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Topic: Mikhail Yangel

	Yangel' (crater) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yangel' is a small lunar impact crater that is located in the irregular terrain to the north of the Mare Vaporum.
		To the southeast of Yangel' is the prominent Manilius crater.
		Just to the north of Yangel' is the small lunar mare named Lacus Felicitatis, or "Lake of Happiness".
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yangel%27_%28crater%29 (192 words)

	Nedelin catastrophe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Designed by experienced rocket scientist Mikhail Yangel, the R-16 develepment program was commanded by Strategic Rocket Forces Marshal Mitrofan Nedelin.
		In October of 1960, the rocket was nearing completion, and Yangel and Nedelin hoped to produce a successful launch before the November 7 anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.
		Before the disaster Yangel had ambitions to challenge Korolev as leader of the Manned Space programme but he was directed to focus on the R-16.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nedelin_catastrophe (1004 words)

	Yangel
		Yangel was born in Zyryanova in Irkutsk, Siberia.
		By this time the space age was under way and despite the press of missile work, Yangel managed to carve a niche for himself by being assigned responsibility for development of the lightweight Cosmos 63S1 launcher (using the R-12 as a first stage) and its accompanying DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) satellites.
		Yangel agreed to develop the critical rocket stage of the LK lunar lander that would have landed a cosmonaut on the moon.
	www.astronautix.com /astros/yangel.htm (3470 words)

	Yangel, Mikhail K. (1911-1971)
		Yangel, Mikhail K. One of the three most important designers of liquid-propellant rockets in the Soviet Union, the other two being Sergei Korolev and Vladimir Chelomei.
		Yangel began his career in the aviation industry and joined Korolev’s OKB-1 enterprise almost by chance.
		However, Yangel quickly became a major competitor, not only as a developer of ICBMs, such as the R-12, R-14, and R-36 (see “R” series of Russian missiles) but also of several series of space launch vehicles, including the Zenit, Cosmos, and Tsyklon.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/Y/Yangel.html (190 words)

	Известия Науки - THE FIRST STEPS OF SOVIET MISSILERY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Missiles built by Korolev were propelled by non-toxic oxygen and kerosene whereas the Yangel missiles had extremely toxic dimethylhydrosene (or heptyl) and nitrogen tetroxide put in their fuel tanks.
		Yangel sent a cable to Moscow demanding urgent medical aid for those who had been poisoned with heptyl.
		I should be held responsible for everything.” Chief designer Mikhail Yangel died of a fifth heart attack on the day of his 60th anniversary.
	www.inauka.ru /english/article36999/print.html (1642 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mikhail Yangel
		Mikhail Yangel (1911-1971) was a leading missile designer in the Soviet Union.
		At first, Yangelâs facility served to mass-produce and further develop intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
		His bureau designed the R-12 and R-16, whose launch vehicle adaptations are known as Cosmos and Tsyklon respectively.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mikhail-Yangel (351 words)

	Calendar (events)
		Mikhail Vasilievich Alekseev, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Russian Army in spring 1917, Commander-in-Chief of Volunteer Army of "White Guards" after the revolution.
		Mikhail Dmitrievich Millionschikov, academician of pysics, vice president of USSR Academy of Science.
		Mikhail Petrovich Simonov, chief designer of Sukhoy OKB, was born.
	www.aviation.ru /calendar/?Type=p (2923 words)

	Disaster at Leninsk
		The R-16 was the brainchild of Mikhail Yangel and designed to deliver a 10 Mega-ton warhead a distance of over 10,000 miles.
		Yangel's group had encountered many diverse problems while building the rocket and after solving the majority of them, Yangel authorized the delivery of the first rocket, LD1-3T to NIIP-5 test range in Tyuratam.
		The rocket was pronounced ready for flight and early on the morning of the 23rd of October the fueling began.
	wintersteel.com /Leninsk.html (982 words)

	[11.0] Preparations
		Mikhail Yangel, the head of the design bureau responsible for the R-16, and Marshal Mitrofan Nedelin, head of the RVSN rocket force, were present, and they were both under pressure to get results.
		Yangel himself had been at the launch pad, but had left the launch area to chat with a senior launch official over a cigarette.
		When Yangel saw the disaster unfolding before him, he hysterically tried to rush over to the launch pad and had to be restrained by his colleagues.
	www.vectorsite.net /tamrc_11.html (5910 words)

