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Topic: Mikhail Tomsky

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In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

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	Glossary of People: To
		Mikhail Tomsky, the son of a factory worker, was born in St. Petersburg on 31st October, 1880.
		Tomsky was arrested in December, 1909 and was kept in custody for two years before he was brought to court and sentenced to five years hard labour.
		An ally of Joseph Stalin, Tomsky was on the right-wing of the party and was hostile to the group led by Trotsky.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/t/o.htm (551 words)

	Mikhail Tomsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (born Efremov, sometimes transliterated as Yefremov, October 31, 1880 – August 22, 1936) was a factory worker, trade unionist and Bolshevik leader.
		Petersburg, Tomsky moved to Estonia (then part of the Russian Empire) and was involved in the 1905 Revolution.
		Together, they were allied with Joseph Stalin's faction and helped him purge the Left Opposition--led by Leon Trotsky, Lev Kamenev, and Grigory Zinoviev--from the party during the struggle that followed Lenin's death in 1924.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mikhail_Tomsky (526 words)

	TIME.com: Books & Boss -- Sep. 7, 1936 -- Page 1
		Envisioned by the secret police was the possibility that some of the heaviest tomes, reference books and general literature published by the Stalin Dictatorship and read by the whole Russian population may have been insidiously salted with "Trotskyism" and opposition to Stalin.
		The Ogpu hunt was spurred by the suicide fortnight ago of Mikhail Tomsky, who had headed the Soviet State Publishing Monopoly.
		Zinoviev and Kamenev have now been shot, Tomsky is a suicide, and Alexei Rykov last week was under investigation by the Ogpu as a possible Trotskyist.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,847812,00.html (616 words)

	USSR: Communist Party: Congresses @ Archontology.org: presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, database
		In this regard, the end of tenure might be fixed a) on the day when a Congress convened and assumed full authority according to the charter, and b) on the day when the new party organs were elected by the Central Committee after each Congress.
		For instance, Mikhail Tomsky was elected full member of the Politburo on 3 Apr 1922, and was re-elected in 1923, 1924, 1926, 1927.
		So it would be correct to say that Tomsky's membership in the Politburo lasted form 3 Apr 1922 to 26 Jun 1930/13 Jul 1930.
	www.archontology.org /nations/ussr/cpsu/partycongress_hist.php (407 words)

	Nikolai Bukharin and the Power Struggle
		In charge of NEP was Bukharin and his friends Mikhail Tomsky, the Trade Union chief, and Alexei Rykov, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars.
		In 1927 Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev were removed from the party altogether (the latter two were later readmitted after recanting their beliefs, but they had no influence or rank.) Trotsky on the other hand was sent into exile in January 1928.
		Now pretty much the only people who stood between Stalin and control over the USSR were Bukharin and his friends Rykov, Tomsky, Sergei Kirov (who was a friend of Stalin's but later joined Bukharin's crowd), and their friends and supporters.
	www.angelfire.com /vamp2/nikolaibukharin/powerstruggle.html (612 words)

	Toward the "second Revolution": 1927-30
		As he began to shift to the Left, he was opposed only by Nikolay Bukharin, Aleksey Rykov, and Mikhail Tomsky.
		In 1928 and 1929 Stalin and his supporters gradually went over to the position that only collectivization would make the grain available to the authorities and that to effect this a great sharpening of "class war" in the countryside was required.
		Bukharin, with Rykov and Tomsky, saw that this would mean a terror regime and destroy the fruits of the NEP.
	www.faits-et-documents.com /bilan_communisme/second_revolution.htm (1888 words)

	Mikhaïl Tomsky - Wikipédia
		Mikhaïl Pavlovitch Tomsky (Михайл Павлович Томский), de son vrai nom Efremov (ЕФремов), né le 31 octobre 1880 à Saint-Pétersbourg, mort le 22 août 1936 à Moscou est un révolutionnaire et homme politique soviétique.
		De plus, Tomsky, par sa position importante au niveau des syndicats, est un rival potentiel majeur : Staline ne peut accepter cette situation car c'est aussi quelqu'un d'extrêmement soupçonneux : il parvient à le contraindre de quitter ce poste et d'accepter celui de directeur des Éditions de l'État.
		Tomsky ayant eu vent de la menace d'une arrestation par le NKVD, et ne faisant pas confiance à la justice de celui-ci, se suicida.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Tomsky (492 words)

	CONTEXT - This Week in Arts and Ideas from The Moscow Times
		This book may also be a sign that communism is not only dead as a force in history but as a subject of historical study.
		Trotsky, Bukharin, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Mikhail Kalinin, Aleksei Rykov, even Lazar Kaganovich all assumed the goatee, which always had a touch of the Chekhovian intelligentsia about it.
		There were of course plenty of exceptions to that rule, notably Sergo Ordzhonikidze and Mikhail Tomsky.
	context.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2006/11/24/106.html (1183 words)

