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Topic: Military Aid to the Civil Power

	Military Aid to the Civil Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		MACP is one of the fundamental military tasks of the British Army.
		The Toronto Snow Storm of 1999, in which 300 reservists were activated in response to a request for aid to the civil power to assist in snow removal, is a notable exception to this norm as the deployment was deemed to be a trivialization of the military's emergency response role.
		This strict separation between civil and military power was enacted to prevent the army from becoming a political power again in internal affairs and to secure its subordination to the civil power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_Aid_to_the_Civil_Power (1003 words)

	Military Aid to the Civil Community - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		MACC is one of the fundamental military tasks of the British Army.
		Unlike "Military Aid to the Civil Power", the procedures are much less formal and decision-making is decentralized.
		Since the military does not act in a police role when called out under these provisions, the main issue is the level of government that pays for this aid; in principle, when a province requests aid, it must pay the bill.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_Aid_to_the_Civil_Community (472 words)

	Aid to (or of) the Civil Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Aid to (or of) the Civil Power (ACP) is a legal process used by civil governments.
		It enables them to call out the military to help maintain public order when their local police forces are unable to do so.
		In 1924 the power to call out the troops moved from local governments to the attorney general in each province.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?ArticleId=J0000082 (117 words)

	Armed force Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Militaries in many larger countries are divided into an army, an air force, and a navy (if necessary).
		On the other hand they may also harm a society by engaging in counter-productive (or merely unsuccessful) warfare, by domestic repression, or simply by supporting the idea that violence (or the threat thereof) is the way to get what one wants.
		Military investment in science and technology has brought many side benefits, although some argue that greater benefits would come from targetting the money directly at wanted technologies and basic science.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/a/ar/armed_force.html (564 words)

	A Critical Consideration of the Use of the Aid to Civil Power Provision Against Aboriginal Peoples in Light ...
		Under the aid to civil power provision, a provincial attorney general may requisition the military where the attorney general is of the opinion that a riot or disturbance of the peace is either occurring or is considered by him or her as “likely to occur”.
		The military remain called out in aid to the civil power until such time as the Attorney General who requisitioned the military advises the CDS that the military is no longer required.
		The ability of a provincial attorney general to requisition the military under the aid to civil power provision, therefore, may appear to be somewhat of an anomaly.
	www.cda-cdai.ca /symposia/2002/haslip.htm (6927 words)

	Aid to (or of) the Civil Power
		Aid to (or of) the Civil Power, the calling out of military troops by the civil authorities to help maintain or restore public order.
		Following the acquisition of ACADIA in 1713 and Canada in 1760, the British army garrison troops in BNA replied to requests for ACP in accordance with their military regulations.
		In 1924 the power of calling out troops was moved from local authorities to provincial attorneys general.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?ArticleId=A0000082 (359 words)

	British Army - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Before the Civil War, the army was raised as required by the King, who would warrant gentlemen to raise companies, this being a direct throwback to the feudal concept of fief where a lord had to raise a certain quota of knights, men at arms and yeomanry.
		After the Civil War, parliament assumed control of the Army, and standing companies based on Cromwell's New Model Army formed the concept of the first regiments.
		Cromwell's companies did not yet assume the unique names that came later to be associated with British Army Regiments, instead they would name their companies after psalms or biblical phrases, or were often identified with the gentleman (typically with the rank of Colonel) who had raised the company, eg Monck's Regiment of Foot.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /b/br/british_army.html (1340 words)

	UKDS 2004 - Chapter 7 - Northern Ireland and Military Aid to the Civil Community: Introduction
		Two of the military tasks under the defence mission Standing Home Commitments are: Military Aid to the Civil Power in Northern Ireland and Military Aid to the Civil Authorities.
		Military Aid to the Civil Power in Northern Ireland supports the police in the defeat of terrorism and in the maintenance of public order in order to assist HM Government's objective of returning to normality.
		Military Aid to the Civil Community is the provision of Service personnel and equipment, both in emergencies and in routine situations, to assist the community at large.
	www.dasa.mod.uk /natstats/ukds/2004/c7/intro.html (455 words)

	Army and Terrorism in Sindh
		Mr Bhutto imposed a 'Funny Martial Law (ML), termed as 'M.L in aid of civil power' in three towns; the worst affected was Karachi.
		But instead of kicking the police and civil administration to stand up and resume their normal responsibility as front line authority, he was side tracked to unwanted non-military duties to prove that the Army was panacea for all the ills of civil administration and society.
		Sum UP The role of Army in 'Aid of Civil Power' or as new developing in a sort of mini 'Martial Law in aid of Civil Power', both are provided constitutional protection.
	defencejournal.com /feb-mar99/army-terrorism.htm (1725 words)

