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Topic: Mike class submarine

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	Soviet submarine K-278 Komsomolets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Project 685 was tasked with developing an advanced submarine that could carry a mix of torpedoes and cruise missiles with conventional or nuclear warheads.
		Initial Western intelligence estimates of K-278’s speed were based on the assumption that she was powered by a pair of liquid-metal lead-bismuth reactors.
		When the Soviet Union revealed that the submarine used a single conventional pressurized-water reactor, these estimates were lowered.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mike_class_submarine (794 words)

	The Soviet Submarine Legacy
		The history of submarines is a fatal one, and hundreds of sailors have died in them through normal accidents.
		A fire on another submarine killed 9 sailors off Okinawa in 1980, and yet another influx of irradiated sailors into Soviet hospitals was noticed in 1981 after an undisclosed incident in the Baltic.
		Fortunately for Russian submariners, the end of the USSR meant an enormous reduction in the size of the fleet.
	www.mackenzieinstitute.com /2000/2000_10_Military_Submarine.html (1010 words)

	Submarine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		(The first Soviet ballistic missile submarines were diesel-powered.) They played an important part in Cold War mutual deterrence, as both the United States and the Soviet Union had (or could contend to possess) the ability to conduct a retaliatory strike against the other nation in the event of a first strike.
		The Soviet Union suffered the loss of at least four submarines during this period: K-129 was lost in 1968, K 8 in 1970, K -219 in 1986, and Komsomolets (the only Mike class submarine) in 1989 (which held a depth record among the military submarines—1000 m).
		In the 1930s the principle was modified for some submarines designs, particularly those of the U.S. Navy and the British U-class.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Submarine.htm (5034 words)

	History and Deployment of the Project 705/Alfa class submarine
		A requirement for a 1500 ton interceptor submarine with a speed of at least 40 knots was issued by the Soviet navy in 1957.
		Construction of the submarine began at the Sudomekh shipyard in Leningrad in 1965.
		It was the first Soviet submarine to have a hull made of titanium, a metal that had been rejected by the US Navy as being too costly.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1969vehicle_Alfahist.htm (1521 words)

	Greenpeace
		The submarine, according to records recently uncovered, "surfaced, ventilated, decontaminated and repaired the casualty [accident] unassisted." Four crew members were taken to the Puget Sound Naval Hospital for radioactive monitoring.
		The spectacular Soviet sub sinkings of the '80s—a Yankee I class nuclear-powered submarine that exploded and sank 500 miles east of Bermuda in 1986 and a Mike class attack submarine that burned and sank this April—are only the most recent in a long series of Soviet nuclear disasters at sea.
		Unfortunately, and despite the secrecy, it is generally conceded that the U.S. Navy and the Soviet Navy, and to a lesser extent the British, French and Chinese navies, routinely operate warships and submarines with nuclear weapons aboard.
	www.prop1.org /2000/accident/1989/8907a1.htm (3116 words)

	Mike Class - Project 685
		The submarine K-278 Komsomolets ["member of the Young Communist League"] was launched on 09 May 1983 and commissioned in late 1984.
		According to Western intelligence estimates, the Mike was powered by a pair of liquid-metal/lead-bismuth reactors, although the Soviet Union subsequently disclosed that the submarine used a single pressurized-water reactor of conventional design.
		The cost of raising the submarine was estimated at about of $1 billion, which would entail the hazard that the submarine hull might not remain intact during the operation.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/685.htm (956 words)

	Submarine Accidents
		The two American submarines and three of the Soviet nuclear submarines sank as a result of accident; the fourth Soviet vessel was scuttled in the Kara Sea upon the decision of responsible authorities when repair was deemed impossible and decommissioning too expensive.
		The crew was evacuated to a diesel submarine, and K-19 was towed home to base on the Kola Peninsula.[16] K-11 The second nuclear accident to occur was in February 1965 aboard the Project 627 - November class submarine K-11.
		The Project 627 - November class submarine K-8 was on exercise in the Barents Sea when a leak developed in the steam generators and in a pipe leading to the compensator reception.
	www.rontini.com /accid.html (5990 words)

	Sierra Class - Project 945
		The new Sierra-class submarines were intended to be the primary Soviet attack submarine, incorporating a variety of new sensors, silencing equipment, command systems and countermeasures.
		The Sierra-I class had six major compartments: (1) the torpedo room, and battery, (2) crew quarters, officers mess and galley, (3) command center, computer complex, and diesel generators, (4) reactor, (5) main switchboard, pumps and geared turbines, (6) electric motors, steering gear and pumps.
		The chronology in Russia's (USSR) Arms Catalog evidently is partially derived from that of Bellona, which is suspect because of the discrepancy between the apparent "as of" date of the document and the reported dates of the chronology.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/945.htm (1054 words)

	Shipwreck Data Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Mike class Russian submarine Komsomolets was in the Barents Sea on the morning of 9 April 1989 when alarm bells signalled a fire had broken out up for'ard.
		Today the wreck of the submarine is a growing concern due to her torpedoes.
		There have been several attempts to "plug" her tubes and stop the radioactive fluids from leaking into the sea and in turn hitting the food chain.
	www.hypnos.co.uk /wrecks/komsom.html (170 words)

