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Topic: Military dictatorship

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	Military dictatorship
		A military dictatorship is a form of dictatorship where the dictator, or a small group, rules through direct personal control of the military.
		Most military dictatorships are formed after a coup d'état.
		In the past, military juntas have staged coups in an attempt to bring stability to the nation, save it from the percieved threat of a dangerous ideology, or simply because they feel the interests of the military are being ignored by the current administration.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ju/Junta.html (135 words)

	sociology - Dictatorship
		A dictatorship is often seen as equivalent to a police state, but the term dictatorship refers to the way the leaders gain and hold power, not the watch kept on the citizens.
		In the 20th century, the term dictatorship has come to mean a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in the hands of a dictator and sometimes his supporters; it can also refer to the consolidation of power by a single-party, military, head of state, or head of government.
		The dictatorship of the proletariat is defined by Marxist theory as the use of state power by the working class against its enemies during the passage from capitalism to communism, entailing control of the state apparatus and the means of production.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Dictatorship (1326 words)

	Military dictatorship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Like any dictatorships, a military dictatorship may be official or unofficial, and as a result may not actually qualify as stratocratic (some military dictators, like Panama's Manuel Noriega, are nominally subordinate to the civil government).
		The declaration by which a military coup d'état is made official is called a pronunciamento, from the Spanish pronunciamiento, 'proclamation'.
		Military dictatorships can be contrasted with other forms of dictatorship.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_dictatorship (1002 words)

	The Vanished Gallery: The Desaparecidos of Argentina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In a coup on March 24, 1976, a military junta seized power in Argentina and went on a campaign to wipe out left-wing terrorism with terror far worse than the one they were combating.
		Between 1976 and 1983 - under military rule - thousands of people, most of them dissidents and innocent civilians unconnected with terrorism, were arrested and then vanished without a trace.
		In 1983, after democracy was restored, a national commission was appointed to investigate the fate of the disappeared.
	www.yendor.com /vanished (223 words)

	Military dictatorship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Like all dictatorships, a Military dictatorship may be official or unofficial, and as a result may not actually qualify as stratocratic (some Military dictators, Like Manuel Noriega, are nominally subordinate to the civil government).
		The typical Military dictatorship in Latin America is ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word which can be translated as "conference" or "board"), or a committee composed of the military's most senior leadership.
		In the past, Military juntas have justified their rule as a way of bringing political stability for the nation or rescuing it from the threat of "dangerous ideologies." This is a from of threat construction.
	military-dictatorship.iqnaut.net (705 words)

	Ancient Roman Military - Crystalinks
		The core of the military history of the Roman Empire is the account of its great land battles, from the conquest of Italy to its final battles against the Huns.
		The highest officers of the military were the two consuls, who were also the leading members of the executive branch of the government.
		The 6 military tribunes were to be the senior staff of the legion.
	www.crystalinks.com /romemilitary.html (4616 words)

	US foreign policy in Guatemala
		Guatemala's military was tied to the US military through training, aid, and a commitment to protect US economic interests, and the Army became a major force.
		The military continued its violent suppression of anti-government elements, especially in the countryside, among the indigenous Mayan population, resistance grew, and a guerrilla army began to form.
		Several millions of dollars in military aid cut off in 1990 by the Bush administration, was channeled by Clinton into a peace fund to support the work of the MINUGUA human rights verification mission.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /US_ThirdWorld/US_Guat.html (3804 words)

	Argentina
		Rosenberg traces the dictatorship to "a disregard for law and politics as a way for countries marked by enormous social contrasts to solve their problems," (p.82).
		The military pursued the 'internal enemy.' General Ibérico Saint Jean, who became governor of the province of Buenos Aires, explained this military tactic, "First we must kill the subversives, then their sympathizers; then those who are indifferent; and finally, we must kill all those who are timid," (p.124).
		Guerillas and civilians were kidnapped out of their homes by military members and brought to detention centers (essentially concentration camps in garages or abandoned buildings) where they were most almost always tortured and murdered.
	community.middlebury.edu /~davis/humanrights/argentina.html (870 words)

	friendly dictators
		Unwavering "anti-communism" and a willingness to provide unhampered access for American business interests to exploit their countries' natural resources and cheap labor are the excuses for their repression, and the primary reason the US government supports them.
		Many high ranking government and military personnel during and after Suazo's term were drug traffickers, and although the US government denies knowledge of this, there is evidence to the contrary.
		Franco's Nationalists were losing the civil war, but military support from Hitler, Mussolini, and the US corporations that backed Hitler, turned the tide in his favor.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /US_ThirdWorld/dictators.html (9246 words)