	Queen's peace - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The counterbalance was that the Crown was responsible for the damage caused by the Riot — the Crown having failed in its prerogative duty to preserve the peace.
		This is not a criminal or civil offence — it exists as a legal oddity created by the Royal Prerogative.
		The police frequently use this power to break up difficult situations or minor fights — and often then detain someone for breach of the peace, take them round the corner, and once they are satisfied that the fight is over, let them go.
	www.recipeland.com /encyclopaedia/index.php/Queen%27s_peace (687 words)

	Martial Law
		Persons in military custody will be held under authority of the United States and a writ of habeas corpus issued from a State court should be met with a return declining to produce in court the body of the prisoner on the ground that he is held under the authority of the United States.
		Military Analyst Major Dowell observed, "[i]n cases of the exercise of military force in the suppression of internal disorders, the military man is liable to civil suit or even to criminal prosecution after the emergency ceases."
		The military assistance to BATF from active duty and National Guard units was based upon allegations (later discovered to be unsubstantiated) of an active methamphetamine lab in the Davidian compound.
	www.gunowners.org /prespower.htm (8123 words)

	LLRX.com - The Posse Comitatus Act: A Resource Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The term “posse comitatus,” literally translated as the power of the county, first appeared in English law in 1411 with the passage of a riot act calling for the sheriffs and justice of the peace together with the “poair de counte” to arrest rioters (13 Hen.
		1, stat.2, c.5 (1714)) clearly intended the posse comitatus to be under the control of civil not military authorities, and for those arrested to be subject to the due process of the law of the land and not martial law.
		Employment of Troops in Aid of Civil Authorities, 32 CFR 501.
	www.llrx.com /features/posse.htm (3657 words)

	Case of the WV Coal Mine Wars, 1920-1921
		Although intervention in labor disputes was a relatively routine duty for army personnel by 1920, the interventions in West Virginia represented a watershed in the history of the army role in suppressing domestic disorders.
		Confronted by an overwhelming combination of state-recruited sheriffs' posses and soon to be dispatched federal military forces, whom the miners surmised sided with the operators, the march was quickly terminated.
		The procedures which brought federal military interventions in West Virginia represented a policy transition by the army and the federal government away from the wartime expedient of direct access to regulars by state and local authorities back to pre-war constitutional and statutory procedures.
	www.geocities.com /MadisonAvenue/Boardroom/4278/wvh.htm (9128 words)

	United Kingdom - Strategic Defence Review - Supporting Essays - Essay 6
		Military Aid to the Civil Power in Great Britain is provided for the direct maintenance or restoration of law and order in situations beyond the capacity of the civil power to resolve in any other way.
		Military Aid to the Civil Power in Northern Ireland supports the Royal Ulster Constabulary in maintaining law and order and combating terrorism through the conduct of operations to deter terrorist activity.
		Military forces are made available upon request, where operational commitments and resources allow, to support the counter-drugs activities of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom and the Overseas Territories, and in support of the international counter-drugs effort.
	www.resdal.org /Archivo/gb-essay6.htm (8533 words)

	West Virginia History Volume 50
		Federal military interventions to maintain or restore civil authority threatened by unrest or riots originating from labor disputes was not unknown duty to army personnel.
		The general's actions were consistent with the direct access policy permitting intervention without prior civil or military approval in situations of extraordinary or imminent danger.
		In a complete reversal of the policy followed on every occasion that federal troops were called to aid civil officials since spring 1917, Secretary Baker now severely limited the possible number of situations in which states could obtain rapid and direct federal military aid.
	www.wvculture.org /history/journal_wvh/wvh50-1.html (9162 words)

	Urbana-Champaign Independent Media Center: newswire/1807 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In this case, Chief Charles Ramsey's unilateral assumption of dictatorial powers over downtown Washington includes the building a nine foot wall, restricting the right of travel to those of whom the police approve, the removal of post office and newspaper boxes, and a ban on mail and express deliveries.
		In other words, he has an almost unrestrained power to act toward insurrectionary citizens as if they were enemies of the United States, and thus place them outside the protection of the constitution.
		Manifestly it cannot be instituted at the caprice of an executive or a military commander.
	www.ucimc.org /newswire/display/1807/index.php (1240 words)

	Statement on the Defence Estimates 1996
		Maintained primarily for military purposes in peace and war, they are also available to assist the civil authorities.
		Following the transfer of Flag Officer Sea Training from Portland to Plymouth in September, the military requirement for SAR cover from Portland ceased and the Royal Navy Sea Kings from HMS Osprey were relocated to meet current operational tasks, being replaced on a provisional basis by a Coastguard helicopter.
		Military activities include sea and air surveillance, and assistance to the civil authorities in dealing with suspicious or illegal activities.
	www.fas.org /news/uk/mod96/ch2.htm (2506 words)