	Minister for Defence: Collins Class Submarine Report 1 July 1999
		It is also a complex issue as it must be assessed at different modes of operation of the submarines (diesel or battery), different speeds and depths, across the whole frequency spectrum, against different sea states and against the characteristics of the detectors that are likely to be used against the submarine.
		At the highest level, the original aim of the project was to produce 6 submarines with well trained crews and supporting infrastructure capable of performing their strategic role (as it was then understood) with at least two boats on station well distant from Australia, more or less indefinitely.
		They constitute an entirely new class of submarine, being substantially larger and longer than the rest of the world’s diesel electric submarines, and quite different in their operational profiles to the nuclear powered ‘attack’ submarines.
	www.minister.defence.gov.au /1999/collins.html (13072 words)

	'Mike McLane -- York Class of '54 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As the York High School Class of 1954 plans its 45th reunion, graduates such as Michael J. McLane recall the peaceful, small-town atmosphere of Elmhurst.
		Before even imagining his future as a Polaris submarine commander in the Navy to his current job as a computer consultant, McLane's first occupation was as a Press Publications paperboy, a job that he looks back on fondly.
		Attending military training sessions every summer, studying navigation, seamanship and electrical engineering classes, and some times boarding battleships and flying airplanes was a way of life for four years.
	members.aol.com /York54/epmike.html (1872 words)

	DoD News: Briefing on the Virginia Class Submarine Contract Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The multi-year contract includes terms and conditions that allow the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, to adjust the quantity of submarines to six or to five at any time between now and January of 2006, the point at which the FY 2007 president's budget would be submitted.
		They attach themselves to each submarine and they attach themselves to the submarines whether they are in a block buy contract or a multi-year contract.
		The first submarine is 91 percent complete in the water, and to all of our great joy, it will be christened this coming weekend.
	www.defenselink.mil /transcripts/2003/tr20030814-0583.html (7098 words)

	::PeaceJournalism.com - The Peace Media Research Center's e-magazine::
		The CANADIAN government's decision to drop its planned purchase of nuclear submarines followed, by only weeks, the sixth sinking of a nuclear-powered submarine during the past 26 years.
		Whatever the condition of the submarine hull or the reactors today, these materials will inevitably, sooner or later, be released into the surrounding marine environment.
		Nuclear reactors were developed by the United States Navy for use in submarines to provide long distance, high speed underwater travel, to allow extended covert operation along an adversary's coast.
	peacejournalism.com /ReadArticle.asp?ArticleID=5490 (1136 words)

	Planet Ark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nuclear submarines have also sunk in accidents, with reactors and warheads.
		Among accidents by the Soviet Union's fleet, a "November" class submarine sank in the Atlantic off Spain in 1970, a "Yankee" class sank off Bermuda in 1986 and a Mike class submarine sank off Norway in 1989.
		In a rare salvage, the Russian Kursk was raised last year after it sank in the Barents Sea in 2000, killing all 118 aboard after a torpedo explosion.
	www.planetark.com /avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=18760 (621 words)

	Appendix B: Intershelf (J.P. Kenny Intershelf)
		Fish 103 is a deep diving (6,000 m) ROV that was used to explore the wreck of the lost Mike class nuclear submarine Komsomolets in the Norwegian Sea.
		For this work, it was carried onboard the Mir class manned submersibles (there are two) and used in a fly-off mode with a 30 m umbilical.
		Karev said that Intershelf has relations with seven possible producers of tourist submarines with passenger capacities from two to fifty people, and depth ratings from 50 m to 600 m.
	www.wtec.org /loyola/subsea/b_in_jpk.htm (772 words)

	Mark's Submarine Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		"Of all the branches of men in the forces there is none which showsmore devotion and faces grimmer perils than the submariner.
		This page is dedicated to submariners and those interested in submarines.
		If you would like more information about submarines and how to be a part of the most elite organization in the Navy, please feel free to contact me.
	msequel.com (95 words)

	Definition of Submarine - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		4.1 Prehistory of submarines and the first submersibles
		Another Confederate submarine was lost on her maiden voyage in Lake Pontchartrain; she was found washed ashore in the 1870s and is now on display at the Louisiana State Museum.
		You can find it there under the keyword Submarine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Submarineandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Submarine (5100 words)

	APPENDIX G. GLOSSARY
		Komsomolets-Nuclear submarine (Mike Class) - Soviet submarine that sank April 7, 1989 in Norwegian Sea in 1,400 meter water.
		Ocean Shuttle Nonmilitary nuclear-powered submarine project that has been proposed by Lazurit; a small submarine (about 1,000 tons) that is designed for oceanographic and commercial ocean work tasks
		Canadian built class of submersibles with 2,000 m depth capability.
	www.wtec.org /loyola/subsea/glossary.htm (860 words)

	Accidents involving nuclear submarines
		There have been a large number of accidents involving nuclear-powered submarines -- sinkings, groundings, collisions, fires, explosions and radioactive leaks.
		1972: A disabled Soviet Hotel II class submarine is towed across the Atlantic; a Soviet submarine is towed to base after a nuclear torpedo accident
		1989: Soviet Mike class submarine sinks off the Norwegian coast; a Soviet Echo II class submarine is disabled by fire and leaks coolant off Norway
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1991/35/35cenbox.htm (416 words)

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