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Topic: Military of Bhutan

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	Bhutan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bhutan's early history is unclear, because most of the records were destroyed after fire ravaged Punakha, the ancient capital in 1827.
		The climate in Bhutan varies with altitude from subtropical in the south to temperate in the highlands and polar-type climate with year-round snow in the north.
		Bhutan remains one of the most secluded nations in the world, and foreigners are not permitted to travel to many of its areas to minimise the effects of tourism on the local culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bhutan (3604 words)

	Bhutan. Who is Bhutan? What is Bhutan? Where is Bhutan? Definition of Bhutan. Meaning of Bhutan.
		Bhutan is a very mountainous and landlocked nation, situated within the eastern Himalayas.
		The official religion of Bhutan is the Mahayana tradition of Buddhism, which is adhered to by about three quarters of the population.
		Bhutan is one of the most secluded nations in the world, and access for foreigners is restricted to certain areas, although these are expanding.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Bhutan (761 words)

	Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bhutan has held four rounds of talks with the militants to negotiate their peaceful return, but the militants have stayed on, despite an agreement by the ULFA with Bhutan to close down its bases by December 2001.
		Bhutan has considered proposals to constitute a militia to assist the Royal Bhutanese Army, which is evidently inadequate, for possible operations against the militants.
		Bhutan has an obligation to prevent the presence of anti-India militants inside its territory, but India has the same obligation to seek an end to its insurgencies by proactively pursuing talks with the militants to prevent their overflow into a friendly neighbor?s courtyard.
	www.ipcs.org /ipcs/printCountry.jsp?action=showView&kValue=1095&country=1015&status=article&mod=b (720 words)

	Bhutan - India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In 1960 the Druk Gyalpo had said that Bhutan was not 100 percent independent because of the 1949 treaty, and until Bhutan emerged into the world of international diplomacy by joining the UN in 1971, Article 2 of the treaty seemed intact.
		Bhutan had raised its representation in India to the ambassadorial level in 1971 and in 1978 changed the name of its diplomatic office in New Delhi from the Royal Bhutan Mission to the Royal Bhutan Embassy to further reflect its sovereign status.
		Bhutan exerted its independent stance at the Non-Aligned Movement summit conference in Havana, also in 1979, by voting with China and some Southeast Asian countries rather than with India on the issue of allowing Cambodia's Khmer Rouge to be seated at the conference.
	countrystudies.us /bhutan/50.htm (766 words)

	Bhutan slows military offensive to expel Indian separatists: Army
		Bhutan says it has destroyed all the 30 camps belonging to three Indian separatist groups since the launch of the military offensive December 15, the kingdoms first since it fought the British in 1865.
		Bhutan has released no casualty figures, but the Indian army, which helps train the Bhutanese army, says more than 140 rebels have died along with eight Bhutanese troops and support personnel since the offensive started.
		Bhutan said earlier this week that 500 rebels have already surrendered to its forces, while Indian officials say they have at least 100 rebels in their custody.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2003/12/mil-031229-irna02.htm (390 words)

	[No title]
		IT is difficult to question the legitimacy of Bhutan's military action from the point of view of the country's government.
		However, even without Bhutan's compulsions to be sensitive and responsive to Indian concerns in this regard, what perhaps outraged the authorities in Bhutan as it appears from the Bhutan Foreign Ministry statement, was the brazen assumption of the separatist leaders that their organisations were there as a matter of right.
		The sentiments expressed in the statement issued by the Bhutan Foreign Ministry to explain the launching of the military operations are unexceptionable, except for a tiny bit of reservation.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=20040116006400400.htm&date=fl2101/&prd=fline& (2440 words)

	Bhutan British Intrusion, 1772-1907 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Bhutan agreed to return to its pre-1730 boundaries, paid a symbolic tribute of five horses to Britain, and, among other concessions, allowed the British to harvest timber in Bhutan.
		Subsequent missions to Bhutan were made by the British in 1776, 1777, and 1783, and commerce was opened between British India and Bhutan and, for a short time, Tibet.
		Bhutan had no regular army, and what forces existed were composed of dzong guards armed with matchlocks, bows and arrows, swords, knives, and catapults.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/bhutan/bhutan_history_british_intrusion_1772_1907.html (1032 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Nation
		The first generation of Bhutanese professionals were educated in India and the Government of India helped Bhutan establish early infrastructure like hospitals and schools, the network of motor roads and bridges, a microwave link, an international airport, and major projects in all areas of development that opened new horizons for a small landlocked country.
		Bhutan, with its pristine mountain environment and network of freshwater river systems, provides an ideal setting for the development of hydropower, an ecologically friendly source of energy.
		Bhutan appreciates and is comfortable with the cooperation provided by a large neighbour that has shown the magnanimity to help a small country grow at its own pace and on its own terms.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1050124/asp/nation/story_4289188.asp (911 words)

