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Topic: Militant Clerics Society

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Politics of Iran

Mohammad Khatami

In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	The Middle East Under Pax Americana 2003-2004, Ted Thornton, NMH, Northfield Mount Hermon
		The plan further called for the dismantling of Palestinian militant groups, the setting up of a provisional Palestinian state with temporary borders by the end of 2003, and the creation of a permanent state within three years (President Bush had first called for the creation of a Palestinian state in October of 2001 (see also).
		On September 1, 2004, Chechen militants seized a school in the Russian town of Beslan near the border with Chechnya and hundreds were taken hostage, including schoolchildren on their first day of school for the year.
		The militants demanded the withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya and the release of Chechnyan rebels from Russian jails.
	www.nmhschool.org /tthornton/mehistorydatabase/middle_east_under_pax_americana.php (9282 words)

	Iran
		The Special Clerical Court (SCC) system, established in 1987 to investigate offenses and crimes committed by clerics and which the Supreme Leader oversees directly, is not provided for in the constitution and operates outside the domain of the judiciary.
		In particular, critics alleged that the clerical courts were used to prosecute certain clerics for expressing controversial ideas and for participating in activities outside the area of religion, including journalism.
		The cleric had been arrested in 2000, charged with the capital crimes of apostasy and "corruption on earth," in conjunction with speeches he had made at a 2000 conference on reform in Berlin.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71421.htm (8477 words)

	Civil Society and the Rule of Law in the Constitutional Politics of Iran Under Khatami –Iranian president ...
		Although the draft was altered beyond recognition by the clerically dominated Assembly of Experts, the offices of the President and the Prime Minister were retained for the executive branch of government from the French model.
		Civil society in the sense of an autonomous sphere of associations whose growth is facilitated by the legal system is therefore an empty slogan.
		Civil society, if not a misnomer, may be an imperfect term for capturing the new type of political space and new forms of agency that have emerged in Iran since 1997.
	www.iranchamber.com /government/articles/civil_society_politics_iran_khatami.php (4975 words)

	Iran Political Summary
		The “three pillars of society” common to almost all Islamic states, and even to some of the European states, is the foundation for politics.
		The secular-intelligentsia became the civil servants of government, a professional class, and the champions of a public press, while the clerical intelligentsia continued to be the teachers, poets, and scholars.
		Ayatollah Khamenei is a third generation cleric, a former prisoner of the Shah, a victim of terrorism, and a former Friday prayer Leader in Tehran.
	www.s2online.org /news/country/Iraq/IRANpol.htm (7399 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Iran elections: Key people and parties
		The aim was to adopt a unified strategy and to field the greatest number of joint candidates in the 2000 elections.
		Militant Clerics Society: Secretary-general is Mehdi Karrubi, outgoing Majlis speaker.
		He is a candidate for Tehran and is secretary-general of the Militant Clerics Society.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/3496723.stm (623 words)

	Iraqi clerics : Paul Johnson's beheading :"caused harm to Islam's reputation and Muslims abroad" and it "would have ...
		This should have given him some degree of 'protection' against militant Islamists who are supposed to adhere to a strict interpretation of Sha'ria law which supposedly safeguards infidel sojourners.
		Exposing them to Western society only heightens their loathing of it, even as they partake of its freedoms.
		But Saudi clerics insist beheading is only allowed in the case of criminal convictions -- not in the killing of innocents.
	www.militantislammonitor.org /article/id/144 (1908 words)

	Younger Clerics Showing Power in Iraq's Unrest - New York Times
		But that hope gave way to the realization that the clerics could do as much harm as good, and for the first time since the toppling of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi authorities imposed a daytime curfew to keep people from attending the sermons.
		The violence and new militancy has come in part from a competition among Shiite factions to be seen as the protectors of the Shiite masses.
		"There are clerics who are very moderate and who understand what the current situation demands, and there are clerics who have political agendas and who marshal forces for their own gain," said Joost Hiltermann, the Middle East director of the International Crisis Group.
	www.nytimes.com /2006/02/26/international/middleeast/26clerics.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5088&en=5e375361c34b1e3a&ex=1298610000&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (908 words)