	CNN - Argentina's 'dirty war': an ugly episode that won't die - March 2, 1998
		After the dictatorship ended, members of the military junta were tried and convicted, but then were pardoned by a democratically elected president.
		One example is retired Gen. Antonio Bussi, who was military governor of Tucuman for the junta in 1976 and 19 years later was elected governor of the same province.
		Many Argentines reserve a special hatred for Astiz, who, as a young member of a military death squad, was assigned to infiltrate the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, mothers of those detained and often killed by the military junta.
	www4.cnn.com /WORLD/9803/02/argentina.dirty.war (1082 words)

	New Orleans: the specter of military dictatorship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This level of military occupation is on its face absurd, but it has been executed according to existing plans for martial law that are the product of protracted secret deliberations.
		The central focus of this military operation has been the establishment of law and order, the protection of private property and, to those ends, the forced evacuation of the remaining residents of the city.
		Now the Democrats' principal demands have been for the sacking of the hapless FEMA Director Brown—likely to be chosen as a scapegoat by the Bush White House itself—and the convening of an “independent commission,” along the lines of the 9/11 panel, to probe the New Orleans disaster and—inevitably—produce a similar whitewash.
	www.rinf.com /news/sep-2005/19.html (1891 words)

	Studying civil-military relations in the post-dictatorship ERA: An analysis of Chilean experience Journal of Third ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although military subordination to civilian rule is essential to democracy, there seemed to have been a collective historical amnesia among government officials who opted to downplay their earlier references to the institutional order as an undemocratic one.
		The military, on the other hand, perceived their role and mission in the new institutional order as having expanded to include responsibilities other than the traditional ones of defending national territorial integrity and the preservation of internal order.
		Rather than obedience to civilian power, the armed forces, through constitutional and legal designs, constituted themselves into a power of state whose subordination is to the constitution (which they and their civilian advisors drafted) and to the nation (which they believe they embody), and not to politicians (for whom contempt is the norm).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200010/ai_n8926324 (885 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Winter 1992
		These trends were the massive diversion of military forces to civilian uses, the monolithic unification of the armed forces, and the insularity of the military community.
		Ships purchased by the military for contingencies were leased, complete with military crews, at low rates to US exporters to help solve the trade deficit.[42] The nation's crumbling infrastructure was also declared a "national security threat." As was proposed back in 1991, troops rehabilitated public housing, rebuilt bridges and roads, and constructed new government buildings.
		Military analyst Harry Summers insists that ROTC is a key reason military coups have not occurred in the United States as they have in other countries.
	carlisle-www.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/1992/dunlap.htm (9836 words)

	military dictatorship
		Argentina's Military By Donald J.Mabry in the HTS.
		Timeline of the 1976-83 Argentine Military Dictatorship Set out with a page to a year and compiled by Jeremy Peterson, with information taken from Buenos Aires Herald articles and other sources.
		Includes his open letter to the military (in which he wrote about what was happening at the time including the dead bodies found in the River Plate), which he tried to publish on the first anniversary of the military coup.
	www.casahistoria.net /militarydictatorship.htm (2402 words)

	Portugal - Military Dictatorship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The coup d'état was bloodless because no military units came to the aid of the government.
		The military government was now in the hands of monarchists and authoritarian officers, and it seemed as if a restoration of the monarchy would follow.
		Salazar easily overshadowed military prime ministers and gradually gained the allegiance of Portugal's young intellectuals and military officers, who identified with his authoritarian, antiliberal, anticommunist view of the world.
	countrystudies.us /portugal/42.htm (520 words)

	brazil-military
		As a result, Brazil is being forced to confront one of the most distasteful aspects of its past: the death, disappearance or torture of hundreds of political prisoners during 21 years of military dictatorship.
		In the outcry that followed, the former military intelligence agent who supplied the pictures said they were among thousands of pages of documents supposedly destroyed after democracy was restored in 1985 but were in fact in secret archives still out of the reach of civilian authorities.
		The number of people who died, disappeared or were tortured during the military dictatorship that seized power in 1964 is significantly smaller than the thousands who perished in smaller neighboring countries.
	astro.temple.edu /~bstavis/courses/brazil-military-dictatorship.htm (953 words)

	BRAZIL, l964 to present
		Military decrees a series of institutional acts between l964 and l968 that deprive leading politicians--including three ex-Presidents--of their political rights, i.
		D) Opposition to military dictatorship led by the Church, civil society professional organization, and NGOs.
		Although Lula loses his third election to be President, the Worker's Party continues to grow and emerges as the leading party on the left in Brazil's multiparty system, and the party favored to win the presidential election of 2002.
	isc.temple.edu /evanson/brazilhistory/Brazil64toPresent.htm (1230 words)