	Bhutan - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The area, historically close to Tibet to the north, came under the influence of the British in India during the 19th century and a protectorate was established in 1910, with Britain (India after 1947) assuming control of foreign affairs, but refraining from interference in internal affairs.
		Negotiations are proceeding between Bhutan and Nepal to establish the status of these claimants.
		Candidates to the council of ministers are nominated by the king, and elected by the National Assembly, and serving fixed, five-year terms.
	www.free-definition.com /Bhutan.html (984 words)

	The view from New Delhi
		BHUTAN'S military action against the terror camps on its soil has been widely read as a consequence of Indian diplomatic pressure on the Dragon Kingdom to act.
		Pamphlets circulated by the BCP both in Nepal and Bhutan proclaimed that its objective was to "smash the monarchy" and establish a "true and new democracy".
		Bhutan's concerns were discussed during King Wangchuck's visit to India in September 2003, and a tentative plan of military action was drawn up.
	www.flonnet.com /fl2101/stories/20040116005101500.htm (1788 words)

	AT Editorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bhutan has made it clear that there would be no rest till the last militant is driven out of country.
		Bhutan’s case becomes even stronger if viewed in the light of its genuine effort to resolve the problem in an amicable manner but which the militants disregarded.
		Bhutan has, of course, denied the charges and, instead, has said that women and children are being looked after ‘well’.
	www.assamtribune.com /dec2403/edit.html (611 words)

	RAOnline Bhutan: Information on Bodo & Ulfa
		If they prolonged their stay inside Bhutan, the number of their cadres and camps would increase and there was every possibility of Bhutanese territory becoming a war zone with armed conflict breaking out with the militants.
		Bhutan was on the brink of an armed conflict and its security and sovereignty was seriously threatened.
		He said that Bhutan must be extremely cautious because, just as an axe and a spade were both made of the same metal, the militants and people of Assam were all citizens of India so the issue might have far reaching implications for Bhutan.
	mypage.bluewindow.ch /raonline/pages/bt/btbodo4.html (1337 words)

	Military operation in Bhutan
		Bhutan, too, has similar geographical terrain and dense forests where the Royal Bhutan Army have not realised that the Northeast rebels are likely to relocate their bases.
		Bhutan has been tightlipped on the number of casualties on her side.
		Bhutan is believed to have captured 30 camps run by the three rebel groups — 13 camps of United Liberation Front of Ason, 12 of National Democratic Front of Boroland and five of Kamtapur Liberation Organisation.
	www.kantipuronline.com /kolnews.php?&nid=4908 (768 words)

	BBC NEWS \| South Asia \| Bhutan troops die in rebel action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ulfa's military commander, Paresh Barua, told the BBC that two of their bases in southern Bhutan housing their military and political wings had come under heavy attack.
		Indian military officials say they have deployed additional troops on the borders with Bhutan to take on groups of guerrillas who may flee into the neighbouring states of Assam or West Bengal.
		Bhutan's National Assembly authorised troops to initiate military action against the rebels if they did not leave the kingdom on their own.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/south_asia/3323157.stm (500 words)

	rediff.com: Major General Ashok K Mehta on the trouble in Bhutan
		A breakthrough was made at least late last year, between Nepal and Bhutan in their tenth round of negotiations on the question of verification and repatriation of refugees, who are mostly ethnic Nepali-Hindus who farmed in the southern plains of Bhutan.
		The king is also preparing the people of Bhutan for the aftermath of any future military confrontation with the insurgent groups holed up in their jungle camps in the far east of the country.
		Bhutan is running out of options for persuading the armed militants to relocate their camps outside Bhutan.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/mar/30mehta.htm (1070 words)

