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Topic: Migrant workers in the United States

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	NOW with Bill Moyers. Politics & Economy. On the Border. Migrant Labor in United States \| PBS
		Always at the bottom of the economic ladder, the migrant labor population was filled time and again with marginalized groups — the poor, immigrants and racial minorities.
		Many start the migrant life in their early 20s and return to their home countries within a few years to live in the homes that were built with U.S. money.
		Workers in the West begin their season in southern California and follow the coast to Washington state or veer inland to North Dakota.
	www.pbs.org /now/politics/migrants.html (989 words)

	International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
		Migrant workers and members of their families shall have the right to have recourse to the protection and assistance of the consular or diplomatic authorities of their State of origin or of a State representing the interests of that State whenever the rights recognized in the present Convention are impaired.
		Migrant workers who in the State of employment are allowed freely to choose their remunerated activity shall neither be regarded as in an irregular situation nor shall they lose their authorization of residence by the mere fact of the termination of their remunerated activity prior to the expiration of their work permits or similar authorizations.
		States Parties concerned shall co-operate as appropriate in the adoption of measures regarding the orderly return of migrant workers and members of their families to the State of origin when they decide to return or their authorization of residence or employment expires or when they are in the State of employment in an irregular situation.
	www.ohchr.org /english/law/cmw.htm (11367 words)

	Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Migrant Farm Workers Recommendations of the Advisory Council for the ...
		In this document, a "migrant farm worker" is defined as a laborer whose principal employment is in agriculture on a seasonal basis and who establishes for the purposes of such employment a temporary abode.
		Follow-Up When a migrant farm worker is departing and requires treatment for active TB, preventive treatment, or diagnostic services, health providers should contact their state health department TB control officers to apprise them of the need for follow-up and of the next possible destination of the farm worker.
		Migrants who are placed on antituberculosis treatment or preventive therapy should be given records they can take with them to indicate their current treatment and diagnostic status.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032773.htm (4959 words)

	americas.org - Farm Workers Riot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Between 800 and 1,000 migrant farm workers in the San Quintin Valley of Baja California rioted July 4, destroying four police cars and 25 local businesses in the town of Lázaro Cárdenas.
		Many of the farm workers are Mixtec Indians from the southern state of Oaxaca, and about 35 percent are under age 14.
		The 3.6 million migrant farm workers in Mexico typically earn 22 pesos, less than three dollars, per day, compared to an average of $32 per day for migrant farm workers in the United States.
	www.americas.org /item_12431 (161 words)

	Protecting migrant workers' rights - The Wire - December 2004 - Amnesty International
		Migrant workers include those who have moved voluntarily in search of economic opportunities, refugees and asylum-seekers who are in paid employment in countries other than their own, and people trafficked for the purpose of labour exploitation.
		Many migrant workers are vulnerable to human rights abuses including restrictions to their freedom of movement, arbitrary detention, discrimination, harassment and physical or sexual violence.
		In the Gulf states, female migrant domestic workers are excluded from the protection of labour laws and are at risk of being subjected to rape or other sexual violence by their employers.
	web.amnesty.org /wire/December2004/migrant_workers (432 words)

	Patterns of Mexican Migration from Mexico to the United States
		Mexico’s migration was initially encouraged by the United States with the construction of the railroad system across borders and with the Bracero Accords in which Mexican workers were recruited to help ease labor force shortages in their economy that resulted due to a number of factors.
		United States history presents critical events that led to their involvement in encouraging migration from Mexico to the United States.
		Workers would be recruited just inside the U.S. border by smugglers who were paid $100 to $200 USD per worker in addition to the fee they received from the migrants (Migration News 2000).
	www1.appstate.edu /~stefanov/proceedings/rodriguez.htm (9748 words)

	Bringing AIDS home to Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		With the growing number of migrant workers entering the United States and subsequently returning to their homelands, more than simply customs, the culture, and language are being transported back to rural Mexico.
		Migrant workers have not dealt with the issue of AIDS in their hometowns in Mexico and are unwilling and skeptical of such an issue here in the United States, a place that is not their home culture (AIDS Now, Mena; Maquiladoras, Musiitwa).
		According to one such migrant worker, Alejandro Villegas Olivares, a construction worker who sent money home to his wife and children, "Drugs were so easy to get." Villegas came to the United States and had an affair with an American woman who used heroin, while he himself started using marijuana, then cocaine, and ultimately heroin.
	www.dickinson.edu /~sullivaj/AIDs.htm (1521 words)

	P.O.V. - Escuela . Migrant Life \| PBS
		Migrant workers in the United States include a diverse population.
		As the migrant worker population in the U.S. swells, public school systems in regions where workers travel for farm jobs and other seasonal work are increasingly burdened by migrant school children, who face immense challenges in their pursuit of education.
		The photography in this gallery was taken by 6- to 14-year-old children of migrant farmworkers in Michigan.
	www.pbs.org /pov/pov2002/escuela/migrant.html (94 words)