	Military Dictatorship USA?
		We usually think of a nation being controlled by a military dictatorship when a military leader seizes control through a putsch, as in the case of General Pervez Musharraf in Pakistan or Saddam Hussein in Iraq.
		In essence, a military dictatorship is a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a repressive ruler or a small clique who use military and police power to dominate the people mentally and physically.
		The Bush-led military dictatorship is carrying out a policy of militaristic imperialism.
	www.hermes-press.com /militarismindex.htm (2464 words)

	IFEX :: Journalist receives death threats from soldiers "nostalgic for the military dictatorship"
		"Lessa is a recognised specialist on the period of the military dictatorship, which left open wounds in the Uruguayan society.
		It is no coincidence that the threats have followed the first convictions of military and police personnel for grave human rights violations during the dictatorship's worst years.
		The threats against Lessa came after a group of eight police and military officers were convicted by Judge Luis Charles of human rights violations during the dictatorship and were imprisoned.
	www.ifex.org /en/content/view/full/78186 (392 words)

	Military Dictatorship
		Because of the ongoing threat of the Republican uprising, the military regime enacted repressive measures, which included press censorship.(30) The most serious threat to the Military Dictatorship occurred in the uprising which lasted about a week beggining on 7 February 1927, mainly in Porto and Lisbon.
		Throughout Portugal, Republican civilian, police, and military forces rose to challenge the power of the Dictatorship and hoped to reestablish the deposed parliamentary Republic.
		By 10 February, the military regime had neutralized the revolt and regained effective control of the country.
	home.att.net /~duartepacheco/militarydictarorship.htm (492 words)

	Chile Gets First F-16 Warplanes
		A law passed during the former military dictatorship of Gen. Augusto Pinochet gives the armed forces 10 percent of Chile's revenue from copper sales abroad.
		Rather, the military airport there is close to the Atacama desert, where flights will not disturb populated areas, he said.
		At the Military Community Center, keep up with your units, find buddies and reunions, connect with military associations, or chat with other military servicemembers and veterans.
	www.military.com /NewsContent/0,13319,86810,00.html?ESRC=eb.nl (512 words)

	US HAS BEEN PREPARING TO TURN AMERICA INTO A MILITARY DICTATORSHIP
		Military spokespeople, "judge advocates" (lawyers) and their congressional supporters aggressively take the position that legal obstacles to military involvement in domestic law enforcement civil disturbance operations, such as the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act, have been nullified.
		As the tale is told, the "politicization of the military", resulting from its' forays "into the political process to an unprecedented degree" as the most well endowed and "trusted arm of government", lead inevitably to an "erosion of civilian control of the military".
		For after all, according to the corporate military chiefs and their legions of industrialist soldiers, "democracy is only one way of constituting authority, and it is not necessarily a universally applicable one." In other words, as militarism and a culture of violence grow, American democracy becomes obsolete.
	www.whatreallyhappened.com /suppression.html (8368 words)

	On 30th Anniversary of Argentine Coup: New Declassified Details on Repression and U.S. Support for Military Dictatorship
		The military coup was seen by many in the Argentine polity as an inevitable step to bring stability.
		The U.S., the Argentine Military and the Coup
		It is also significant that the military intelligence count starts in 1975, at a time the military took over national repressive activities from the national police but several months before the military coup in March.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB185/index.htm (4407 words)

	Burma: The Military Digs in for the Long Haul --- Asia Pacific Media Service
		The military has grown used to its power and privileges, and it fears retribution for years of abuses if it hands over power to civilians.
		Well-informed political observers in Rangoon, meanwhile, reject speculation about rifts within the military leadership as wishful thinking: "There is definitely a plurality of views, but when it comes down to it, they follow the leader, even if they grumble quietly with trusted colleagues.
		The Burmese military is accused by rights groups of a litany of crimes ranging from murder, torture and theft to rape and drug trafficking.
	www.asiapacificms.com /articles/burma_military_dictatorship (1621 words)

	MILITARY DICTATORSHIP IN U.S. VERY POSSIBLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the magazines December issue, Franks, the former commander of the military's Central Command warned that if terrorists successfully used a weapons of mass destruction in the U.S. or anywhere else in the "Western world", it would have grave consequences for our republican form of government.
		A southern Texas sheriff is warning the public unidentified armed men dressed in military fatigues have been spotted on numerous occasions in his county near the border with Mexico.
		Sea, a committed Christian, is a former inspector for the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Department of Defense, with 31 years of federal service in the military, nine with the Department of Defense, including two years with the Air Staff.
	www.surfingtheapocalypse.net /cgi-bin/archive.cgi?read=8474 (1603 words)

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