	R-16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Yangel sold his ICBM concept to the leadership as simply his R-12 IRBM serving as the second stage to his R-14 MRBM.
		Yangel's new MIK assembly building at Baikonur received the first flight missile in September.
		Yangel, the rocket's designer, was spared only because he had slipped into a bunker for a cigarette when the explosion occurred.
	www.friends-partners.org /~mwade/lvs/r16.htm (3010 words)

	10...9...8... the voice of UKRA, volume 5 issue 3, page 28 of 36, The Soviet Manned Lunar Program (Part 2) edited & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Mikhail Yangel's OKB-5 design bureau in Ukraine proposed a project called the R-56.
		Little is known of Yangel's proposal, but it does not appear to have been a serious contender despite being a paper study since April 1962 -originally as a manned circumlunar flight (Harvey, 1996).
		Korolev's/Mishin's proposal was recommended by the Soviet Academy of Sciences, but Mikhail Yangel's design bureau would design the propulsion systems of the L3 craft.
	www.ukra.org.uk /newsletter/volume5issue3/28.html (543 words)

	eXile - Issue #159 - Book Review - This One Goes to Eleven Megatons - By John Dolan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Nedelin [head of the Soviet missile corps] authorized the crew to continue to work on the missile [without removing the nitric acid], but it would have to be launched within the next day for fear that the oxidizer would begin to eat through seals and piping.
		Yangel and one of the range officers walked away for a few moments to smoke behind a bunker, several hundred yards from the missile.
		But there had to be great comic potential in Yangel's timely absence, particularly the fact that he absented himself in order to light up a cigarette.
	www.exile.ru /2003-February-06/book_review.html (1790 words)

	Nedelin disaster
		The R-16 ICBM developed by the collective of Mikhail Yangel promised all new level of readiness for the Soviet nuclear fleet.
		On his end, Mikhail Yangel, the chief designer of the R-16, could not wait to demonstrate to Khrushchev what his collective could achieve.
		Yangel and Marshall of Artillery Mitrofan Nedelin, the commander of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces hoped to deliver a big present to Khrushchev for the celebration of the Bolshevik Revolution on November 7 -- a successful test launch of the first R-16 missile.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /r16_disaster.html (3636 words)

	Nedelin catastrophe -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Despite the magnitude of the disaster, it was covered up for many years by the Soviet government and did not emerge until the (The decade from 1990 to 1999) 1990s.
		In October of 1960, the rocket was nearing completion, and Yangel and Nedelin hoped to produce a successful launch before the November 7 anniversary of the (Click link for more info and facts about Bolshevik Revolution) Bolshevik Revolution.
		Despite their extensive experience with the (Click link for more info and facts about R-12) R-12 and R-14 missile programs, neither Nedelin nor Yangel recognized the danger associated with rapidly preparing a prototype rocket.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/N/Ne/Nedelin_catastrophe.htm (978 words)

	Old symbols for new times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov has revealed his choice for Russia’s national anthem – the music from the Soviet national anthem, composed by Alexandrov, only with new words.
		All the fuss began when the strange new state organ that is the State Council was assigned to begin its activities with an equally strange issue – deciding what to do about the national anthem.
		Designer Mikhail Yangel was saved by a fluke.
	www.russiajournal.com /fan/russia_3810_5632_news.htm (1272 words)

	Kasyanov’s nomination looks like Duma breeze (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Mikhail Kasyanov is expected to be approved as prime minister by Russia’s State Duma on the back of President Vladimir Putin’s popular support.
		As was widely predicted, Mikhail Kasyanov is set to become Russia's next prime minister after President Vladimir Putin formally nominated him to the State Duma lower house of parliament.
		And, in contrast to the protracted fights President Boris Yeltsin had with parliament over prime ministerial nominations, Kasyanov is expected to breeze through the Duma on May 17 on the back of Putin's broad popular support.
	www.russiajournal.com /fan/russia_2869_5632_news.htm (1492 words)

