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Topic: Military Assistance Command in Vietnam

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	Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Information
		The U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, or MACV (phonetically mack vee), was the United States unified command structure for all its military forces in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
		MACV was created on February 8, 1962 in response to a substantial increase in U.S. military assistance to South Vietnam.
		MACV was first implemented to assist the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) Vietnam, which controlled all advisory and assistance efforts in Vietnam, but was reorganized on May 15, 1964 and absorbed MAAG Vietnam into its command structure when the deployment of U.S. combat units became too large for an advisory element to control.
	www.bookrags.com /Military_Assistance_Command%2C_Vietnam (192 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Military Assistance Command Vietnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		MACV grew out of the earlier Military Assistance and Advisory Group (MAAG), known as MAAG Indochina, that was established in 1950 to assist the French and subsequently Republic of Vietnam (or South Vietnam).
		Army commanders felt that this policy was inconsistent with the operational responsibility of the senior U.S. Army adviser to each Vietnamese Army corps and that it violated the principle of unity of command.
		Military considerations-that Southeast Asia was a strategic entity and that fragmentation of command responsibilities would violate the basic principle of unity of command-tended to support continued adherence to a central command.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Military-Assistance-Command-Vietnam (384 words)

	Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Command Histories (Sanitized)
		Taken together, the MACV Command Histories trace the events and progress of the Vietnam war from the perspective of the American command headquarters in Saigon, from the increased commitment and build-up of U.S. and Free World Forces in 1964, to the draw-down and withdrawal of those forces, and the disestablishment of MACV in 1973.
		MACV was activated in Saigon on 8 February 1962, under the command of General Paul D. Harkins.
		MACV was established as a unified command subordinate to the Commander in Chief, Pacific Command ("CINCPAC").
	www.carrscompendiums.com /Web_MACV.html (479 words)

	Military Assistance Command, Vietnam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, or MACV (phonetically mack vee), was the United States unified command structure for all its military forces in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
		MACV was created on February 8, 1962 in response to a substantial increase in U.S. military assistance to South Vietnam.
		MACV was first implemented to assist the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) Vietnam, which controlled all advisory and assistance efforts in Vietnam, but was reorganized on May 15, 1964 and absorbed MAAG Vietnam into its command structure when the deployment of U.S. combat units became too large for an advisory element to control.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam (223 words)

	Chapter Four (Final Chapter) - Vigilant and Invincible
		Once the decision was made to close the command, over much protest and counter-arguments, ARADCOM carried out this mission as professionally as it had the mission of defending the United States in the preceding 23 years.
		Although the cost of military operations in Southeast Asia was chiefly blamed for mounting taxes and an inflated economy, defense spending in general continued to be attacked by pressure groups clamoring for greater federal support of favored domestic programs and by representatives of the so-called "peace movement," who looked upon all military requirements with suspicion.
		In 1971, public distaste for the war in Vietnam continued, and with it a mood of discontent and disillusion that weakened support of the military establishment and fostered a quasi-isolationism.
	www.redstone.army.mil /history/vigilant/chap4.html (4760 words)

	THE UNITED STATES MILITARY ASSISTANCE COMMAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		U.S. The United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) was established on Feb. 8, 1962, as a unified command subordinate to the commander-in-chief, Pacific.
		MACV has the mission of assisting the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces to maintain internal security against subversion and insurgency and to resist external aggression.
		Its forces constantly seek to engage the enemy in combat on the ground and territorial waters of the Republic of Vietnam, to provide assistance to the constitutional government of Vietnam in building a free society capable of defending itself.
	www.skytroopers.org /usmacv.htm (103 words)