	ASMA SOCIETY \| American Society for Muslim Advancement
		He says the principles and history of Islam are not only consistent with democracy but demand it, and argues that the rift between the West and the Muslim world is political and not fundamentally a clash of religions.
		This is the essential theme of Islam and the other Abrahamic traditions, and it is embodied in the two major commandments, which are to love God and love human beings, and to treat human beings the way you would want to be treated.
		The fundamental principles of a society define its religion, not in the liturgical sense of religion but in the sense of the laws by which that society will govern itself.
	www.asmasociety.org /about/p_press_11.html (3778 words)

	Gulf Times – Qatar’s top-selling English daily newspaper - Pakistan/Afghanistan
		The clerics accuse the women, including Pakistanis employed by foreign non-government organisations (NGOs), of dressing improperly, mixing with men and drinking alcohol, which is banned in Islamic Pakistan.
		The clerics have not said what action they might take if the women aid workers are not asked to leave.
		Jamaat-ud-Dawa, an Islamic charity with links with a banned militant organisation, Lashkar-e-Taiba, is active in the area, and its officials in Balakot told Reuters they supported the allegations against the foreign aid workers.
	www.gulf-times.com /site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=99230&version=1&template_id=41&parent_id=23 (782 words)

	EurasiaNet Civil Society - Kyrgyzstan: Organized Opposition and Civil Unrest
		The civil society component of the opposition comprises several human rights and non-governmental organizations formed in the early 1990’s with the solid backing of international donors.
		As noted, among the political reasons for their resurgence are the growing authoritarianism and ineffectualness of Akayev’s regime, the radicalization of politics and the inability of the authorities to address the threat of Islamic militant groups.
		The Open Society Institute-New York is a private operating and grantmaking foundation that promotes the development of open societies around the world by supporting educational, social, and legal reform, and by encouraging alternative approaches to complex and controversial issues.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/civilsociety/articles/eav121602.shtml (4774 words)

	4601
		Some radical clerical leaders urged the regime to abandon its effort to appear legitimate in Western eyes by urging people to vote.
		Reformers and their Western supporters had put out the rumor that a Reformer victory in the Assembly of Experts election could herald a change in the structure of the Islamic Republic, perhaps a reduction in the power of the Supreme Leader, who is not elected by popular vote.
		But many clerics also support the movement of removing the clergy from positions of political power; most of them, such as Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Rouhani, who died in July 1997, have been under house arrest for years.
	www.iran.org /tib/public/5216.htm (571 words)

	Pornosophic Society
		And it is precisely in these categories---nature and culture---that the Church and society have been clashing for at least since the time of the Renaissance.
		And from that time it has seemed to succeeding generations of the intellectual heirs of modernity that the Church has played the reactionary, impinging on the autonomy of “science” to determine what is human, normal, harmless, and thus good, with respect to human sexuality.
		It would be naïve in the extreme to think that members of the Church, or religion itself for that matter, from clerics and theologians to teachers and lay persons could entirely escape the effects of the Sexual Revolution.
	pornnomore.com /SteveHandArticle.htm (1530 words)

	Amputations, beheadings, hangings, and executions continue in Muslim world - while Muhammed cartoons spark outrage - ...
		MIM: It should be publicly known that amputations and beheadings are supported by clerics based in the UK and Europe and are not just a phenomenon in the Middle East or Asia.
		However in the Muslim society, public executions does keep crime levels down and this is a fact.
		Philips extolled the low crime rate in Saudi society, noting that it had a population equal to New York City but had less murders in a year then NYC has in a week.
	www.militantislammonitor.org /article/id/1653 (1268 words)

	The History of Political and Militant Islam in Syria
		To compensate for the losses it inflicted in 1982, the regime constructed hundreds of mosques throughout the country, and encouraged people to be pious but not fundamentalist and militant, as the Brotherhood had been.
		In order to defeat political Islam in the long-term, the Ba’ath regime continues to promote moderate Islam through regime-friendly clerics like the deputy Mohammad Habash, the Aleppo-based preacher Mohammad Kamil al-Husayni, and new Grand Mufti Ahmad Hassoun, who has announced that he is categorically opposed to political and militant Islam.
		One of these clerics, for example, has a sign on the gates of his mosque in Aleppo saying: “No to explosions!” There is some speculation that in the event of the sudden demise of the Ba’ath regime, the Brothers and their militant allies would quickly acquire ownership of the Syrian state.
	jamestown.org /terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2369768 (1815 words)