	Project of R-56 rocket
		In the USSR, the development organizations led by Sergei Korolev, Vladimir Chelomei and Mikhail Yangel, all came up with competing proposals of gigantic rockets, which could serve both as carriers of nuclear weapons and as space boosters.
		As it was the case with Korolev's N-1 and Chelomei's UR-500, Yangel advertised his future "heavy lifter" as a space vehicle and a carrier of nuclear weapons.
		Although, all three rockets were clearly "overweight" for most military roles, chief designers had to "sell" their projects to the Ministry of Defense in order to insure stable funding and political support within the government.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /r56.html (1215 words)

	THE SOVIET FRACTIONAL ORBITAL BOMBARDMENT SYSTEM (FOBS): (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Yangel effort to develop such a missile, called the R-36-O, was approved by a governmental decree signed on 16 April 1962.
		Yangelís R-36-O orbital bombardment missile was based on his superheavy R-36 (SS-9) ICBM.
		Following an official governmental order on 20 June 1970, Yangel tasked his engineers to re-adapt the stageís design and electronics for use as the third stage of the Tsiklon-3 space launch vehicle [21].
	home.earthlink.net /~cliched/spacecraft/fobs.html (3143 words)

	Nedelin Catastrophe [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		As a prototype of the missile was being prepared for a test flight, it spontaneously exploded on the launch pad, killing over 100 military personnel, engineers, and technicians working on the project.
		It was led by Leon Trotsky and marked the first officially communist revolution of the twentieth century, based upon the ideas of Karl Marx....
		The delay to the R-16 left the USSR falling behind the USA in ICBM development and prompted Khruschev's decision to install IRBMsAn intermediate-range ballistic missile, or IRBM, is a ballistic missile with a range of 2750-5500 km or 1719-3437 miles.
	www.wikimirror.com /Nedelin_catastrophe (1570 words)

	Ukraine: Missile Production/Dismantlement Facilities
		Academician Mykhaylo Kuzmych Yangel, previously head of Experimental Design Bureau No. 1 (OKB-1, currently RKK Energiya) of NII-88, became the first General Designer of OKB-586.
		Under the direction of Yangel and Budnik, who served as First Deputy General Designer, Experimental Design Bureau No.586 tackled the task of developing strategic missile complexes that would be produced by the A.M. Makarov Yuzhniy Machine-Building Plant, or Yuzhmash (currently known as Pivdenmash).[3,5].
		Yangel passed away in 1971 and was succeeded by Volodymyr Fedorovych Utkin, another of his deputies, who headed Yuzhnoye until 1990 when current General Director/General Designer Stanislav Mykolayovych Konyukhov assumed control over the organization.
	www.nti.org /db/nisprofs/ukraine/weafacil/ff_ukfcl.htm (8643 words)

	Zenit
		Currently, two- and three-stage Zenits are launched from Baikonur and three-stage Zenits from Sea Launch Co.'s off-shore platform.
		Zenit ("zenith") traces its roots to work carried out by Mikhail Yangel's design bureau in Dnipropetrovsk as early as December 1974.
		In March 1976, the Soviet government issued a decree to develop a two-stage vehicle, 11K77, which later became known as Zenit-2, principally for launching large spy satellites into polar low Earth orbits.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/Z/Zenit.html (329 words)

	R-5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		After reaching a velocity of 3044 m/s at burnout, the missile arced up to a maximum altitude 300 km during a 10.5 minute before impacting in the target area with an accuracy of 6 km in range, 5 km laterally.
		Due to the extensive work already done under Theme N-1, the 6 volume R-5 draft project was completed by Yangel and delivered on 30 November 1951.
		An official decree was issued in 1952 formally authorising development of the rocket with a 1000 km range specified.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/lvs/r5.htm (1703 words)

