| |
| | Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
 | | Regarded as a skilled technocrat and a reformer, Gorbachev joined (1978) the Communist party secretariat as agriculture secretary, and in 1980 he joined the politburo as the protégé of Yuri Andropov. |
 | | Following the death of Konstantin Chernenko (Andropovs successor) in 1985, Gorbachev was appointed general secretary of the party despite being the youngest member of the politburo. |
 | | By 1990, however, Gorbachevs perestroika program had failed to deliver significant improvement in the economy, and the elimination of political and social control had released latent ethnic and national tensions in the Baltic states, in the constituent republics of Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova, and elsewhere. |
| www.bartleby.com /65/go/Gorbache.html (538 words) |
|