	The Militant - 4/5/99 -- `La Gaceta' Discusses Cultural Influence Of Blacks In Cuba
		Slaves were owned by whites, mulattos, fls, and Chinese, as well as by artisans, peasants, laymen, clerics, masons, and members of the abakuá," the latter being secret societies formed originally by freed fl men in Cuba.
		Five fl men - at least two of whom were members of abakuá societies - were killed while attempting to rescue the students facing the firing squad.
		If that capacity is coupled with an effort to lead society "to look truthfully and without prevarications deep into its own bosom," Martínez concludes, one can envision the "extraordinary force" the Cuban revolution can rely upon to wage the fight to eliminate racial discrimination as well as any other challenges before it.
	www.themilitant.com /1999/6313/6313_20.html (1995 words)

	Why the Waziristan deal is a hard sell -DAWN - Top Stories; October 14, 2006
		The first two in the list are top militant clerics and the remaining six were nominated by them to co-sign the agreement, sources say, adding that they were all pardoned by the government subsequent to the deal.
		The death of a local militant commander, Maulvi Mir Kalam, and his men in an operation across the border and the capture of 10 of their comrades by security forces is a case in point.
		In essence, there are two main verifiable clauses in the agreement: one, that the militants would not attack government forces and installations and, two, that the government, for its part, would not undertake any ground or air offensive.
	www.dawn.com /2006/10/14/top7.htm (1195 words)

	SCHUMER URGES STATE TO REMOVE MILITANT CLERICS RIGHT AWAY; NY PRISON CHAPLAINS SPREADING AL QAEDA- TYPE EXTREMISM TO ...
		These clerics wield a monopoly over the kind of Islam that is preached to the prison system's Muslim inmates, spreading the same extremist Wahhabism responsible for spawning terrorist groups like al-Qaeda and Hezbollah.
		The cleric however, was reported to have said that the attacks were punishments on the wicked and that the victims deserved what they got.
		Hundreds of prisoners have written letters to the Imam Al Khoei Islamic Center in Queens complaining that Umar's clerics identify all non-Wahhabis as heretics and deviants who are part of a Jewish conspiracy to undermine their religion.
	www.senate.gov /~schumer/SchumerWebsite/pressroom/press_releases/PR01459.html (983 words)

	Militants - Indonesia Matters
		Those who were incorrigible and whose zealotry couldn’t be reined in were no longer permitted to preach, said the Sheikh, who is in Indonesia as part of the government’s combating terrorism agenda.
		Militant clerics are untouchable because they have the covert backing of the main Muslim political parties in Indonesia, and because the current govt is a coalition, they must turn a blind eye in order to maintain the coalition, so they can pass laws, etc, etc…
		To eradicate the clerics, then the govt has to offend these parties on which they rely on for political support; until there is a majority government in the parliament who doesn’t need to rely on minority parties, the clerics are untouchable and Indonesian society will continue to suffer …
	www.indonesiamatters.com /1155/militants (2699 words)

	Baha'i News -- The lineaments of Islamic democracy
		Having staked their existence on a secular vision of society, the discredited ideologies of Middle Eastern states began to give way to a new doctrine that was explicitly grounded in the region's religious and cultural heritage.
		While Iran's militant clerics struggled with the demands of governance, their radical counterparts elsewhere formed parties such as Egypt's Gamma al- Islamiyya and at-Jihad, Jordan's Hizb alTahrir, and Palestine's Islamic Jihad and Hamas, insisting that violence was an appropriate response to states that were inculcating Western values at the expense of Islamic ones.
		Iran's progressive clerics are using a pragmatic interpretation of the religious texts to fend off the hard-line clerics and construct durable representative institutions.
	www.uga.edu /bahai/2002/020223-9.html (4724 words)