	Chapter II: The Military Assistance Command, Vietnam: February 1962 July 1965
		Concern over the conflicting command and control arrangements established by the various contingency plans resulted in a series of conferences in the fall of 1962 to examine the situation and, in particular, to study the need for a separate Army component commander.
		The command channel originated with the Commander in Chief, Pacific, went to the commander of the Military Assistance Command in Vietnam and Thailand, and then to the commanding general of the 2d Air Division; the Pacific Air Forces provided administrative and logistical support.
		As early as September 1962 General Harkins proposed that all advisory group functions except those related to the Military Assistance Program be transferred to the component commanders of the Military Assistance Command, and that the headquarters of the advisory group become a staff division of MACV headquarters.
	www.army.mil /cmh/books/Vietnam/Comm-Control/ch02.htm (7437 words)

	Military Assistance Command (MACV) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In 1962, the command structure became known as the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV).
		The four commanders of MACV are better known than the others because most of them served during the time advisory roles diminished as the U.S., under presidents Johnson and Nixon, moved the U.S. from advising roles to combat roles, almost totally Americanizing the war in Vietnam.
		MACV existed for the remainder of the American war in Vietnam.
	www.richmond.edu /~ebolt/history398/MACV.html (397 words)

	David Hackworth: To Gen. Abizaid
		In fact, I quit the Army over the insanity of Vietnam in 1971 at age 40 as the Army's youngest bird colonel on an exceptionally fast career track.
		John Abizaid's Central Command was the guilty party, and I'm told that our expose caused Abizaid to pull the plug on this abuse.
		But a Central Command officer reports that Abizaid's staffers are back to their dirty tricks - only now they're into C-130 planes.
	www.military.com /Opinions/0,,Hackworth_120104,00.html (787 words)

	16. Military Areas of Responsibility
		General William C. Westmoreland, who was Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam from June 1964 until March 1968, observed in retrospect that an independent unified command for all of Southeast Asia would have clarified responsibilities and increased operational flexibility.
		The President and Secretary of Defense discontinued Strike Command and CINCMEAFSA in April 1971, tacked the eastern Mediterranean littoral, the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, and Iran onto European Command, and left Africa south of the Sahara unassigned.
		Command and control lines on open water, however, often are convenient and are unavoidable during amphibious assault operations.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/books/Books%20-%201998/Military%20Geography%20March%2098/milgeoch16.html (5590 words)

	Gen. William Westmoreland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		General Westmoreland took command in Vietnam in June 1964 replacing Gen. Paul Harkins.
		He was instrumental in raising the level of US forces deployed in Vietnam and in developing the strategies implemented in the region.
		His biggest challenge was to withdraw the troops from Vietnam and ready them for duty in other regions of the world.
	www.vietnampix.com /popww.htm (169 words)

	The History Place - Vietnam War 1961-1964
		Kennedy justifies the expanding U.S. military role as a means "...to prevent a Communist takeover of Vietnam which is in accordance with a policy our government has followed since 1954." The number of military advisors sent by Kennedy will eventually surpass 16,000.
		He is the fourth President coping with Vietnam and will oversee massive escalation of the war while utilizing many of the same policy advisors who served Kennedy.
		Thus, the first bombing of North Vietnam by the United States occurs as oil facilities and naval targets are attacked without warning by 64 U.S. Navy fighter bombers.
	www.historyplace.com /unitedstates/vietnam/index-1961.html (3720 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Vietnam \| Interview with Harvey Barnum -- Vietnam Veteran and Medal of Honor Recipient
		In late November, the enemy unit attacked the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) outpost at Hiep Duc, just 25 miles west of Tam Ky. By occupying this key position, the Communists had a clear road to the Nui Loc Son Basin, also called the Que Son Valley, in I Corps' Quang Tin province.
		Abundant in farms and heavily populated, the valley was considered an extremely important area, situated as it was between the major South Vietnamese cities of Da Nang and Chu Lai.
		When both the company commander and his radio operator were killed, the artillery forward observer (FO), 1st Lt. Harvey C. Barnum, Jr., on temporary duty in Vietnam from the Marine Barracks at Pearl Harbor, took command.
	www.historynet.com /vn/blbarnum (984 words)

