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Topic: Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja

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	Miguel Primo de Rivera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja (January 8, 1870 - March 16, 1930) was a Spanish military official who ruled Spain as a dictator from 1923 to 1930, ending the turno system of alternating parties.
		During his rule, the philosopher Miguel de Unamuno was confined to Fuerteventura island.
		Primo de Rivera died in Paris, a few months after the end of his rule.
	uncover.us /en/wikipedia/m/mi/miguel_primo_de_rivera.html (167 words)

	Miguel Primo de Rivera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja (Jerez, January 8, 1870 - Paris, March 16, 1930) was a Spanish military official who ruled Spain as a dictator from 1923 to 1930, ending the turno system of alternating parties.
		Primo de Rivera held several important military posts after World War 1, which included the captain-generalship of Valencia, Madrid, and Barcelona.
		Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution, established martial law, imposed strict censorship, and banned all political parties, though some survived clandestinely.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Miguel-Primo-de-Rivera.htm (421 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Miguel Primo de Rivera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Miguel, Marques de Estella (1870-1930), Spanish soldier and dictator, born in the province of Cádiz.
		By the early 20th century Spain’s government was democratic on paper but it was controlled by an oligarchy that refused to share power.
		In September 1923 General Miguel Primo de Rivera, Barcelona’s military governor, led a coup d’état that gave vent to widespread disillusionment with...
	encarta.msn.com /Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera.html (201 words)

	Miguel Primo de Rivera explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja]] Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja (Jerez, January 8, 1870 - Paris, March 16, 1930) was a Spanish military official who ruled Spain as a dictator from 1923 to 1930, ending the turno system of alternating parties.
		Primo de Rivera attempted to reduce unemployment by spending money on public works, but the government expenditures caused rapid inflation.
		Primo de Rivera, Miguel Primo de Rivera, Miguel Primo de Rivera, Miguel ca:Miguel Primo de Rivera i Orbaneja de:Miguel Primo de Rivera es:Miguel Primo de Rivera fr:Miguel Primo de Rivera nl:Miguel Primo de Rivera ja:プリモ・デ・リベラ
	www.wordspider.net /mi/miguel-primo-de-rivera.html (354 words)

	Chapter 11: Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In his reply, Primo cautiously remarked that the mediation was entrusted to the Civil Governor, but then proceeded to analyze the points in dispute between labor and management in terms moderate enough to be accepted immediately by the employers and tentatively by the workers.
		But Primo now agreed that the army must be allowed to avenge its honor in Morocco, and the Quadrilateral had overcome some of their misgivings about him by the time he left for Barcelona.
		The decree is in Conde de Romanones, Obras completas, 3:418-19.
	libro.uca.edu /boyd/chapter11.htm (11073 words)

	Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja (1870-1930), military and Spanish politician, the government's boss as long as president of the Military Directory and of the Civil Directory, positions from which it exercised the dictatorship (1923-1930) during XIII Alfonso's reign.
		His paternal grandfather, Rivera's general José Cousin, combatted in the first Guerra Carlist and it was minister of Marina in 1839.
		Also, their uncle Fernando Cousin of Rivera, also general and with who would share destination in Philippines years later, he/she was general captain from Castile the New one when he/she gave beginning the Restoration, at the end of 1874.
	www.historia-es.com /usa/c_09_b01.htm (638 words)

	Miguel Primo de Rivera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1922, when the Spanish government was paralyzed by labor unrest, defeat in Morocco, and rumors of scandal at court, Primo de Rivera was appointed captain-general of Barcelona.
		Primo de Rivera's government achieved victory in Morocco in 1927, supported labor arbitration, built public works, and stimulated tourism, commerce, and industry.
		His son Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera was the founder of the Falange, the Fascist-style party that was used by Francisco Franco in his rise to power.
	www.fll.vt.edu /Culture-Civ/Spanish/homework/folkart/2744/primoderivera.html (238 words)

	Civil War in Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1923 General Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, known as Primo, led a revolt and established a military dictatorship.
		Primo, backed by the army, held power until he lost support of both the army and the king in 1930.
		King Alfonso forced Primo to resign, but the king had lost the public's respect through his initial support of Primo's dictatorship.
	homepages.stuy.edu /~bgarcia/civil_war_in_spain.htm (703 words)

	President of the Spanish Government. Who is President of the Spanish Government? What is President of the Spanish ...
		Antonio Aguilar y Correa, Marqués de la Vega de Armijo
		Álvaro Figueroa y Torres Mendieta, conde de Romanones
		Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, marqués de Estella y de Ajdir
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/President_of_the_Spanish_Government (151 words)

