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Topic: Military Keynesianism

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	Military Keynesianism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Military Keynesianism is a government economic policy in which the government devotes large amounts of spending to the military in an effort to increase economic growth.
		In this sense, the military might act as an employer of last resort – it is an employment opportunity which tends to hire from the bottom (least qualified) part of the workforce, provides a decent standard of living, serves a useful social purpose, and offers jobs regardless of the state of the general economy.
		One of the central economic critiques of Military Keynesianism is known as the broken window fallacy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_Keynesianism (970 words)

	How The War Machine Is Driving The US Economy Military Keynsianism Might Get Bush Re-Elected, But It Is Starting To ...
		Military expenditure is usually the least effective of short-run ways of spending money, because it doesn't build infrastructure that give you returns over time.
		Military-fuelled growth, or military Keynesianism as it is now known in academic circles, was first theorised by the Polish economist Michal Kalecki in 1943.
		The military was a much more desirable investment from their point of view, although justifying such a diversion of public funds required a certain degree of political repression, best achieved through appeals to patriotism and fear-mongering about an enemy threat - and, inexorably, an actual war.
	www.rense.com /general47/usecon.htm (1059 words)

	Cheap Wars — A Jewish Magazine, an Interfaith Movement
		The adoption of military Keynesianism, along with the wars in Korea and Vietnam, helped keep military expenditures at 12 percent of GDP during the 1950s and at 10 percent during the 1960s.
		Underlying the rise and demise of military Keynesianism was an epochal reversal in the spatial nature of ownership – a U-turn from gradual de-globalization in the first half of the century to massive globalization in the second half.
		While U.S. military budgets have risen marginally in the wake of the new wars – from 3.9 percent of GDP at the end of Clinton’s presidency to 4.7 percent presently – this is an increase whose effect on aggregate demand is insignificant by historical standards.
	www.tikkun.org /magazine/specials/cheapwars (6448 words)

	World War II and the Triumph of Keynesianism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Military preemption of public transportation interfered with intercity travel by civilians, and rationing of tires and gasoline made commuting to work very difficult for many workers.
		Ignoring this embarrassing fact, the Keynesians continued to cite the war "boom" as a definitive demonstration of the correctness of their theory.
		Keynesian economics rests on the presumption that government spending, whether for munitions or other goods, creates an addition to the economy's aggregate demand, which brings into employment labor and other resources that otherwise would remain idle.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0395d.asp (1680 words)

	Military Orwellianism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		>Military Keynesianism was a problem a long time ago, but it has nothing to >do with current U.S. military adventurism.
		The new orders for military equipment and the non-appearance of any peace dividend post the Cold War proves that the prime contractor irrigation system (military Keynesianism) is still lawyer-capitalism's best answer as to how to pump the economy using government spending.
		The driving engine of jobs jobs jobs in congressional districts where military contracting and basing continues is as powerful as ever, roaring ahead at full throttle, even though the configuration has changed (more high tech, less ground troop garrisons).
	www.grunch.net /synergetics/orwell.html (533 words)

	Military Keynesianism \| TPMCafe
		It is hard to know which is cause and which is effect but one thing is clear the Republicans have been remarkably dishonest about their economic policies.
		Military hardware is one of the few things still made in the US, because of procurement rules.
		The present military contractor system is too large to be eliminated and has too much clout in congress.
	www.tpmcafe.com /node/28092 (1184 words)

	True Blue Liberal » Capitalism and War
		In years of slack, the government can embark on military Keynesianism, increase its spending on weapons and pull the economy out of recession.
		Over the longer haul, military expenditures are said to undermine the peaceful, civilian outlook of liberal regimes.
		Spending on the military boosts the business interests of the large armament corporations, hardens the outlook of the security apparatus and emboldens the top army brass.
	www.trueblueliberal.com /2006/08/31/capitalism-and-war (273 words)

	Military Keynesianism
		What Hitler and Schacht resorted to was what in other countries and at a later date came to be called "military Keynesianism." J.M. Keynes’ recipe for relieving unemployment in England and elsewhere in the 1930s was for government (as was said) "to borrow and borrow, spend and spend" on infrastructure public works (nor armaments).
		The fact is that only when Roosevelt turned to military Keynesianism could he get the votes in Congress for the expenditures needed to bring about very nearly full employment by 1943.
		Not all of current prosperity in the USA is attributable to military spending, of course, but one wonders how well the economy would fare if the very considerable degree of military Keynesianism that remains here were discontinued.
	www.sustecweb.co.uk /past/sustec91/milkeynes.htm (926 words)

	Keynesian Militarism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Keynesianism, named for British economist John Maynard Keynes (pronounced “Kaynz”), is commonly distilled into the idea that governments can and should pursue “counter-cyclical” policies.
		Keynesianism fell out of favor in the 1970s, both because of failures of government policies and from a strong surge of right-wing ideologies that culminated in Ronald Reagan’s election as President.
		While a humane Keynesianism remains abandoned at home, a new Keynesian militarism is being developed abroad as the compassionate face of occupation and empire.
	www.fguide.org /Bulletin/keynesmil.htm (897 words)