	OVER A CENTURY OF U
		U.S. military spending ($343 billion in the year 2000) is 69 percent greater than that of the next five highest nations combined.
		Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat CIA directs exile invasion after new gov't nationalizes U.S. company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua.
		Command operation, troops Advisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash.
	www.zmag.org /CrisesCurEvts/interventions.htm (656 words)

	Vietnam Veteran's Terminology and Slang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the MACV military headquarters, there was a AC of S position for each section, i.e.: AC of S J2 (Intell), AC of S J3 (Operations).
		A division is a nearly universal military organization consisting of approximately 20,000 troops commanded by a major general.
		The Vietnam War became a helicopter war for American forces, and a common way for an infantryman to go into action was by "Slick." "Slick" was the term used to refer to an assault helicopter used to place troops into combat during airmobile operations.
	www.vietvet.org /glossary.htm (12166 words)

	Special Operations Forces and Elusive Enemy Ground Targets
		During the Vietnam conflict, SOF teams crossed the border into Laos to search for truck parks, storage depots, and other critical targets along the Ho Chi Minh Trail that were obscured by triple-canopy jungle and camouflage.
		During the mid-1960s, U.S. military and political leaders faced a critical challenge as they embarked on what was to become a protracted ground war in Southeast Asia.
		Since 1959, the military forces of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam had used the Ho Chi Minh Trail to infiltrate vast quantities of men and materiel through Laos into the U.S.-backed Republic of Vietnam.
	www.rand.org /pubs/research_briefs/RB77/index1.html (1338 words)

	Military Assistance Command (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The unit was called the Military Assistance Command-Vietnam Studies and Observation Group, or SOG.
		The unit award is equal to the individual award of the Distinguished Service Cross, the U.S. military’s second-highest award for valor.
		Active-duty members of the Military Assistance Command-Vietnam Studies and Observation Group stand at attention Wednesday.
	www.sfalx.com /h_sog_Presidential_Unit_Citation.htm (1102 words)

	Guide Introduction: The Johnson Administration and Pacification in Vietnam, The
		The failure of earlier rural development and nation-building projects (i.e., rural reconstruction) was due primarily to the lack of coordination and cooperation between the various competing U.S. civilian agencies of the U.S. Mission and Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) and the "creaking" South Vietnamese government bureaucracy.
		With the South Vietnamese government's renewed interest and redesignation of pacification to Revolutionary Development, it was recognized by both MACV and the U.S. Mission that a change in U.S. support of pacification (revolutionary development) and nation-building activities was necessary.
		His control of pacification permeated the military structure and eventually led to an almost independent dual hierarchy with the military.
	www.lexisnexis.com /academic/guides/military_history/vietnam/vietnam_pacification.asp (1614 words)

	Swift Boat Accounts Incomplete (washingtonpost.com)
		This reconstruction of the climactic day in Kerry's military career is based on more than two dozen interviews with former crewmates and officers who served with him, as well as research in the Naval Historical Center here, where the Swift boat records are preserved.
		When Kerry signed up to command a Swift boat in the summer of 1968, he was inspired by the example of his hero, John F. Kennedy, who had commanded the PT-109 patrol boat in the Pacific in World War II.
		As commander of PCF-94, Kerry was responsible for ferrying a group of Chinese Vietnamese mercenaries, known as Nung, eight miles up the Bay Hap River, and then five miles up the winding Dong Cung Canal to suspected Vietcong villages.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A21239-2004Aug21.html (4584 words)

	Success Matrix
		The questions were given a mathematical compilation to provide a statistical average for each hamlet, which were then accumulated for each village or city, then each district and finally, the province.
		I told him that I would be leaving province headquarters in one hour and expected to meet him and his ARVN District Commander at the village chiefs office in two to three hours.
		Andy Krepinevich, Jr., in his book The Army and Vietnam, stated that using data from the HES, as well as data on unit operations, showed how maneuver battalion days of operations, in a given area, contributed little to population security.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,Hayden_100404,00.html (1090 words)