	Saudi Arabia - Terrorism
		Ideological infiltration of Palestinian society by the Saudis in this way is reminiscent of their involvement in the madrassa system of Pakistan during the 1980s, that gave birth to the Taliban and other pro bin-Laden groups.
		Militant Saudi texts extolling martyrdom were infiltrated into schools throughout the West Bank and Gaza Strip, creating a whole generation of students that absorbed their extremist messages.
		But traditionally, the Saudis need the backing of their clerics to legitimize their regime; that is the heart of the Saudi-Wahhabi covenant that dates back to the eighteenth century.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp504.htm (5482 words)

	Islamic State and Civil Society in Iran by Ali Banuazizi
		With the erosion of such religious legitimacy, the clerics’ monopoly on power is certain to be challenged from within, unless serious political reforms are undertaken to broaden political participation and to limit the stifling role of the state in the many spheres of public and private life.
		More generally, the clerics’ abuses of power, their mismanagement of the economy, their suffocating control over the cultural life of the country, and involvement by some among them in massive corruption schemes, have severely undermined their once-considerable moral authority as the pious men of sacred knowledge.
		Third, there are those who view the concept as ideologically neutral in terms of the ultimate goals and values of society, but useful as a basis for structuring state‑society relations, protecting the relative autonomy and freedom of citizens and their associations, and promoting a more tolerant, pluralistic and democratic order.
	www.dayan.org /mel/banuazizi.htm (2506 words)

	Militant Clerics Society
		Militant Clerics Society is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Khatami is regarded as Iran's first reformist president, since the focus of his campaign was on the rule of law, democracy and the inclusion of all Iranians in the political decision-making process.
		In his "letter for tomorrow", He wrote: "This government is proud to announce that it heralded era where sanctity of position has been turned into the legitimacy of critique and criticism of that power, which is in the trust of the people who have been delegated with power to function as representatives through franchise.
	www.experiencefestival.com /militant_clerics_society (1095 words)

	Citizens For Peace and Tolerance - Promoting a Hate-Free America
		The presence of militants like Bakri has earned the British capital the sobriquet "Londonistan" among diplomats and terrorism experts, who see London as a worldwide center of Islamic terrorism.
		But other clerics continue to take advantage of official British tolerance to openly espouse jihad and support for al Qaeda.
		He is in jail facing extradition to the United States on charges of aiding al Qaeda and other militant groups.
	www.hatefreeamerica.com /n071403.htm (1694 words)

	UNHCR - Update to the UNHCR CDR Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Iran
		Khatemi, himself a cleric, is said to be “aiming for.
		Organized militant gangs of hezbollahis act as vigilante groups or street fighters, and are reportedly used by the fundamentalist clergy to agitate anti-government demonstrations, or to intimidate secular opposition factions (Revolutionary and Dissident Movements, 1991, 148; U.S.
		The new organization is headed by the 60-year old cleric Mohammed Ali Taskhiri, and unites the Organization for Islamic Information, the World Assembly of the House of the Prophet, the Assembly for the Unification of Islamic Doctrines, the Information Bureau of Qom, and the Foundation for the Martyrs (Le Monde du Renseignement, 4 June 1998).
	www.unhcr.org /publ/RSDCOI/3ae6a6544.html (14022 words)

	Saudi Effort Draws on Radical Clerics to Combat Lure of Al-Qaeda - washingtonpost.com
		RIYADH, Saudi Arabia -- Saudi Arabia has mobilized some of its most militant clerics, including one Osama bin Laden sought to recruit as his spiritual guide, in a campaign to combat the continuing appeal of al-Qaeda's ideology in the kingdom.
		Abdel Mohsen al-Obeikan, a former militant cleric now playing a prominent part in the reeducation program, compared the challenge to the war on drugs in the United States.
		Jones said he doubted, however, that the cleric was changing many minds among those "leaning toward jihad or at least supporting jihadism." He noted that the Islamic jurist has been pilloried regularly by Islamic militants in satirical Internet postings.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/06/AR2006050601072_pf.html (1330 words)

	The Order of Planes Militant
		Increase has adopted a more militaristic policy then the Prefect's before her, focusing the sect's resources and manpower on raiding the Lower Planes rather then spreading the word of good.
		Some Metropolitans have been obscure clerics who stand idly by while fiends corrupt the sect's members.
		The current Metropolitan is Purity III, a cleric who has made a name for himself as an easily accessible listener and healer.
	www.mimir.net /sects/planesmilitant.shtml (2477 words)

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