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Topic: Milankovitch

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Milankovitch cycles

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	Milankovitch cycles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Milankovitch cycles are the collective effect of changes in the Earth's movements upon its climate, named after Serbian civil engineer and mathematician Milutin Milanković.
		The Milankovitch theory of climate change is not perfectly worked out; in particular, the largest response is at the 100,000 year timescale, but the forcing is apparently small at this scale, in regards to the ice ages, Various feedbacks (from carbon dioxide, or from ice sheet dynamics) are invoked to explain this discrepancy.
		Milankovitch studied changes in the eccentricity, obliquity, and precession of Earth's movements.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Milankovitch_cycles (2399 words)

	Milutin Milanković - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Milutin Milanković (Serbian Cyrillic: Милутин Миланковић) (also known as Milankovitch) (May 28, 1879, Dalj near Osijek, (Austria-Hungary) – December 12, 1958, Belgrade) was a Serbian geophysicist, best known for his theory of ice ages, relating variations of the Earth's orbit and long-term climate change, now known as Milankovitch cycles.
		For the second textbook, Milanković wrote four sections developing and formulating his theory of the secular motion of the Earth's poles, and his theory of glacial periods (Milankovitch cycles), which was built on earlier work by James Croll.
		Milankovitch Cycles and the Shift of the Tropic of Cancer
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Milankovitch (799 words)

	NOAA Paleoclimatology Program - Orbital Variations and Milankovitch Theory
		The Milankovitch or astronomical theory of climate change is an explanation for changes in the seasons which result from changes in the earth's orbit around the sun.
		The theory is named for Serbian astronomer Milutin Milankovitch, who calculated the slow changes in the earth's orbit by careful measurements of the position of the stars, and through equations using the gravitational pull of other planets and stars.
		Milankovitch, M. Mathematische Klimalehre und Astronomische Theorie der Klimaschwankungen, Handbuch der Klimalogie Band 1 Teil A Borntrager Berlin.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/milankovitch.html (862 words)

	08-03-44 : SUPPORT TO M. MILANKOVITCH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM ONPALEOCLIMATE AND THE EARTH CLIMATE SYSTEM: UNESCO
		Milankovitch's life and work, the colorful memories he left of the events of his time, and his opus as a poetical science writer, will also be highlighted.
		Milankovitch constantly kept a strong interest in the history of science, and has left behind a textbook on the history of astronomy, a comprehensive text on the history of civil engineering, and two popular books, with charming fictionalized texts on the history of astronomy and other exact sciences.
		Milutin Milankovitch was a pioneer in climate science, setting it on a path of analysis based on first principles as opposed to mere description; but also a man of poetic personality, who has left behind inspiring texts for young people embarking on careers in science to follow.
	portal.unesco.org /fr/ev.php-URL_ID=18800&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (1901 words)

	EO Library: Milutin Milankovitch Page 3
		Using these three orbital variations, Milankovitch was able to formulate a comprehensive mathematical model that calculated latitudinal differences in insolation and the corresponding surface temperature for 600,000 years prior to the year 1800.
		To do this, Milankovitch assumed that radiation changes in some latitudes and seasons are more important to ice sheet growth and decay than those in others.
		Milankovitch noticed that these cycles of orbital mechanics correspond to many indicators of past climate change, such as Ice Ages.
	eob.gsfc.nasa.gov /Library/Giants/Milankovitch/milankovitch_3.html (341 words)

	b33 The Milankovitch insolation hypothesis for climatic cycles
		Milankovitch found that the tilt of Earth's axis is a key player in what may trigger an ice age.
		Milankovitch had used for his astronomical calculations the mathematical solution for the behavior of the planets published by Ludwig Pilgrim, in 1904.
		To establish the relevance of the Milankovitch hypothesis to an understanding of climate variations, biofeedback mechanisms (Gaia) need to be identified that make orbital variations a pacemaker that triggers large long-term climate changes.
	geowords.com /histbooknetscape/b33.htm (1950 words)

	MS Thesis
		Documentation of orbitally-induced (Milankovitch) cyclicity in stratigraphic sequences is useful in establishing depositional rates and in documenting climatic control of biologic, sedimentologic, and hydrologic factors in lacustrine deposition.
		Milankovitch cyclicity was documented in Cretaceous fl shale sequences from Italy (Park and Herbert, 1987) and in Triassic lacustrine deposits in New York (Van Houten, 1964; Olsen, 1984).
		This result supports earlier studies of Milankovitch cyclicity, which report that the eccentricity variation is a major driving mechanism of climatic oscillation, and show that a nonlinear climate model must be invoked to produce 100 kyr power in geologic records (Hays and others, 1976, Prentice and Matthews, 1988).
	net.indra.com /~mbennett/thesis.html (12965 words)