	Workers World Oct. 11, 2001: War spending eats at economy like cancer
		The advocates of military increases don't dwell on the big boost in profits that will go to the military industries, such as Boeing; they all talk of responding to the Sept. 11 attack.
		But the "military Keynesians" point out that the spending on social programs did not end the economic crisis; it was only the military buildup to World War II that seemed to pull the U.S. and world capitalism out of the global depression.
		The "military Keynesian" view was endorsed in Business Week the first week of October by the reactionary economist Robert Barro, who is now an advocate of big government spending--for the military.
	www.workers.org /ww/2001/profits1011.php (1330 words)

	Military Keynesianism worrying economists
		specifically, the military contractors that tend to be
		GDP growth rate was attributable to military spending.
		The corollary of the Reagan military boom was a sharp
	www.free-conversant.com /realtruth/111 (729 words)

	US Labor Against the War : MILITARY SPENDING AND ECONOMIC CRISIS
		Military spending today will approach 4 percent of GDP whereas during the 1980s it reached 7 percent, in the late 1960s 11.8 percent and in the 1950s, 11 percent.
		In sum, military spending has before and can again provide a modest stimulus for economic recovery but the real financial beneficiaries of such spending are the specific production sectors that are asked to produce for the military, and most importantly individual multinational corporations who benefit from huge government contracts for products and services.
		Military waste is one of the few ways to overcome the tendency of the rate of surplus to rise under capitalism.
	www.uslaboragainstwar.org /article.php?id=2220 (3856 words)

	How the War Machine is Driving the US Economy
		The result, according to economists, is a variant on Keynesianism that has particular appeal for Republicans.
		Military-fueled growth, or military Keynesianism as it is now known in academic circles, was first theorized by the Polish economist Michal Kalecki in 1943.
		But he, like the generation of economists who criticized Reagan's policies, thinks the priorities are wrong - as well as overtly bellicose - and will have repercussions for years or even decades to come.
	www.commondreams.org /views04/0106-12.htm (1206 words)

	D.8 What causes militarism and what are its effects?
		Firstly, unlike social programmes, military intervention does not improve the situation (and thus, hopes) of the majority, who can continue to be marginalised by the system, suffer the discipline of the labour market and feel the threat of unemployment.
		This situation has not substantially changed since Mills wrote, for it is still the case that all US military officers have grown up in the atmosphere of the post-war military-industrial alliance and have been explicitly educated and trained to carry it on.
		Therefore the US won't be likely to renounce this superiority willingly-- especially since the prospect of recapturing world economic superiority appears to depend in part on her ability to bully other nations into granting economic concessions and privileges, as in the past.
	www.spunk.org /library/intro/faq/sp001547/secD8.html (1686 words)

	networkideas.org - US Economic Recovery and the Unemployment Drag
		Including the costs of two major military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, the US defense budget increased from $300 billion in the year 2000 to $460 billion in 2004, i.e., by 52.9%.
		In the absence of direct recruitment of military personnel by the Pentagon, the route by which defense expenditure can generate employment is through defense contractors.
		Finally, in comparison to military expenditure the job creation capacity of various other sectors that are part of federal governments budgetary functions is much higher (see Graph 4).
	www.networkideas.org /news/may2004/news27_US_Unemployment.htm (2848 words)

	Economic Foundations of The “Rogue State”
		Likewise, as the Cold War tensions tended to subside in the early 1980s and, as a result, continued US military buildup was questioned, the flamboyant militarist President Ronald Reagan and his administration successfully averted curtailment of military spending by hyping the “threat of the evil empire” and the need for “star wars” defense capabilities.
		The “usefulness” of this military strategy was tested, first, in Panama, which resulted in a “surgical” removal of General Noriega from his presidential palace and his imprisonment in the United States and, then, in Iraq during the so-called “desert storm” incursion, with massive displays of high-tech military hardware that killed or maimed thousands of people.
		This idea, known as military keynesianism, has since the early 1970s come under attack; not that military spending does not stimulate demand, but that it is a costly trade-off in terms of essential social needs.
	www.payvand.com /news/01/jul/1117.html (1702 words)

	REARRANGING THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTION
		Where there is yet no blatant aggression, the U.S. military bases and/or facilities are sources of U.S. military advice, espionage, training, and weapons against people's movements and progressive governments which are defending their national integrity and sovereignty.
		It is also to establish military bases in southern Philippines especially in General Santos City and Zamboanga City in order to be a springboard at the center of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines and exercise control over the oil and other natural resources as well as the routes of international commerce in the region.
		Not only does it use these bases and military forces for global intervention, controlling the world's oil resources and natural resource supplies as well as trade and sea routes, but they are also used to intimidate smaller nations into submission.
	www.yonip.com /main/articles/US-Intervention.html (2582 words)