	Latin American Migrant Workers in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Migrant laborers are presently and have historically been a source of labor in the United States.
		Migrant workers in rural areas are mainly working on farms.
		The history of undocumented migrant workers is presented to understand why they have become undocumented and why they continue to cross the border to meet the demand for workers.
	www.lclark.edu /~soan221/01wlc/MigrantWorker (258 words)

	Migrant Data Overblown, U.S. And Mexico Find (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		During the last presidential campaign in the United States, some conservatives made immigration a powerful issue, with lurid portrayals of an America overrun by illegal Mexicans, a million of whom were said to pour across the border each year, taking jobs from Americans and driving up welfare costs.
		The Mexican-born population living in the United States numbers 7 million to 7.3 million, of whom 4.7 million to 4.9 million are legal residents and 2.3 million to 2.4 million are "unauthorized residents," the study says.
		In the 1980s some U.S. demographers said the number of undocumented Mexicans living in the United States was far higher; one influential study put the figure at 5 million to 6 million, said Jeffrey Passell, a demographer at the Urban Institute in Washington.
	www-personal.umd.umich.edu /~mtwomey/newspapers/mexmigr.html (1249 words)

	SR.com: Newest political weapon: migrants’ money
		There is a new phenomenon in the Americas that could have a major impact in future Latin American elections: the use of the estimated $30 billion in remittances from migrant workers in the United States as a political weapon.
		That strategy may soon be used by candidates in Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador and other countries that are highly dependent on funds sent by migrant workers in the United States to their relatives back home.
		That, ARENA officials claimed, would result in massive deportations of the 2.3 million Salvadorans in the United States and in a disruption in the estimated $2.2 billion a year they send home.
	www.spokesmanreview.com /tools/story_breakingnews_pf.asp?ID=1886 (683 words)

	College Voice - History shows workers are plentiful to U.S.
		Following the Mexican-American War in 1848, the United States received a large chunk of land including all of what are now the states of California, Nevada and Utah, along with the majority of Arizona and pieces of a few other states.
		As settlers took over the southwestern portion of the United States, many of the Mexican-American natives of the area found themselves homeless and excluded from the land-grab that was occurring in the area.
		In addition to the American citizens who became migrant workers, immigrants began coming up from Mexico looking to share in the work and escape the civil unrest of their native land which, by 1910, was engaged in the Mexican Revolution.
	www.gccvoice.com /home/index.cfm?event=displayArticlePrinterFriendly&uStory_id=f37d4f01-8d7c-402d-9286-15b9b66ddde5 (663 words)

	Resources Addressing the Education of Migrant Students (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Despite small victories in the law and with individual growers in some states, the book reports that many migrant workers still do back-breaking work for poor pay, live in rundown housing, and come in contact with dangerous pesticides and other conditions which seriously limits their life expectancy.
		Chapters also address the unionization of immigrant workers, immigrant labor legislation and litigation and its affect on civil rights in the United States, and the migrant experience from the perspective of a Mexican immigrant worker.
		This report documents the characteristics of migrant children and their families, eligibility criteria and student participation in migrant education programs, educational needs of migrant students, instructional and support services provided to migrant students, funding of migrant education programs, and migrant education program options.
	www.newpaltz.edu /collaborative/rms.html (1395 words)

	SSRN-Beyond Nannygate: Using The Inter-American Human Rights System to Advance the Rights of Migrant Domestic Workers ...
		For many years, the only significant power that migrant domestic workers seemed to possess was the ability to ruin the chances of high-level political appointees.
		Migrant domestic workers suffer abuse based on both their migration status and their status as workers in the "home," factors that exclude them from certain protections under U.S. law.
		Finally, human rights law already binding on the United States can provide robust norms for migrant domestic workers fighting overlapping forms of discrimination that may not be easily challenged under U.S. law.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=775006 (471 words)

	The Underdogs
		At the start of the XXI century, the underdogs are still there, just as miserable as Mariano Azuela's "Los de Abajo" with the exception that these unfortunates see television in color and have at their disposal an infinite number of soap operas with which they can dissipate their misfortunes.
		With the salary that Mexican workers rely on today, only six percent of what is needed is met in the ever rising economy, say economists that dispute on the program "Para Empezar" (To Start) by Pedro Ferriz de Con.
		In the state of Georgia, during the busiest working months, up to 100 thousand migrant workers are employed and work in agriculture in 79 counties.
	www.farmworkers.org /losdeael.html (736 words)

	[No title]
		The rights of Mexican migrant workers in the United States, such as these pictured in Chicago, is an important issue for many Mexicans (Photo: AFP).
		The Board had ordered the company to pay Mexican migrant worker Juan Castro a total of US$66,000 in back pay and rehire him, after having fired him a decade earlier after his support for a union-organizing campaign at the plant where he was working drew the company’s attention.
		In an April 12 interview, he warned that the ruling is extremely worrisome, since the same treatment may now be applied to the rest of the estimated 6 million undocumented workers in the United States, half of whom are from Mexico.
	www.worldpress.org /article_model.cfm?article_id=633&dont=yes (982 words)

