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Topic: Mikhail Gorbachev

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Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev

Vladimir Ivashko

List of leaders of the Soviet Union

Collapse of the Soviet Union

Breshnev

August Coup

Perestroika

Fall of Communism

Soviet Coup of 1991

Konstantin Chernenko

Leonid Brezhnev

Andropov

Soviet Union

Soviet coup attempt of 1991

Boris Yeltsin

	CNN Cold War - Profile: Mikhail Gorbachev
		Hoping to shift resources to the civilian sector of the Soviet economy, Gorbachev also began to argue in favor of an end to the arms race with the West.
		Throughout his six years in office, Gorbachev always seemed to be moving too fast for the party establishment, which saw its privileges threatened, and too slow for more radical reformers, who hoped to do away with the one-party state and the command economy.
		At the end of the year, Gorbachev was forced to resign as president of a Soviet Union no longer in existence.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/gorbachev (525 words)

	Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich - MSN Encarta
		Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich (1931- ), leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1985 to 1991, the last leader of that country and the key figure in the liberalization and subsequent disintegration of Soviet and Eastern European Communism.
		Gorbachev was born to peasant parents in the village of Privolnoye, in the agrarian Stavropol Territory in south-western Russia.
		Gorbachev was admitted to law school at Moscow State University in 1950, partly because of his ability and hard work and partly because of his humble origins and his status as a probationary member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), a rarity for one so young.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552563/Gorbachev_Mikhail_Sergeyevich.html (797 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mikhail Gorbachev was born into a peasant family in the village of Privolnoye near Stavropol.
		Gorbachev pressed on with political reform - his proposal for setting up a new Soviet government, with a Soviet of the Federation consisting of representatives from all 15 republics, was passed through the Supreme Soviet in November.
		Gorbachev was presented with a fait accompli and reluctantly agreed with Yeltsin, on December 17th, to dissolve the Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev (7040 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev
		Gorbachev was born on the 2nd of March 1931, and was raised on a collective farm in the Stavropol region where he worked at a machine tractor station.
		Gorbachev who had emerged as a dominant figure in the Soviet ranks was given the position of general secretary of the Soviet Communist party in March of 1985 after the deaths of Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko.
		Mikhail Gorbachev's career failed due to the totalitarian government that Lenin established with the Bolshevik Revolution and was later built upon by Stalin.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/FSU/Russia/Gorbachev_lg.html (2013 words)

	Temperament in Revolution: Gorbachev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mikhail Gorbachev is different because he does not have power or prestige as his main goal in life.
		Gorbachev was promoted by Andropov to second in command and in effect directed the business of Politburo a great deal of the time because of the sicknesses of Andropov and Chernenko.
		Gorbachev did exactly what he had done before he had attained power, except he had the preceived power to do anything he wanted because he was the leader of the Soviet Union: in effect the Czar of Russia.
	keirsey.com /Gorbachev.html (1883 words)

	Tributes
		March 1985, when Mikhail Gorbachev was appointed General Secretary of CPSU, marked the beginning of a new age both for the Soviet Union and for the relations between the West and the East, and for the whole world as well.
		Mikhail Gorbachev put his critics to shame by sincerity of his words, his deeds and the courage that he had shown and still continues to show as he moves forward.
		Thus, Mikhail Gorbachev is not only a man who has been the first to introduce the idea of a common "European House," but also the one who has become one of the greatest harbingers and architects of that house.
	www.mikhailgorbachev.org /tributes/hansdietrichgenscher.html (2298 words)

	Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Regarded as a skilled technocrat and a reformer, Gorbachev joined (1978) the Communist party secretariat as agriculture secretary, and in 1980 he joined the politburo as the protégé of Yuri Andropov.
		Following the death of Konstantin Chernenko (Andropov's successor) in 1985, Gorbachev was appointed general secretary of the party despite being the youngest member of the politburo.
		By 1990, however, Gorbachev's perestroika program had failed to deliver significant improvement in the economy, and the elimination of political and social control had released latent ethnic and national tensions in the Baltic states, in the constituent republics of Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova, and elsewhere.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/g/gorbache.asp (635 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev
		Mikhail Gorbachev, the son of an agricultural mechanic on a collective farm, was born in Privolnoye in the Soviet Union on 2nd March, 1931.
		Gorbachev's grandfather, Pantelei Yefimovich Gopkalo, was a staunch member of the Communist Party (CPSU) and was chairman of the village kolkhoz.
		On the death of Chernenko in 1985 Gorbachev was elected by the Central Committee as General Secretary of the Communist Party.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /COLDgorbachev.htm (3472 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev - Nostalgia Central
		Gorbachev immediately undertook a campaign against corruption and economic mismanagement in the party bureaucracy, launching the drive for glasnost (openness).
		Gorbachev withdrew the Soviet army from Afghanistan in 1988-89, initiated the end of the Cold War with the West, and signed the INF treaty with the US in 1988 to dismantle nuclear arms in Europe.
		Gorbachev's response was to accumulate formal power in his own hands, precipitating an attempted Communist takeover in August 1991.
	www.nostalgiacentral.com /pop/gorbachev.htm (242 words)

	Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
		Born in the agricultural region of Stavropol (1931), Gorbachev studied law at Moscow University and in 1953 married a philosophy student, Raisa Maksimovna Titorenko.
		Following the death of Chernenko in 1985, Gorbachev was appointed General Secretary of the party despite being the youngest member of the Politburo.
		By 1990, however, Gorbachev's perestroika program had failed to deliver significant improvement in the economy, and the elimination of political and social control had released latent ethnic and national tensions in the Baltic states, in the constituent republics of Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova.
	www.historyguide.org /europe/gorbachev.html (453 words)

	TIME 100: Mikhail Gorbachev
		Writing about Gorbachev — who he was, where he came from, what he was after, and what his personal stake was (there had to be one) became just as intriguing as trying to figure out what Russia's future would be.
		How Gorbachev left power and what he has done since are unique episodes in Russian history, but he could have foreseen his own resignation: he prepared the ground and the atmosphere that made that resignation possible.
		Gorbachev is such an entirely political creature, and yet so charismatic, that it's hard to come to any conclusions about him as a person.
	www.time.com /time/time100/leaders/profile/gorbachev.html (373 words)

	PWHCE Who's Who of Russia: Mikhail Gorbachev
		Gorbachev became a candidate member of the CPSU in 1950, at the age of 18.
		Gorbachev was not a liberal-democrat; his reforms were not designed to end the Soviet Union but to give it new life.
		These reforms, and Gorbachev's statement that the Soviet Union would not militarily prevent satellite states from asserting their independence led to centrifugal forces and threats to legitimacy beyond the limited flexibility of late-soviet Russia, and concerned harliners pressured Gorbachev.
	www.pwhce.org /rus/gorbachev.html (381 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev
		Mikhail Gorbachev's role in the collapse of the Soviet regime reinforced American ideals of democracy and became the defining moment of the 1980s.
		Gorbachev and his family were briefly held under house arrest between August 19-21, 1991, during a coup by Communist hard-liners.
		Gorbachev's role in the collapse of the Soviet regime in Eastern Europe reinforced American ideals of democracy and freedom, and became the defining moment of the 1980s.
	www.heroism.org /class/1980/gorbachev.htm (346 words)

	frontline: the gulf war: oral history: mikhail gorbachev
		Gorbachev: The world had become different and the two superpowers were in the situation where we had to show whether we were able to cooperate in this new situation, especially on such a critical issue like aggression.
		Gorbachev: I think this meeting, after Malta, was one of the key meetings in the development of the Soviet-American relations, it was of great importance.
		Gorbachev: All was within the framework that Bush was anxious for us not to begin our own separate policy behind the back of the United States and the Security Council.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/gorbachev/1.html (2669 words)

	Commanding Heights : Mikhail Gorbachev \| on PBS
		Having overseen policies aimed at the political and economic restructuring of the Soviet Union, former President Mikhail Gorbachev is credited as one of the architects of the end of the Cold War.
		MIKHAIL GORBACHEV (via interpreter): Well, perestroika -- that is to say, restructuring of the Soviet system -- was not an idea born from scratch.
		MIKHAIL GORBACHEV (via interpreter): I think you should bear in mind the aspects that were of decisive importance before the development of the process of globalization, a really powerful trend.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/int_mikhailgorbachev.html (4537 words)

	Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev & Mikhail Gorbachev Biography Links
		Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev was born in the village of Privolnoye near Stavropol, Russia in 1931.
		Gorbachev married Raisa Titorenko, a philosophy student from the Moscow State University in 1956 and also was appointed the First Secretary of the Stavropol City Komsomol in the same year.
		Gorbachev's phenomenal success was not all due to his own tenacity but also to the success of Kulakov, his superior throughout Gorbachev's political history in Stavropol.
	www.thepeacemission.com /gorbachev.htm (877 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One of the most influential political leaders of our time, Mikhail Gorbachev is widely credited for helping to end the Cold War, change the map of Europe and usher in a new era in world affairs.
		Gorbachev dramatically altered the Kremlin's foreign policy and sought improved relations with the United States.
		Gorbachev's rise to power began in a northern Caucasus village near Stravropol, where he was born in 1931.
	www.voice.neu.edu /980622/citations/mgorbachev.html (618 words)