	PEN-L message, Re: re: military keynesianism
		My remarks on military keynesianism arose from a thread on Lou's list--it's not a concept I use except as a shorthand way of describing a longrun process.
		Most immediate and obvious of these was to pin down a significant amount of Indian military capability in the mountains to relieve the pressure in the plains.
		Military security is now being deployed around the electrical grid and telecommunications facilities of the country.
	archives.econ.utah.edu /archives/pen-l/2001m09.3/msg00229.htm (3331 words)

	War and Empire
		He alluded to strategic overreach, saying "ever new acquisitions bring ever new frontiers of risk." He said the military would not save the economy, that postwar busts follow wartime booms, and he mused that WWII might have marked a height for demand helped by war.
		Pollin's lecture discussed the Clinton years as a 36 percent cut in the military and a 10 percent to 20 percent drop in social programs producing the surplus: that's the peace dividend.
		Pollin believes in military Keynesianism, ignoring the possibility that large cuts in military spending after the end of the Cold War propelled the nineties boom.
	www.ecaar.org /Newsletter/Nov03/reuschlein.htm (639 words)

	Military budget - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A military budget of an entity, most often a nation or a state is the budget and financial resources dedicated to raising and maintaining armed forces for that entity.
		Military budgets reflect how much an entity perceives the likelihood of threats against it, or the amount of aggression it wishes to employ.
		France and the United Kingdom have increased their equipment expenses, not only to act in United States military actions with the same technological level of their big ally, but equally to be able to act independently in smaller military campaigns such as Côte d'Ivoire.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Military_expenditure (374 words)

	Environmentalists Against War
		In most empires, the military is there, but militarism is so central to ours -- militarism not meaning national defense or even the projection of force for political purposes, but as a way of life, as a way of getting rich or getting comfortable.
		The greatest single previous example of military Keynesianism -- that is, of taking an economy distraught over recession or depression, over people being very close to the edge and turning it around -- is Germany.
		Many at the time claimed it was an answer to the problems of real Keynesianism, of using artificial government demand to reopen factories, which was seen as strengthening the trade unions, the working class.
	www.envirosagainstwar.org /know/read.php?itemid=4215 (3921 words)

	Bastard Keynesianism — www.greenwood.com
		Bastard Keynesianism describes the macroeconomic policies followed by capitalist nations in the post-World War II era....Turgeon concludes that bastard Keynesianism has put capitalist economies, especially the United States, in a bind.
		Bastard Keynesianism is worthwhile reading, especially for that vast majority of economists and politicians with little memory of history.
		The importance of Military Keynesianism in winning the Cold War is described along with similarities and differences between the various national administrations.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/GM0024.aspx (476 words)

	Pro USA on Quaker-P
		Certainly our friend in China (earlier posts) is on target re military Keynesianism hard at work -- the only way this regime knows to keep the big wheels turning is through lavish spending on killingry, which can only be sustained over the long haul if the inventory gets depleted now and then.
		As I posted previously, in my essay on that topic (military Orwellianism): The new orders for military equipment and the non-appearance of any peace dividend post the Cold War proves that the prime contractor irrigation system (military Keynesianism) is still lawyer-capitalism's best answer as to how to pump the economy using government spending.
		LAWCAP is that "military industrial complex" which Eisenhower warned us about, and which Secretary McNamara and his cronies during the Vietnam Era typified to the hilt.
	www.grunch.net /synergetics/proUSA.html (938 words)

	Barsamian Interview 12/13/89
		The U.S. economy has been structured on what you call alternatively "the Pentagon system" or "military Keynesianism," that is, a state subsidy of high-technology industry.
		For the moment, at least, the plans are to maintain those parts of the military system which do in effect feed into advanced industry.
		The Japanese soon will be in a position to constrain U.S. military expenditures, since they control a good deal of the advanced technology that's required for fancy military production, and some Japanese have actually threatened it.
	www.zmag.org /chomsky/interviews/db-8912.html (6877 words)

	US Labor Against the War : The United States Military Machine
		The final foundation stone for the new military order was the emergence of frightful weapons of mass destruction, dominance over which became an essential element for world hegemony.
		By 2007, the projected military budget of the us is to be an astounding 451 billion dollars: almost half a trillion dollars, without the presence of anything resembling a conventional war.
		A considerable portion of this is given over to âmilitary Keynesianism,â according to the well-established paths of the mic.
	www.uslaboragainstwar.org /article.php?id=3362 (4117 words)

	Conservatism and Defense Strategy
		SDI and military Keynesianism were the conservative response to America’s changing role in the world, and served as the policy initiatives that advanced the beliefs of American style conservatism throughout the world.
		If the Soviet military was a threat to the security of the United States, then it was the Soviet military that the United States was going to compete with and beat.
		She discusses the feminine qualities that are given to the shield, and the fact that technology is generally “male seductive.”(64) Technological development, linked with investing in and the consumption of technology, creates a bond between the development of SDI and the American citizen, where big business and Republican (conservative) ideals are intrinsic.
	www.tcnj.edu /~mcelwee2/conserv.htm (5138 words)

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