	The Americans are Sowing Dragons' Teeth in Iraq
		The US forces are a form of military aid to the civil power - just like the British Army in Northern Ireland.
		Either this is an armed conflict, in which case the 1949 Geneva Conventions apply, or else they are giving aid to the provisional Iraqi government, in which case they must be subject to its laws.
		In terms of strategy, the current military buzz-word is "effects-based operations": operations to achieve a desired end by co-ordinated attacks not only on the target's people and weapons, but on his will to fight.
	www.commondreams.org /views04/1117-25.htm (1005 words)

	Statement on the Defence Estimates 1996
		As described in paragraph 145, we are negotiating actively to conclude an effectively-verifiable Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty as early as possible this year; and believe that such a Treaty could play a useful role in the international non-proliferation regime.
		These define the military activities which the Department and the armed forces are required to undertake to give effect to the Government's security and defence policies and thus provide an explicit link between policy goals and the forces which achieve them.
		The first is the key role that NATO will play in developing the military aspects of the response to future challenges.
	www.fas.org /news/uk/mod96/ch1a.htm (1845 words)

	On Power: The Independent Institute
		The result is ever increasing state power, which endures long after each crisis has passed--fostering extensive corporate welfare and pork, raising taxes, and undermining civil and economic liberties and economic growth.
		As government power grows, writes Dr. Higgs, such dependent constituencies become stronger and government achieves a special form of autonomy.
		In short, the expanding of government’s economic and social power is deeply intertwined with the pursuit of war and empire.
	www.onpower.org (545 words)

	Scenario 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Throughout Canadian history, provinces have been able to call upon the armed forces to maintain or restore law and order where it is beyond the power of civil authorities to do so.
		The requirement for Aid of the Civil Power cannot be predicted and, consequently, the following hypothetical situation is for planning purposes only.
		The 1994 Defence White Paper states “The Canadian Forces may be called upon to assist civil authorities in situations other than Aid of the Civil Power.
	www.vcds.forces.gc.ca /dgsp/pubs/rep-pub/dda/scen/scen-7_e.asp (687 words)

	Dáil Éireann - Volume 412 - 05 November, 1991 - Written Answers. - Defence Forces Aid to Civil Power.
		Bell asked the Minister for Defence if he will outline the nature of activities undertaken by the Defence Forces in relation to aid to the civil power since 1985, including air ambulance; the procedures for the Garda Síochána requesting military assistance, and the number of such operations undertaken by year since 1985.
		The Defence Forces pursuant to their role of rendering aid to the civil power assist the Garda as required.
		Requests for aid to the civil power are normally made by a member of the Garda Síochána not below the rank of inspector.
	www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie /D/0412/D.0412.199111050115.html (158 words)

	Aid to a Civil Power Aden 1956 to 1957
		Aid to a Civil Power Aden 1956 to 1957
		By this time ambulances and civil medical staff had arrived and began to take care of the wounded.
		The Officers then went to talk to the representatives of the Oil companies while the policemen in the police station came out and started to do their duties.
	www.britains-smallwars.com /Aden/Rabbi1.htm (801 words)

	British Police and Security Combat Terrorism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Home Office gives the police the powers and funding they need to do their job.
		It is the judgment of the police as to when military support is needed and what form it should take, and where and how it should be deployed.
		There, as always, the police operational commander decided, with the military commander, what troops and equipment were deployed, and where and how.
	www.michnews.com /artman/publish/printer_8688.shtml (1009 words)

	Flagrancy to Reason
		New York City police and their union, the Police Benevolent Association, are suing the NYPD for spying on them at rallies and demonstrations held during their contract dispute with the city in the summer of 2004.
		Aboriginal specimens such as that should probably be preserved by isolation before their innocence is despoiled by the power to not be offended [via schwarz].
		I advised him of my view that the Executive branch is continually and improperly seeking to grab power, and that the separation of powers requires the judiciary to be ever-vigilant in stopping abuse of power by the President and protecting the powers of the other two branches.
	www.flagrancy.net (2663 words)

	Bridges.org - who we are (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was one of the principal authors of bridges.org's reports on e-readiness policy in the SADC region and NEPAD, which were presented at the WEF Annual meetings in 2002 and 2003, and he produces commentaries on a range of policy and civil society issues.
		As a member of the UK's Senior Civil Service, he was involved in drawing up legislation on Internet and e-commerce issues, and he has chaired and served on a number of internal, inter-governmental, EU and international committees addressing related matters.
		He has extensive experience in policy formulation and advice to government, notably on the peace process in Northern Ireland and military aid to the civil power, and has held senior posts in Human Resource Management and Research and Development.
	www.bridges.org /about/staffbio.html (769 words)

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