	Amazon.ca: Memoirs: Books: Mikhail Gorbachev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gorbachev's massive autobiography hints at why he has been relegated to the dustbin of history by the very people he helped set free.
		A timely reminder of what made Gorbachev so revolutionary back in 1985, these memoirs offer a detailed but readable chronicle of his achievements at the top, with the domestic and foreign policy aspects of perestroika covered, chronologically, in separate sections that comprise two thirds of the book.
		Gorbachev also speaks about how Yeltsin's lust for power was one of the factors that led to the breakup of the Soviet Union, and here perhaps the reader would be wise to consult other books that give Yeltsin's point of view.
	www.amazon.ca /Memoirs-Mikhail-Gorbachev/dp/0385480199 (1008 words)

	Newsvine - Gorbachev Buys Stake in Russian Newspaper
		MOSCOW — Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, who fostered press freedom during his tenure in office, said Wednesday that he and a business partner had invested in an independent newspaper.
		Gorbachev said he and Alexander Lebedev, a legislator and anti-corruption crusader, had bought 49 percent of the shares in the Novaya Gazeta newspaper, but he added that the paper would not be used to further political or corporate interests.
		Gorbachev — whose pioneering programs of "glasnost" or openness, and "perestroika," or restructuring, caused the first cracks in the Soviet empire — has criticized the growing Kremlin control over Russian media, even as he has praised President Vladimir Putin for restoring stability to Russia and reviving its post-Soviet prestige in the world.
	www.newsvine.com /_news/2006/06/07/246690-gorbachev-buys-stake-in-russian-newspaper (664 words)

	Gorbachev's subliminal advertising \| Russia \| Guardian Unlimited
		Mikhail Gorbachev, the final president of the Soviet Union, was a cunning fellow in the days of glasnost - and now he's at it again.
		He is the chief suspect in the radiation poisoning in London of Alexander Litvinenko, and the British government wants to extradite Mr Lugovoi to stand trial.
		But it would be hard not to conclude that by posing for Vuitton, the final Soviet leader wanted not only to make money for his family and his foundation, but also to give his successor a bloody nose.
	www.guardian.co.uk /russia/article/0,,2204525,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=12 (379 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev deeply disappointed in Putin - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mikhail Gorbachev, the first and the last president of the USSR, harshly criticized Vladimir Putin at a press conference on Tuesday.
		Gorbachev became quite a surprise for the Russian society, for the ex-Soviet president was known for his positive attitude to Putin's policy.
		Mikhail Gorbachev still enjoys great popularity in the West, although one cannot say the same about his reputation in Russia.
	english.pravda.ru /main/18/88/350/14913_gorbachev.html (547 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gorbachev and his 22-member delegation arrived in Columbia, Mo., shortly after noon via The Capitalist Tool, a private Boeing 727 jet owned by the family of the late Malcolm Forbes.
		Mikhail Gorbachev signs the guestbook before his tour of the Winston Churchill Memorial.
		The crowd applauded as Gorbachev moved to the historic podium used by Winston Churchill in 1946.
	www.westminster-mo.edu /cm/green_lecture/mikhail_gorbachev.asp (339 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was born on March 2, 1931 in Privolnoye, Stavropol province.
		Mikhail Gorbachev joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1952 and acted as First Secretary of Stavropol City Committee of Komsomol (1955-1958).
		Mikhail Gorbachev is married to Raisa Gorbacheva (1953), has one daughter, and two granddaugthers.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /hyplan/dmiguse/Russian/mgbio.html (244 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Mikhail Gorbachev: Memoirs: Books: Mikhail Gorbachev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Whatever, the current standing of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, particularly in his own country, anyone who reads this book will have no doubt that it was written by one of the truly great political figures of recent history.
		You are also left with the impression that Gorbachev was a man who arrived at the right time and created the platform from which many people regained their freedom and found a place in the world.
		Yes the story of Mikhail Gorbachev and the USSR in the latter part of the 20th century is an interesting one, but what I found particularly hard going was the referrals to the various committees, plenums, soviets, and officials involved in running things.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0553506366 (1552 words)

	Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev Winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Peace
		Gorbachev restores citizenship of thousands of Soviet exiles (1990)
		Mikhail S. Gorbachev's address to IPPNW 1987 in Moscow
		Mikhail Gorbachev Biography from Encyclopedia Britannica (submitted by www.britannica.com)
	www.almaz.com /nobel/peace/1990a.html (172 words)

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