	Leon Trotsky - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Trotsky was one of the first Bolshevik leaders to recognize the problem and he pushed for the formation of a military council of former Russian generals that would function as an advisory body.
		The rest of the recently expanded Politburo (Rykov, Mikhail Tomsky, Bukharin) was at first uncommitted, but eventually joined the troika.
		Trotsky's control over the military was undermined by reassigning his deputy, Ephraim Sklyansky, and appointing Mikhail Frunze, who was being obviously groomed to take Trotsky's place, in his stead.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Leon_Trotsky (13293 words)

	The Degeneration of the Soviet Secret Police - From Guardians to Executioners
		One unintended result of Mikhail Gorbachev’s glasnost has been a rash of books by and about people who had been on the inside during the Stalin/Khrushchev/ Brezhnev years.
		Tomsky did not wait to be convicted, and instead committed suicide.
		It has recently been revealed that Hitler’s Gestapo, playing on Stalin’s paranoid delusions, leaked information in Czechoslovakia to suggest that Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, hero of the civil war and the USSR’s pre-eminent military leader, was plotting a coup.
	www.bolshevik.org /1917/no10/no10kgb.html (4478 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Of the several reasons for this assessment of Nazism, the most obvious is that the Western democracies fought World War II in a kind of global "popular front" against "fascism." Moreover, whereas the Nazis occupied most of Europe, the Communists during the Cold War menaced only from afar.
		Thus, although the stakes for democracy in the new conflict were as high as in its hot predecessor, the stress of waging it was significantly lower; and it ended with the last general secretary of the "evil empire," Mikhail Gorbachev, in the comradely embrace of the ultimate cold warrior, President Ronald Reagan.
		It was Mikhail Tomsky, the leader of the Soviet trade unions, who in the 13 November 1927 issue of Trial (Labor) stated: "We allow other parties to exist.
	www.cooper.edu /humanities/core/hss3/bak/crimesofcommunism.html (8140 words)

	Stalin: Why and How
		Tomsky was dispatched to Turkestan, and Riazanov was sent on a mission abroad.
		Mikhail Tomsky (1880-1936) was an ally of Bukharin, and head of the Soviet trades unions.
		He committed suicide before he could be brought to trial (translator's note).
	www.whatnextjournal.co.uk /Pages/Back/Wnext19/Stalin.html (5559 words)

	Two Letters
		We are well aware that there may be malicious critics capable of wrenching separate passages or phrases from their context, in one or other of these letters, and of grossly misinterpreting them, drawing conclusions from them remote from the intentions of both authors, who were writing hurriedly, in the most unfavourable conditions of secrecy.
		This study, this summing up before the widest possible working-class audience, are much more important than the question of "local courts", "local self-government" and suchlike "reforms" in Stolypin's Russia about which bureaucrats and liberals love to chatter.
		But Mikhail Tomsky is absolutely right when he strongly objects to the "invention of slogans" in general, and such slogans as "down with the Duma" or "down with the Duma group" in particular.
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/TL08.html (5907 words)

	Biography of Joseph Stalin - AZBIOGRAPHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		When Stalin was finally convinced that Lev Kamenev and Gregory Zinoviev were unwilling to join forces with Leon Trotsky against him, he began to support openly the economic policies of right-wing members of the Politburo such as Nikolay Bukharin, Mikhail Tomsky and Alexei Rykov.
		They now realized what Stalin was up to but it took them to summer of 1926 before they could swallow their pride and join with Trotsky against Stalin.
		In June, 1937, Mikhail Tukhachevsky and seven other top Red Army commanders were charged with conspiracy with Germany.
	www.azbiography.com /biography/72-joseph-stalin (8465 words)

	The List
		Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Chairman of Central Executive Committee
		Mikhail Gvishiani (Head of Far East NKVD, His son Dzhermen--
		Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov (Ideological watchdog maintaining purity of
	www.geocities.com /yitzgood (1728 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Lenin's Legacy: The Soviet Union in the 20th Century
		Most notably, he managed to sway Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov, and later Mikhail Tomsky, Felix Dzerzhinsky and Kliment Voroshilov, brought in in 1925 and 1926.
		He was held in check, however, by General Mikhail Tukhachevski, the Soviet Chief of Staff, who had served under Trotsky and was undyingly loyal to him.
		You have the loyalty of the military under Mikhail, I have the loyalty of the people thanks to modernizing the economy With those two things on our side, there is no way Stalin can touch us.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?p=5663212 (5612 words)

	Memoir of a Stalin Biographer « Essays & Excerpts « IKHS
		Take the behavior of Mikhail Tomsky, to whose apartment Stalin went with a bottle of wine in 1936, according to Roy Medvedev's oral-history evidence, very probably to solicit Tomsky's help in the contemplated purge trial of his ex-rightist associates Bukharin and Rykov.
		Tomsky showed Stalin to the door with curses, went back to his study, took a pistol and shot himself to death.
		I cannot answer such questions, but I think the fact that I ask them discloses the nature and strength of my feelings.
	plaza.ufl.edu /bjparis/essays/tucker_stalin.html (6075 words)

