Morikawa et al (4), they speculate that the etiology of the muscle defect could be secondary to an ischemic event. www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=1036   (1957 words)

Induction of Mosquitocidal Activity in Mice Immunized with Anopheles gambiae Midgut cDNA -- Foy et al. 71 (4): 2032 -- ... it is exposed on the lumenal surface of midgut cells. The recombinant mucin contains a multihistidine tag which may contribute to the observed nonspecific cross-reactivity from several different control groups, and background reactivity is apparent on all blood-fed midgut lanes (lanes 2) due to nonspecific cross-reactivity of the secondary antibody with blood meal components. Anti-mosquito midgut antibodies block development of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in multiple species of Anopheles mosquitoes and reduce vector fecundity and survivorship. iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/4/2032   (4828 words)

Mohammed Shahabuddin Ph.D., Investigator; Medical Entomology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) The molecular basis of this early recognition of the midgut before the parasite invades the tissue are under investigation. We earlier discovered a specific subset of cells in the mosquito midgut that are preferentially invaded by the parasite. Ross cells are distributed in the posterior end of the posterior midgut. www.niaid.nih.gov /dir/labs/lpd/shahabuddin.htm   (707 words)

ARS | Publication request: Stimulation of Midgut Stem Cell Proliferation by Manduca Sexta Arylphorin Interpretive Summary: Artificially cultured insect midgut cells may prove to be a valuable tool in developing assays for the screening of insecticidal compounds, as well as for understanding the physiology of these important cells. We have discovered that a storage protein called alpha-arylphorin, present in fat tissues of the tobacco hornworm, stimulates the proliferation of midgut stem cells from the tobacco budworm in culture. This discovery should be of interest to scientists conducting basic research on insect gut physiology, and to those studying the interactions of pathogens or toxins within the insect gut. ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=144511   (323 words)

A GPI-linked carbonic anhydrase expressed in the larval mosquito midgut -- Seron et al. 207 (26): 4559 -- Journal of ... inhibition of alkalization) of the anterior midgut lumen was fibers of the anterior and posterior midgut (Fig. In addition, numerous trachea are heavily labeled along the length of the midgut (arrows). jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/207/26/4559   (7448 words)

Ultrastructural Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego on Midgut Cells of the Cottonwood Leaf Beetle1   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) san diego were made on midgut epithelial cells of the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F. Larvae imbibed a droplet of B. thuringiensis var. Sections of midgut were prepared for transmission electron microscopy at 15-min intervals during the first hour and then hourly for a duration of 3 hr. At this time midgut epithelial cells from treated larvae appeared more elongated and swollen than cells observed from control larvae, with the apical region of the cell bulging into the gut lumen. www.ncrs.fs.fed.us /pubs/viewpub.asp?key=2007   (326 words)

Altweb-In Vitro Animal Journal   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Growth factor-like peptides (midgut differentiation factors 1 and 2 [MDF1 and MDF2]), isolated from conditioned medium containing Manduca sexta midgut cells, may be representative of endogenous midgut signaling molecules. Exposing the cultured midgut cells to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin caused large numbers of mature differentiated cells to die, but the massive cell death simultaneously induced a 150-200% increase in the numbers of midgut stem and differentiating cells. However, after the toxin was washed out, the proportions of cell types returned to near-control levels within 2 days indicating endogenous control of cell-population dynamics. altweb.jhsph.edu /publications/journals/iva/iva37_6/iva37_6f.htm   (281 words)

Cross-Epithelial Hydrogen Transfer from the Midgut Compartment Drives Methanogenesis in the Hindgut of Cockroaches -- ... The strong accumulation of hydrogen in the midgut of Blaberus sp. of isolated midgut and hindgut segments of Blaberus sp. in the midgut and stimulates methanogenesis in the hindgut (20). aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/10/4657   (2805 words)