	Primo de Rivera, Miguel -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Born into a military family, Primo de Rivera was graduated from the General Military Academy in Toledo in 1888 and served as an officer in Morocco, Cuba, and the Philippines.
		Primo de Rivera attempted to create a strong party faithful to Spanish traditions, but his Unión Patriótica failed to fulfill this hope.
		When his principal source of power, the army, refused to support him, Primo de Rivera was forced to resign, and, broken in health, he died shortly afterward.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9061388 (986 words)

	Chapter 3: Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Although the Spanish army was spared the ordeal of the Western front, it was a protagonist in the political and social struggle that marked the collapse of the parliamentary regime in the postwar period.
		Claiming to represent the army as a whole and posing as the instrument of national "renovation," the Juntas de Defensa were in fact created to defend vested military interests, threatened by the novel determination of the dynastic politicians and the senior hierarchy to press for army reform.
		In March 1917 the Military Governor of Cadiz, General Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, publicly proposed an alternative: the abandonment of the Moroccan Protectorate and the transfer of Ceuta to Britain in exchange for Gibraltar.
	libro.uca.edu /boyd/chapter3.htm (11031 words)

	Bortenstein (Casanova): Spain Betrayed (Chap.9)
		The persecution of the proletarian organisations was as great under Gil Robles and Lerroux as in the worst years of the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera [62], and went as far as the bloody suppression of the Asturian Commune.
		General Don Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja (1870-1930) was the Captain-General of Catalonia, who in 1923 seized power in order to prevent the overthrow of the king, and ran Spain as a military dictatorship until he retired and drank himself to death in Paris.
		General Emilio Vidal Mola (1887-1937) and General Miguel Cabanellas Ferrer (1872-1938) were important commanders in the Nationalist camp, and for a brief while rivals of Franco for the position of dictator of Nationalist Spain.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/spain2/ch09.htm (2697 words)

	Bambooweb: Rivera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Rivera sported an afro then, and he became one of the fi...
		1:...[1936) was the son of general Miguel Primo de Rivera, who was dictator of Spain from 1923 until 1930...
		Rivera Morales is considered by many to be one of the be...
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/r/i/Rivera.html (667 words)

	Chronology--Philippines and Guam
		General Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte became governor-general of the Philippines, replacing General Camilo García de Polavieja; his adjutant was Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, his nephew.
		Governor-General of the Philippine Islands Fernando Primo de Rivera, in a surprise move, was replaced by Governor-General Basilo Augustín Dávila in early April.
		Duque de Almodóvar del Río (Juan Manuel Sánchez y Gutiérrez de Castro), Spanish Minister of State, directed a telegram to the Spanish Ambassador in Paris charging him to solicit the good offices of the French Government to negotiate a suspension of hostilities as a preliminary to final negotiations.
	www.loc.gov /rr/hispanic/1898/chronphil.html (3561 words)

	Primo de Rivera, Miguel -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		eldest son of the dictator General Miguel Primo de Rivera and the founder of the Spanish fascist party, the Falange.
		Two themes pervade the writings of the Spanish author Miguel de Unamuno—a longing for immortality and the value of the individual life.
		Of the many controversies that embroiled the Mexican painter Diego Rivera because of the didactic character of his work, the removal in 1933 of his fresco ‘Man at the Crossroads' from Rockefeller Center in New York City is probably the best known.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061388?tocId=9061388&query=null&ct=null (704 words)

	Miguel de Unamuno
		Miguel de Unamuno was a Spanish philosopher and author.
		Miguel de Unamuno was born in Bilbao, Spain.
		In 1924 his attacks on the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja caused his exile to the Canary Islands.
	www.collegeresearch.us /show_essay/9041.html (134 words)

	Historia de España [Página Principal] [Jorge Fernández Salas] [Neox Technologies] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A los pocos meses de gobernar el Directorio ya surgió en su seno la idea de convocar una gran Asamblea, de dar vida a un órgano de información, controversia y asesoramiento de carácter general que colaborara con el Gobierno en la ardua obra que sobre él pesaba.
		Más que la obra de saneamiento, en gran parte realizada, es ahora precisa la de reconstituir y metodizar la vida nacional, para mejor recoger los frutos que deben esperarse de sus propias iniciativas ciudadanas.
		El uno de representantes del Estado, las provincias y los municipios, que son las tres grandes ruedas integrantes de la vida nacional, cuyos respectivos intereses pueden alguna vez ser antagónicos y sus movimientos divergentes y precisa engranarlas y hacerlas convergentes en su esfuerzo.
	www.historia-es.com /usa/c_09_d01.htm (559 words)

	Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja, dictator of Spain, 1923-30 January 8 in History
		Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja, dictator of Spain, 1923-30 January 8 in History
		Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja, dictator of Spain, 1923-30
		The whole order of things is as outrageous as any miracle which could presume to violate it.
	www.brainyhistory.com /events/1870/january_8_1870_57442.html (52 words)

	MSN Encarta - Miguel Primo de Rivera
		Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Miguel, Marques de Estella
		Find more about Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Miguel, Marques de Estella from
		Search Encarta for Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Miguel, Marques de Estella
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565186/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera.html (108 words)

	8 Jan History
		Il fallait l’empêcher de parler et, en fait, la certitude de son silence rassura sans doute beaucoup de ses amis.
		Aux manifestations des Camelots du roi, des Ligues patriotiques et des anciens combattants, répondent, le 22 janvier et les jours suivants, celles des syndicats et des partis de gauche.
		Grosse colère de celui-ci, par vengeance, fait assassiner le favori, revendique son crime devant les plus hautes autorités, y compris le pape, et ses droits sont reconnus.
	h42day.100megsfree5.com /history/h4jan/h4jan08.html (10905 words)

	Spain
		Fernando de Silva y Álvarez Toldeo, duque de Huéscar
		Antonio de Saavedra y Frigola, conde de Alcudia
		José María Queipo de Llano Ruíz de Saravia, conde de Toreno
	tosic.interfree.it /Europe/Spain.htm (720 words)

	Chronology of the Spanish-American War
		Carlos M. Céspedes issued the Grito de Yara and initiated the Ten Years' War in Cuba (1868-1878), the independence movement that served as the forerunner of the 1895 Insurrection and the Spanish American War.
		U.S. fleet left Key West, Florida for Havana to begin the Cuban blockade at the principal ports on the north coast and at Cienfuegos.
		When Major General Calixto García and his Cuban forces arrived in Santiago de Cuba, General Leonard Wood formally recognized his efforts in the war since General Shafter had failed to recognize the Cuban leader's participation in the capitulation of Santiago.
	www.loc.gov /rr/hispanic/1898/chronology.html (3487 words)

	16 March: This Date in History
		In 1635 the Duchess (duchesse) de Chevreuse had lured him into intrigues against Cardinal de Richelieu, the chief minister of Louis XIII, an adventure that only procured for La Rochefoucauld a humiliating interview with Richelieu, eight days of imprisonment in the Bastille, and two years of exile at Verteuil.
		Voilà la peinture de l'amour-propre, dont toute la vie n'est qu'une grande et longue agitation; la mer en est une image sensible; et l'amour-propre trouve dans le flux et reflux de ses vagues continuelles une fidèle expression de la succession turbulente de ses pensées et de ses éternels mouvements.
		Like Michel de Montaigne and Blaise Pascal, he was aware of the mystery around man that dwarfs his efforts and mocks his knowledge, of the many things about man of which he knows nothing, of the gap between thinking and being, between what man is and what mandoes:
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/history/h4mar/h4mar16.html (11537 words)

	A short history of Spain
		Between 1923 and 1930 Spain is a military dictatorship under Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja.
		He establishes the Falange Española Tradicionalista-Juntas de Ofensivas Nacional Sindicalistas (Spanish Phalange Traditionalists-Junta of National Syndicalist Offensive, FET) as the sole legal party.
		Juan Carlos de Borbón y Borbón, who assumes the throne, realizes a rapid transition into a stable parliamentary democratic monarchy.
	www.electionworld.org /history/spain.htm (928 words)

	Primo de Rivera, Miguel -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Primo de Rivera, José Antonio, marqués de Estella
		Visit Chateau de Balleroy, its hot air balloon museum, and balloon event.
		Learn about the Chateau de Commarin, the Longecourt, and their World War II histories.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061388?tocId=9061388&query=null&ct=null (704 words)

	Primo
		1987 Primo Levi, Italy, chemist/writer (Survival in Auschwitz), dies at 67
		1930 Miguel Primo de Riveray Orbaneja, Sp dictator (1923-30), dies at 60
		1870 Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja, dictator of Spain, 1923-30
	www.brainyhistory.com /topics/p/primo.html (191 words)

	On This Day - January - Historical Events This Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Baron Pierre de Coubertin was primarily responsible for the revival of the Olympic games in in 1896, after nearly 1,500 years of abeyance.
		On This Day In 1728 Louis Barbiano de Belgioioso, Austrian count and diplomat was born in Belgium.
		On This Day In 1913 Léon P Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist was born in France.
	www.geocities.com /onthisday2000/january.htm (19162 words)

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