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Topic: Migrant labour system

	The Global Inter-Connection - Ch.5
		Migrant labour has become the mainstay of that country's mining industry and a critical component of its labour market.
		Migrants throughout the world suffer the stigmatization of their host country's population, but this sense of otherness is heightened by the political and social conditions that exists in South Africa.
		Another outcome of the current labour system is that investment shemes in Lesotho which require significant numbers of workers often must import labour from neighboring countries.
	www.undp.org /hiv/publications/book/bkchap05.htm (2312 words)

	migrant labour
		It was based on a cynical and thoroughly worked out system whereby people in the rural areas where made to be third class citizens in their own country, in that they were prevented from moving around the country freely.
		So the migrant workers unions were the last unions to get off the ground in the sense that the migrant workers, especially in the domestic arena, were extremely conservative.
		Migrant workers often undercut the salaries of urban workers because they were prepared to work for less.
	www.johnnyclegg.com /miglab.htm (3750 words)

	Great Depression - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, a mother of seven children, age 32, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.
		Monetarists, including Milton Friedman and Ben Bernanke, stress the negative role of the Federal Reserve System.
		[In August 1931] the System raised discount rates sharply....The measure was also accompanied by a spectacular increase in bank failures and runs on banks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Depression (4545 words)

	Apartheid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It was the name of the policy and the system of laws implemented and enforced by "White" minority governments in South Africa from 1948 till 1990.
		The report recommended that segregation in the cities be ended, thus also ending the migrant labour system whereby the permanent home of Black South Africans was in distant rural "reserves".
		It immediately began implementing stricter racial segregation policies, creating the system of "Apartheid" which was to last for 42 years until it was dismantled in 1990 by F.W. de Klerk.
	encyclopedia.onlinereference.info /index.php/Apartheid (2835 words)

	CONTRACT MIGRATION TO SOUTH AFRICA
		The primary intervention was between 1913 and 1930 during the period of the so-called "Tropical Labour Ban." Miners from the region died from pneumonia and other lung diseases died in such numbers on the South African mines that the government imposed a total ban on the recruitment of workers from north of 22degrees south latitude.
		Migrant workers everywhere are known to remit a large proportion of their earnings to their home countries.
		Contractors' labour is temporary labour, generally not unionised and exempted from wage rates negotiated between the NUM and the Chamber of Mines.
	www.queensu.ca /samp/transform/Crush.htm (6504 words)

	Apartheid - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Apartheid (International Phonetic Alphabet [əˈpɑː(r)teɪt] or [-taɪt] in English and [aˈpartheid] in Afrikaans) is the policy and the system of laws implemented and continued by "White" minority governments in South Africa from 1948 to 1990; and by extension any legally sanctioned system of racial segregation.
		The first recorded use of the word, which means "separateness" in Afrikaans and Dutch, was in 1917 during a speech by Jan Smuts, who became Prime Minister of South Africa in 1919.
		It immediately began implementing stricter racial segregation policies, creating the system of "apartheid" which was to last for 42 years until it was dismantled in 1990 by F.W. de Klerk, after decades of domestic protest led by the African National Congress and extensive international outcry.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Apartheid (2839 words)

	Korean Confederation of Trade Unions
		The pursuit of exclusionary 'flexibilisation' aimed purely at a radical retrenchment of workers' welfare, working conditions, and labour rights, alongside the continued denial of freedom of association and absence of a system of social protection, was met with an explosion of anger.
		The government and business are intent on retrenching the system of regular employment to replace it with an expanded system of subcontracting, a multi-tier wage structure, and an increase in irregular employment based on various forms of contract labour, such as temporary, part-time, daily, and dispatched labour.
		Furthermore, KCTU has begun a campaign to organise migrant workers into geographically-defined unions and enterprise level unions, as it recognises that unions are the most effective means to defend the rights and welfare of migrant workers and to develop solidarity between migrant and local workers.
	kctu.org /2003/html/sub_01.php (2769 words)