	EO Library: Milutin Milankovitch
		The Serbian astrophysicist Milutin Milankovitch is best known for developing one of the most significant theories relating Earth motions and long-term climate change.
		Born in the rural village of Dalj, Serbia, Milankovitch attended the Vienna Institute of Technology and graduated in 1904 with a doctorate in technical sciences.
		Milankovitch dedicated his career to developing a mathematical theory of climate based on the seasonal and latitudinal variations of solar radiation received by the Earth.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Library/Giants/Milankovitch (232 words)

	The Milankovitch Theory
		The Milankovitch theory is an explanation of long term climate change.
		Milankovitch, being a mathematician, took Croll's work and set out to develop a mathematical theory of climate change.
		"Using these three orbital variations, Milankovitch was able to formulate a comprehensive mathematical model that calculated latitudinal differences in insolation and the corresponding surface temperature for 600,000 years prior to the year 1800"(Kaufman, 2002).
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/student/howard2/theory.htm (724 words)

	Global Climate Change Student Guide
		Milankovitch (1941) considered the changing seasonal (precession) and latitudinal (obliquity) patterns of incoming radiation to be critical factors in the growth of continental ice sheets and in the initiation of ice ages.
		He hypothesised that when axial tilt was small (large latitudinal temperature gradient), eccentricity was large and perihelion occurred during the Northern Hemisphere winter (warmer winters and colder summers), such a configuration would allow the persistence of accumulated snow throughout the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere.
		Indeed, Milankovitch himself had expected the direct effects of variations in insolation to be magnified by feedback processes, such as, at high latitudes, the ice albedo effect (section 2.7).
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /Resources/gcc/2-5-2-4.html (444 words)

	Milankovitch cycles
		Milankovitch cycles are cycles in the Earth's orbit that influence the amount of solar radiation striking different
		Milankovitch temporal frequencies occur at 100,000 yr, 41,000 yr, and 20,000 yr durations.
		Note that the two shorter-term Milankovitch cycles are sometimes in phase with the 100,000 yr.
	www.geocomplexity.com /milankovitch.htm (236 words)

	ATM S 211 Lecture Notes #0
		We are motivated to learn about the Milankovitch cycles owing to their apparent match with climate cycles during the ice ages.
		Milankovitch claimed that variations in the incoming solar radiation at 65N during summer was key.
		He did put forward the theory that the periodic changes of climate between glacial and interglacial are related to the orbital changes of the Earth.
	www.atmos.washington.edu /2004Q4/211/Lecture19_notes.html (571 words)

	The Seasons and the Earth's Orbit - Milankovitch Cycles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		We have all been taught that the seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation - the 23.4° offset of the axis from a direction perpendicular to the Earth's orbital plane.
		Milankovitch's work was an attempt at explaining the ice ages, and it built upon previous astronomical theories of climate variation postulated by Joseph Adhemar and James Croll in the 19th century.
		Although the Milankovitch theory is well-grounded astronomically, it remains controversial.
	aa.usno.navy.mil /faq/docs/seasons_orbit.html (1561 words)

	Ice age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, many now believe that anthropogenic (manmade) forcing from increased "greenhouse gases" would outweigh any Milankovitch (orbital) forcing; and some recent considerations of the orbital forcing have even argued that in the absence of human perturbations the present interglacial could potentially last 50,000 years.
		The "traditional" Milankovitch explanation struggles to explain the dominance of the 100,000-year cycle over the last 8 cycles.
		Richard A. Muller and Gordon J. MacDonald [2] [3] [4] and others have pointed out that those calculations are for a two-dimensional orbit of Earth but the three-dimensional orbit also has a 100 thousand year cycle of orbital inclination.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ice_age (2011 words)

	Milutin Milankovitch
		During his lifetime, Milankovitch was a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences, the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, the German Academy of Naturalists, the Leopoldine Halle, and the Italian Institute of Palentology.
		"Milankovitch dedicated his career to developing a mathematical theory of climate based on the seasonal and latitudinal variations of solar radiation received by the earth"(Kaufman, 2002).
		Milankovitch wrote around 70 books and papers, some of them dealing with the before mention topic of ancient climate and other dealing with popular astronomy.
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/student/howard2/man.htm (408 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Milankovitch cycles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Milankovitch cycles is the name given to the collective effect of changes in the Earth's movements upon its climate.
		The Milankovitch Theory of Climate Change is not perfectly worked out: in particular the largest response is at the 100,000 year timescale but the forcing is apparently small at this scale - see Ice age for more discussion.
		Various feedbacks (from CO, or from ice sheet dynamics) are invoked to explain this discrepancy.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Milankovitch_cycles (1660 words)