	Vietnam Bibliography, Mobile Riverine Force, Vietnam Books, Vietnam Periodicals, Brown Water Navy, Military Assistance ...
		Various military medals and ribbons, whether personal or for the entire unit, were bestowed upon these proud fighting sailors.
		Colwell, John B. "Naval Action Vietnam." [Ordnance] (November- December 1966): 262ff.
		Winter, Robert M. "Armor Afloat in Vietnam." U.S. Naval Institute [Proceedings] 94 (November 1968): 132ff.
	www.riverinesailor.com /Bibliography.htm (1692 words)

	Bibliography of the Vietnam War
		Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) and its regional subordinates
		The Virtual Vietnam Archive of the Vietnam Project, at Texas Tech University, has placed online the full texts of a huge quantity of documents and other materials relating to the Vietnam War.
		The online catalog of the Vietnam Project lists both the items that have been placed online, and items that the project has on paper, but has not placed online (usually for copyright reasons).
	www.clemson.edu /caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/bibliography.html (724 words)

	Hanoi Approved of Role Played By Anti-War Vets - October 26, 2004 - The New York Sun
		The communist regime in Hanoi monitored closely and looked favorably upon the activities of the Vietnam Veterans Against the War during the period Senator Kerry served most actively as the group's spokesman and a member of its executive committee, two captured Viet Cong documents suggest.
		Many are available online at the Virtual Vietnam Archive and, as the election has heated up, have been the focus of a scramble for insights into Mr.
		They are from many documents of a kind that were ordinarily sent to a unit called the Captured Document Exploitation Center at the United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, which was headquartered in Saigon.
	www.nysun.com /article/3756 (443 words)

	Vietnam Service
		From the time that United States' assistance to the Republic of South Vietnam was confined to an advisory status through the period of major combat actions, the varied and extensive roles of the U.S. Navy were crucial to the overall military effort in Southeast Asia.
		Mobility and the endurance sustained by underway replenishment forces resulted in maximum use of Seventh Fleet carriers for retaliatory raids, for strikes in support of troops ashore, and for attacks against the enemy lines of communication.
		The Amphibious Command drew upon its Underwater Demolition Team capability to develop SEAL (Sea, Air, Land) Teams which conducted operations against Viet Cong guerrillas.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/stream/faq45-25.htm (559 words)

	Jack Kelly
		General Tommy Franks, commander of U.S. Central Command, is sounding like General William Westmoreland, commander of Military Assistance Command-Vietnam during the days when there was always light at the end of the tunnel.
		Our military leaders claimed that "hundreds" of Al Qaeda and Taliban terrorists had been killed.
		That it was means either that our intelligence was poor (we didn't know where the bad guys were), or some moron was using the Chinook for combat assault.
	www.jewishworldreview.com /0402/jkelly040102.asp (821 words)

	Americans.net Delivers Information on the Iraqi War and Iraqi Freedom
		General Ricardo S. Sanchez, of Rio Grande City, Texas, takes command of the U.S. Army's V Corps and all coalition ground forces in Iraq this Saturday, June 14, 2003.
		Hussein became chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council and president of the country.
		In the late 1990s Hussein periodically brought Iraq to the brink of further military conflicts by refusing to comply with United Nations inspection teams assigned to ensure that Iraq had destroyed its nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons capabilities.
	www.iraqiwar.com (2043 words)

	REDCATCHER
		Davison was the first fl person to command an Army brigade in combat, leading the 199th Light Infantry Brigade in Vietnam during the Tet 1968 Offensive.
		Dennis Hightower, a Harvard professor who served with Davison in Vietnam, said Davison was a strong mentor who was unafraid to "call you a knucklehead if your logic was flawed," according to an article in a military newspaper.
		His final command was as chief of the Army Air Defense Command's 1st Region, headquartered at Stewart Air Force Base in Newburgh, N.Y. That same year, Gov. Thomas J. Meskill named him adjutant general of Connecticut.
	www.redcatcher.org (2284 words)

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