	The Nedelin Catastrophe
		There were also reports of the involvement of rocket designer Mikhail Yangel, who was not a member of the team behind Sputnik and the two previous Mars shots.
		The designer Yangel was in charge of the technical proceedings at the pad, it said, but at one point he became so nervous he stepped into a special fireproof hut for a cigarette.
		It was while he was inside that the rocket exploded, probably when a technician plugged the first stage's umbilical cable into the second stage's receptacle, causing a normally innocent command wire to trigger the ignition.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/therophe.htm (2660 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Nedelin Disaster
		Although the development was hampered by numerous unsolved technical problems, chief designer Yangel reluctantly agreed to deliver the first missile to the test range at what is now the Baikonur Cosmodrome in September 1960.
		Both Nedelin and Yangel hoped to please Premier Nikita Khrushchev by demonstrating a successful launch of the R-16 prior to November 7, the anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.
		The lives of Yangel and a few other high ranking officials were spared since they had stepped into a bunker to take a break mere minutes before the explosion.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/spacecraft/q0179.shtml (2350 words)

	Soviet Manned Lunar Projects Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		OKB-586 (Yangel) - the LK lunar lander and the engines for the lander Block E rocket stage.
		With Korolev dead, once again Glushko, Chelomei, and Yangel advocated development of the UR-700 or R-56 in lieu of the N1.
		No problems and Yangel is said to have died soon thereafter content that he had done his part for the program.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/articles/sovpart2.htm (6108 words)

	Sergei P. Korolev
		By April 1, 1953, as Korolev was preparing for the first launch of the R-11 rocket, he received approval from the Council of Ministers for development of the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), the R-7.
		To concentrate on development of the R-7, Korolev's other projects were reassigned to a new design bureau in Dnepropetrovsk headed by Korolev's assistant, Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel.
		This was the first of several design bureaus (some of which later competed with Korolev's) that would be spun off once Korolev had perfected a new technology.
	www.century-of-flight.freeola.com /Aviation%20history/space/Sergei%20P.%20Korolev.htm (1580 words)

	Moscow International Higher Business School Mirbis (Society of Honorary Professors)
		Mikhail T. Kalashnikov was born on 10 November 1919.
		General Lieutenant Kalashnikov is the world-famous army weapon designer, our great contemporary who has multiplied the glory of our Motherland by his talent and labour.
		In the same year he started working in the State Scientific and Research Institute of construction materials based on graphite (R&D Institute "Graphite") as a senior engineer.
	www.mirbis.ru /old/eng/pr_hon.html (4840 words)

	Korolev, Sputnik, and The International Geophysical Year
		Their paths diverged during World War II and in its aftermath they were working in different institutions, both contributing to the new long-range ballistic missile effort.
		In the first quarter of 1957, Yangel's Design Bureau at Dnepropetrovsk in Ukraine, on orders from ministerial boss Dmitriy F. Ustinov, had begun to explore the possibility of modifying their R-12 intermediate range ballistic missile into a satellite launch vehicle.
		Korolev, of course, kept close tabs on the development of PS-1 and continuously saw to it that the spherical satellite was kept spotlessly clean and shiny not only for its reflective qualities, but perhaps also for its overall aesthetic beauty.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/sputnik/siddiqi.html (7552 words)

	Lunar Republic : Craters
		As a professor at Kyoto University, he founded the Tenmon Doukoukai (Astronomy Association) in 1920, which became the Oriental Astronomical Association in 1932.
		Mikhail Kuzmich ~ (1911-1971), Soviet educator and rocketry scientist; served as chief designer at KB Yuzhnoe, a major developer of rocket and space technology, from 1954-1971.
		Charles Tyson ~ (1837-1905), American investment banker and traction magnate; financed the building of the Chicago streetcar system and the London Underground.
	www.lunarrepublic.com /gazetteer/crater_wxyz.shtml (1527 words)

	THE SOVIET MANNED LUNAR PROGRAM
		Modular blocks from the Proton program would have been used to assemble a rocket as powerful as the American Saturn V, with a lifting capability of 130 tonnes to low Earth orbit (Clark, 1992).
		But the T2K flew three times in Earth orbit because Mikhail Yangel insisted that his propulsion module be tested thoroughly before a manned landing was attempted (Pirard,1993).
		The vehicles were tested secretly under the Cosmos label, but Western observers monitoring them still suspected a link to the manned space program (Harvey,1996).
	www.fas.org /spp/eprint/lindroos_moon1.htm (9269 words)

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