	IPA NY Voices That Must Be Heard
		Unlike their counterparts in Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia or in Middle Eastern countries, most of the Filipino domestics in the United States are not deployed from the Philippines specifically to fulfill a contract as a domestic worker.
		In the first place, domestic workers would rather suffer in silence and be able to send what little earnings they have to the Philippines instead of suffer and earn nothing at all back home.
		The fact of the matter is that an undocumented worker in the United State is entitled to equal protection of the law.
	www.indypressny.org /article.php3?ArticleID=621 (849 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus \| Global Affairs Commentary \| Migration Talks Must Tie in to Trade Relationship or They Will ...
		While the United States considers amnesty, Mexico does not speak the word, which, from its perspective, implies migrants' commission of crime.
		The Mexican government is willing to press for an improvement in the situation of migrant workers, but not to the point of straining its trade and financial ties with the United States.
		All too often we have been told that the relaxation of immigration and naturalization laws is a topic that "won't fly" on Capitol Hill, or that "this isn't the time" to engage in the debate due to sluggishness in U.S. economic cycles.
	www.fpif.org /outside/commentary/0107mexlabor_body.html (749 words)

	Observer Newspaper - News
		She added that workers do not know if they will actually be able to get work each day.
		Seminar participant, junior Joanna Garcia, said that these workers are often not able to afford to feed themselves off of work that helps feed the rest of the country.
		For the seminar participants, their experience reinforced their understanding of how migrant workers, many living as undocumented immigrants in the U.S., have little political power.
	www.nd.edu /~observer/03302001/News/5.html (610 words)

	Unions trying to use NAFTA to aid migrants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Labor unions have been among the strongest opponents to NAFTA, the trade bloc encompassing the United States, Canada and Mexico implemented in 1994, because of concerns U.S. jobs would be lost to lower-paid Mexican workers.
		To address those concerns, a side agreement aimed at protecting worker rights was added, which basically requires member countries to enforce their labor laws.
		The complaint charges the United States with failing to enforce health and safety standards and protect the right of workers to organize.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/business/98/05/29/mexico-apples.2-0.html (329 words)

	Migrant workers send billions overseas
		MIAMI - Although remittances from migrant workers in the United States to Latin America and the Caribbean are growing at a torrid pace, much needs to be done on the receiving end to capture and use the money efficiently, experts say.
		But most recipients are spending most of the money directly on their basic needs, such as food and health care, rather than putting the cash into a financial system where its impact would be increased, the experts said.
		According to the IDB report, migrants in the United States typically send $100 to $300 at a time to relatives in their homelands, using international transfer companies such as Western Union and MoneyGram.
	www.showmenews.com /2005/Sep/20050926Busi007.asp (198 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Nation -- Cornell University students study lives of migrant workers
		While her classmates sit down to homework at Cornell's Ithaca campus, Nothern spends two hours teaching English to migrant farmworkers, the outreach part of what Cornell professors say is a unique offering in American academia – a course entirely devoted to migrant farm labor in the Americas.
		There is little solid data on migrant workers in the United States but a National Agricultural Statistics Service survey in 1997 and 1998 found about 1.7 million hired farm workers in the country.
		There are an estimated 47,000 migrant workers and their family members in New York, according to Herb Engman, a senior extension associate in Cornell's Department of Human Development.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/nation/20050320-2243-migrantclass.html (726 words)

	HLS: Alumni Bulletin: South of the Border
		Through the Florida-based Migrant Farmworker Justice Project, the students held "know your rights" sessions in parts of Mexico that traditionally send migrant workers to the United States on H-2A guest worker visas.
		They did hear from workers, and some of their stories put today's injustices in historical perspective.
		In the meantime, after hearing workers' stories and being invited into their homes, she's happy to have a better sense of where they are coming from.
	www.law.harvard.edu /alumni/bulletin/2004/fall/snapshot_main.php (313 words)

	U prof combats slavery: UMNnews: U of M.
		This slavery, commonly referred to as bonded labor, is common in India and Pakistan and is often passed from generation to generation.
		"And even though we might say they are just migrant workers, their situation is more analogous to slavery than it is to economic employment," he says.
		Another form of slavery involves migrant workers who must use their pay to buy food, clothing, and other necessities from their employer's company store, Weissbrodt explains.
	www1.umn.edu /umnnews/Feature_Stories/U_law_professor_fights_slavery_for_the_U.Nhtml.html (1139 words)

	NCCC
		One of the great challenges of conducting research with migrant farmworkers is that they work long, late hours and never know how long they will be in a given state or county.
		We were concerned that, because we were working with a highly diverse and mobile population working different types of crops in different states, we might not be able to identify an appropriate control group.
		The United States ranks 35th, largely because most women in the United States get Pap tests regularly and have access to treatment.
	www.nccc-online.org /fppaps_4.php (691 words)

	americas.org - The Racist War on Immigrants: Jim Crow Goes Fishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It makes simply being an undocumented worker in the United States a felony, and it makes it illegal for anyone (teachers, social workers, firefighters, anyone) to help that person in any way.
		Then, hundreds of thousands of Mexican workers were shipped into the US to fill labor shortages as indentured servants, legally bound to the will of the US government and private employers.
		Third Problem: All workers wages and benefits, be they immigrant or native born, are on a race to the bottom.
	www.americas.org /item_25918 (978 words)

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