	The Bolsheviks
		Other well-known Bolsheviks include Mikhail Kalinin, Vyacheslav Molotov, Yuri Pyatikov, the trade unionist Mikhail Tomsky and A.G. Schliapnikov a member with Kollontai of the Workers' Opposition in 1922, the “Old Bolsheviks”; Maxim Litvinov, Mikhail Lashevich, Gregory Ordzhonikidze and the science fiction writer Alexandr Bogdanov, also famous for his 1908 dispute with Lenin over philosophy.
		Mikhail Frunze was one of those who joined the Bolsheviks before the Revolution, but who had supported the Mensheviks in 1903, and a leader in the Red Army, while the great Red Army General Mikhail Tukhachesky was one of millions who joined the Bolsheviks after the Revolution.
		See Spartacus Schoolnet for more Bolshevik biographies and Kronos, in Russian, but very comprehensive, and this set of portraits of the Central Committee members made in 1938
	www.marxists.org /subject/bolsheviks (1398 words)

	60 years since the Dewey Commission
		All of the defendants confessed to bizarre and impossible crimes, then pleaded for the death penalty.
		In the midst of the trial another well- known Old Bolshevik, Mikhail Tomsky, committed suicide after being implicated by Zinoviev and Kamenev.
		In a particularly foul manifestation of the nationalist orientation of the Stalinist bureaucracy, the authorities sought to fan anti-Semitic prejudice against the defendants.
	www.wsws.org /history/1997/may1997/dewey.shtml (6666 words)

	Soviet Russia
		Stalin's next victim was the army; more than half of the officers, including Marshall Mikhail Tukhachevsky, the Civil War's most popular hero, were liquidated.
		Then he eliminated the right wing of the Party, accusing his former allies of overzealousness, becoming, as he put it, "dizzy with success" while carrying out the dictator's orders.
		By 1981 the average age of those in the Politburo was 69, and only two members, Grigori Romanov (58) and Mikhail Gorbachev (50), were under 60.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /russia/ru03.html (17339 words)

	IranianVoice.org - Reign of Terror in Iran
		V.I. Lenin didn't live long enough to purge his fellow revolutionaries, but Josef Stalin did.
		He killed virtually all of his party comrades: Leon Trotsky, Grigorii Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Nikolai Bukharin, Mikhail Tomsky, Sergey Kirov, the Soviet general staff including the heroic Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, plus of course millions and millions more.
		Mao Tse-tung purged his party comrades: Some he killed, some he imprisoned and some just disappeared.
	www.iranianvoice.org /article762.html (962 words)

	The Isolation of the Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Those who did not confess were shot anyway.
		Mikhail Tomsky, the leader of the trade unions since before the Revolution, committed suicide while awaiting trial.
		In the Second Trial, January 1937, the principal accused were Pyatakov (a member since 1912, and a Central Committee member since the Civil War), and Radek (a leading Bolshevik since 1904).
	home.pacific.net.au /~andy/bs/bs1-2.htm (5573 words)

	IALHI News Service: Class Struggle in a Moscow Metal Factory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		See his Proletarii kak politik: politicheskaia psikhologiia rabochikh Petrograda v 1917-1923 gg.
		Charters Wynn's biography of trade union leader Mikhail Tomsky (in progress) might offer significant new findings on the 1928 Trade Union Opposition.
		Here Murphy takes issue with the findings of Lynne Viola in Best Sons of the Fatherland: Workers in the Vanguard of Soviet Collectivization (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
	www.iisg.nl /~ialhi/news/i0605_23.php (4663 words)

	Workers Power Global \| Revolutionary History
		In mid-1907 the conflict within the Bolshevik faction became sharp.
		A new layer of Bolshevik leaders came to the fore: Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Alexei Rykov and Mikhail Tomsky.
		Bogdanov went public in his sectarian criticisms of the agreed Bolshevik line on the Duma and Lenin expelled Bogdanov and his supporters from the Bolshevik centre.
	www.fifthinternational.org /LFIfiles/demcent.html (9913 words)

	Weekly Worker 628 - Thursday June 8 2006
		No doubt this was in an attempt to secure whatever support could be garnered for the beleaguered miners.
		Despite the CPGB’s ongoing attempt to appease the TUC, despite the value placed on ARTUC, the Soviet trade union leadership - under future Right Oppositionist Mikhail Tomsky (1880-1936) - denounced the British left reformist trade union leaders for their “treachery” in an ‘Appeal to the international proletariat’, published in Pravda on June 8 1926.
		A charge defended and repeated by Stalin on more than one occasion.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/628/strike.htm (5043 words)

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