Untitled Document   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) The midgut is an important interface between the insects and the environment. Amylase, maltase and aminopeptidase were assayed in the midgut of the four insect larvae and adults of P. Based on their activities, amylase and maltase are probably secretory enzymes and aminopeptidase is at least in part membrane bound. lamar.colostate.edu /~insects/systems/digestion/ad_migutsurvey.html   (382 words)

Final Report No.15 - Malaria: discovery of new cell type in mosquitos may lead to new strategies for blocking malaria ... Since crossing of the midgut is essential for completion of the parasite cycle in the mosquito, this discovery may lead to new strategies for blocking malaria transmission. Electron microscopy suggested that ookinetes interact with 3 types of structures on the midgut surface: a fibrous network which appears to be distinct from the peritrophic matrix; microvilli; and vesicular structures of unknown origin that are found interspersed between the microvillated cells of the midgut. These results show that midgut epithelium invasion occurs in at least two steps: the parasite attaches to the epithelium via a carbohydrate-containing ligand, then invades a specific cell type (Ross cell), presumably through interaction with a specific ligand. www.who.int /tdr/research/finalreps/no15.htm   (503 words)

Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes adhere specifically to the midgut epithelium of Aedes aegypti by interaction with a ... Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes adhere specifically to the midgut epithelium of Aedes aegypti by interaction with a carbohydrate ligand -- Zieler et al. adhesion of ookinetes to the midgut surface is necessary for sporogonic Chemical modification of the midguts with sodium periodate at pH 5.5 jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/202/5/485   (667 words)

The Midgut Epithelium of Aquatic Arthropods: A Critical Target Organ in Environmental Toxicology   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) The midgut epithelium of aquatic arthropods is emerging as an important and toxicologically relevant organ system for monitoring environmental pollution. The peritrophic matrix of aquatic arthropods, which is secreted by the midgut epithelium cells, is perturbed by copper or cadmium. Molecular biological studies have identified and characterized two midgut genes induced by heavy metals in the midgut epithelium. ehp.niehs.nih.gov /docs/2002/suppl-6/911-914beaty/abstract.html   (287 words)

Virtual Hospital: Radiology Resident Case of the Week: Malrotation with Midgut Volvulus Early in gestation the midgut herniates outside the abdominal cavity. A history of bilious vomiting in a neonate requires immediate investigation with plain film and upper GI study. With midgut volvulus, time is of the essence and a delay in diagnosis can lead to destruction of the entire midgut leaving the patient either dead, or with only a stomach, duodenum and left colon. www.janela1.com /vh/docs/v0001153.htm   (328 words)

Expression of Equi Merozoite Antigen 2 during Development of Babesia equi in the Midgut and Salivary Gland of the ... Expression of Equi Merozoite Antigen 2 during Development of Babesia equi in the Midgut and Salivary Gland of the Vector Tick Boophilus microplus -- Ueti et al. Expression of Equi Merozoite Antigen 2 during Development of Babesia equi in the Midgut and Salivary Gland of the Vector Tick Boophilus microplus Specific expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 salivary gland variants occurs in the midgut and is an early event during tick transmission. jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/41/12/5803   (2817 words)

Epithelium formation in the Drosophila midgut depends on the interaction of endoderm and mesoderm -- Tepass and ... Epithelium formation in the Drosophila midgut depends on the interaction of endoderm and mesoderm Furthermore, we have analyzed the midgut phenotype of embryos Migration of the Drosophila primordial midgut cells requires coordination of diverse PS integrin functions dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/120/3/579   (704 words)

The Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin-induced permeability change in Manduca sexta midgut brush border membrane ... The Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin-induced permeability change in Manduca sexta midgut brush border membrane vesicles proceeds by more than one mechanism -- Carroll et al. Cry1Ac binding protein is concentrated in the posterior midgut region of M. sexta. Silencing of Midgut Aminopeptidase N of Spodoptera litura by Double-stranded RNA Establishes Its Role as Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Receptor jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/110/24/3099   (379 words)

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