	New astronomical results refine the Geological Time Scale
		Following Milankovitch's theory of the paleoclimate that describes how major climatic changes on Earth are affected by astronomical events, these results have been employed to provide a new calibration of the sedimentary records over the 0 — 23.03 Myr geological period (the so-called Neogen period).
		In 1976, Milankovitch's theory was validated in the landmark work of Hays, Imbrie and Shackleton, who measured the change in continental ice volume over time through the variation of the isotopic ratio of oxygen in marine sediments.
		After Milankovitch first used Le Verrier's computational results to establish his theory of paleoclimate cycles, teams from the Paris Observatory have been involved in the contribution of astronomy to paleoclimatic studies.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-10/jaa-nar102504.php (1639 words)

	[No title]
		On the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the birth of Milutin Milankovitch, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is organizing an international symposium aimed at reviewing the state-of-the-art of climate science as it relates to the scientific and professional work of Milankovitch.
		Milankovitch`s life and work, the colorful memories he has left of the events of his time, and his opus as a poetic science writer, will also be highlighted.
		And finally, Milankovitch discovered, every 41,000 years there is a change in the tilt of the planet's axis, moving either the Northern or Southern Hemisphere farther from the Sun.
	www.teslasociety.com /milankovic.htm (2446 words)

	THE MILANKOVITCH THEORY AND THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Topic I: The Milankovitch hypothesis, how it was first generally accepted only to be disgarded when the absolute geological time scale was established.
		Milankovitch reasoned that what was most important for the formation and maintenance of ice sheets was
		The Milankovitch Theory II Initially the Milankovitch theory was quite favorably received.
	www.vedur.is /~halldor/HB/205Bold/Lecture3.html (536 words)

	Milankovitch cycles - CreationWiki
		The Milankovitch cycle is the theoretical effect of changes in the Earth's movements upon its climate.
		The theory is that the eccentricity in the Earth's orbit, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit produce 100,000 year ice age cycles in Earth's climate.
		There are problems when it comes to reconciling the theory of Milankovitch cycles with reality, even if one assumes uniformitarian interpretations of the data.
	www.creationwiki.net /index.php?title=Milankovitch_cycles (357 words)

	Milankovitch theory and Global Change
		The two main sources of external control of the Earth's climate are the Milankovitch cycle and the output of radiation by the sun.
		The Milankovitch theory involves three aspects of the Earth's rotation around the sun--the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit, the obliquity of the Earth's axis, and the precession of the Earth's axis.
		The Milankovitch theory has been justified by the extraction of sediment layers that vary in carbonate material, indicating a cycle of warming and cooling trends.
	www.gly.fsu.edu /~kish/dynamic/global/LAS.htm (945 words)

	Milankovitch and Tuning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		For the purposes of Milankovitch theory, however, we are interested in how this precession changes the insolation incident on the earth.
		show that a concentration of variance at the Milankovitch bands and high coherence between the record and variation in insolation are insufficient to ensure the accuracy of a tuned chronology.
		It seems that in the absence of evidence for the superior accuracy of a tuned chronology, it is most straight forward to adopt the simplest age-depth relationship that explains the known facts.
	www.mit.edu /~phuybers/General (7419 words)

	Views of the National Parks
		Milutin Milankovitch recognized that minor changes in Earth’s orbit around the sun and in the tilt of Earth’s axis causes slight but important variations in the amount of solar energy that reaches any given latitude on Earth’s surface.
		By reconstructing and dating the history of climatic variations over hundreds of thousands of years, scientists have shown that fluctuations of climate on glacial-interglacial time scales match the predictable cyclic changes in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt.
		In the case of the Milankovitch Cycles, orbit is used to describe the path the Earth follows as it circles the Sun.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /views/KCs/Milankovitch/ET_Milankovitch.htm (578 words)

	Milankovitch Cycles and Glaciation
		Variations in the Earth's eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession comprise the three dominant cycles, collectively known as the Milankovitch Cycles for Milutin Milankovitch, the Serbian astronomer and mathematician who is generally credited with calculating their magnitude.
		The three Milankovitch Cycles impact the seasonality and location of solar energy around the Earth, thus impacting contrasts between the seasons.
		Axial tilt, the second of the three Milankovitch Cycles, is the inclination of the Earth's axis in relation to its plane of orbit around the Sun.
	www.indiana.edu /~geol105/images/gaia_chapter_4/milankovitch.htm (694 words)

	Time
		It is thought that the Milankovitch cycles serve as triggers which start the stages of glacial and interglacial periods.
		Milankovitch cycles are cycles in the Earth’s orbit that influence the amount of solar radiation strking different parts of the Earth at different times of the year.
		Thus, there is direct evidence of the Milankovitch cycles as being, at least trigger cause of glacial periods.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~geol445/hyperglac/time2 (1100 words)

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