	New Zealand Association for Migration and Investment For Industry Professionals.NZAMI.
		New Zealand's national interests in immigration are easily defined; to get more of the skills and labour we need to support economic growth; to keep our borders secure, and to assist migrants to settle and contribute once they get here.
		Attracting and retaining skilled migrants is crucial to the Labour-led Government's vision for this country.
		The new Active Investor Migrant policy is firmly focused on investment in New Zealand's economy, to the benefit of all New Zealanders.
	www.nzami.co.nz /IMMIGRATION-SERVICES/Industry-Professionals.aspx (3191 words)

	Migrant Workers - Home
		Part of the labour shortfall is being supplied by Central and Eastern European countries, the new EU members or candidates for EU membership.
		Migrant workers raise national economic output by expanding the supply of labour and by filling gaps in the job market.
		Flexible communication tools for migrant workers and their employers: what they have to know about living in the UK and employing migrant workers.
	www.migrantworkers.co.uk (808 words)

	Volunteers for Social Justice - Dalit Dasta Virodhi Andolan
		The state of Punjab denies any kind of Bonded Labour or forced labour in the state.The present case reveals that the forced labour in the agricultural sector in the form of local as well as migrant labour is still prevailing at a large.
		The bonded labourer family admits to the extent that they are in debt bondage, but the employer is not paying any wages for their survival.
		Babal Singh, a Dalit labourer and resident of Village Laughiane (Baghapurane) District Moga, Punjab, India was killed and thrown in the canal by his landlord Lakhvir Singh and his son Sarwan Singh of the same village for refused to work in his field.
	www.vsj-ddva.org /news.html (3629 words)

	Lwandle Migrant Labour Museum » Home
		We are easy to find: Situated on the N2 outside Somerset West, en route to Hermanus and the Garden Route.
		Located in the former community hall, our museum exhibits commemorate the trials, tribulations and triumphs of migrant workers and hostel life in Southern Africa.
		You have viewed the exhibition, visited Hostel 33, charted with the locals now is the time to digest historic moments, take a deep breath and enjoy African menu and other variety of delicious foods with comfort of soft African contemporary jazz in the Imbizo Restaurant.
	www.lwandle.com (322 words)

	Migration Policy Institute (MPI) Home Page
		The world’s largest migrant welfare fund, the Philippines’ Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA), shows that countries of origin can institutionalize protection of migrant workers through a mechanism for repatriation, provision of insurance and loans, and education and training.
		However, the Philippine case also highlights the importance of meeting the core needs of overseas workers without overextending the government’s capacity; establishing political, administrative, and financial transparency and accountability; and effectively using government resources.
		A functioning migration system in Europe must treat sending and transit countries as genuine partners.
	www.migrationpolicy.org (608 words)

	United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) East and Southeast Asia
		To raise awareness on the use of CEDAW to protect the rights of women migrant workers, UNIFEM and the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare of Lao PDR is organising a training workshop on Gender and CEDAW in Migration.
		The purpose of the workshop on 30-31 May 2007 in Vientiane is to raise awareness among government officials, recruitment agencies, NGOs and other stake holders.
		Bangkok, Voices of women migrants heard, NGOs to use international treaty to promote the rights of women migrant workers.
	unifem-eseasia.org (1217 words)

	Nelson Mandela
		They were supposed to move to the fl homelands and set up businesses and practices there.
		Yet, these officially recorded cases were only the tip of the iceberg, with some estimates placing the actual number of HIV-positive cases at close to one million in 1995.
		Fuelled by the entrenched migrant labour system at South Africa's mines, AIDS is est...
	www.experiencefestival.com /nelson_mandela (1136 words)

	Irish Green Card System Announced \| Irish Job News - News on Jobs for Ireland
		The government does need to start some official program, previously there was a system where people could get Irish Workpermits if they had a skill in an industry that was lacking workers (like nursing or tourism in the past).
		Since they introduced the Green System this year, everything at their offices has been delayed a little due to the influx of applicants.
		Instead to have a better system they are doing everthing what they could to waste a money of us -taxpayers.
	www.eirjobs.com /news/irish-green-card-system-announced (6173 words)

	International Law
		International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
		International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICPMW)
		Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
	www.ohchr.org /english/law (1436 words)

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