	Bhutan: The Chickens are coming home to roost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bhutan gradually found itself entangled in what was primarily India’s internal conflict as ULFA used Southern Bhutan as sanctuary to conduct raids across the border in India.
		Bhutan's Home Minister Lyonpo Thinley Gyamtsho informed the Assembly that he had held six rounds of direct talks with the top ULFA leadership since 1998 on the issue of dismantling their camps.
		Bhutan has dealt with the Indian insistence on the issue of joint military operations by hoping that the nightmare that it finds itself in will go away if it procrastinates long enough.
	www.hrdc.net /sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF66.htm (1739 words)

	Asia Times Online - The best news coverage from South Asia
		But with the arrival in Bhutan of a Pakistani prime minister, who is allegedly on a short leash held by the Pakistani army, some in New Delhi see new problems in the offing.
		This is because southern Bhutan was heavily populated by migrant Nepalese, who later tried to make it an independent territory free of the royal writ of Thimpu.
		Bhutan's premier, Lyonpo Jigmi Thinley, was at the time attending the 12th South Asian Association of Regional Countries summit in Islamabad.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/FK25Df03.html (1279 words)

	Bhutan's Foreign Policy and Relations: Bhutannewsonline.com
		Secondly, Bhutan’s treaty relations with India, heavy dependence on India economic aid and its land-locked status hindered the growth of independent diplomacy.
		Bhutan chose to establish international bilateral diplomatic relationship with the ‘non-organic powers’, the industrialised nations and members of the OECD, like the Scandinavian countries, Japan, South Korea etc. Japan, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Finland, Canada, Sweden and Australia are the prominent aid donors.
		Bhutan established formal diplomatic ties with Australia on September 14, 2002 and Singapore on September 20, 2002.
	www.bhutannewsonline.com /foreign-relations.html (985 words)

	Military of Bhutan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Military branches of Bhutan: Royal Bhutan Army, Royal Bodyguards, Militia, Royal Bhutan Police
		Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
		Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Bhutan (79 words)

	VOA News - Bhutan's Army Kills at Least 90 Indian Separatists
		Bhutan's military has reportedly killed at least 90 Indian separatists in the three days since launching an offensive to force the militants out of the kingdom.
		But Thinley Penjor, Bhutan's deputy head of mission in New Delhi, stresses that it is not a joint military operation.
		The military has also fanned out along the border in the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal the country's remote northeast to assist.
	www.voanews.com /english/Archive/a-2003-12-18-2-Bhutan-s.cfm (304 words)

	Asia Times Online - The best news coverage from South Asia
		While some allege that Bhutan acted under pressure from India, there is considerable evidence to suggest that the Himalayan kingdom acted against the militant groups as they were beginning to pose a threat to Bhutan's monarchy and internal security.
		The military operations, the first-ever offensive action to be taken by the Bhutanese army, is said to have dealt a significant blow to the militant network based in Bhutan.
		The military junta's brutal crackdown on pro-democracy activists in Myanmar, the arrest of Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of the National League for Democracy, and the government's rejection of the people's mandate resulted in a significant cooling in India-Myanmar relations in the 1988-92 period.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/FA17Df04.html (1422 words)

	Nepali Times \| Issue 177 \| Opinion \| Limited intervention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Bhutan government’s military offensive to flush out Indian separatist militants from its territory is shrouded in secrecy and raises more questions than it answers.
		We must remember that the separatist militants arrived in Bhutan at a time of maximum security alert in southern Bhutan because this was the period during which the Nepali-speaking Lhotsampas were being driven out.
		On the one hand, the militants were becoming a threat to Bhutan’s internal security, and on the other, the Indians were itching to come into Bhutan to destroy the camps—a move that would seriously undermine Bhutan’s sovereign status.
	www.nepalnews.com /ntimes/issue177/opinion.htm (779 words)

	RAOnline Bhutan: Information on the Bodo & Ulfa Conflict - National security endangered
		For the first time, after several repeated complaints by India, the Bhutan government has finally decided to take military action against insurgent groups that are operating from inside Bhutanese territory.
		In the past, the Bhutan government had appealed to the insurgent groups to leave the country but their efforts were in vain.
		The latest offensive by the Bhutan government may put an end to the safe haven for the insurgents in the jungles of Bhutan, but the big question still remains on the whereabouts of the ULFA big guns - people like Arabinda Rajkhowa and Paresh Barua.
	mypage.bluewindow.ch /raonline/pages/bt/btbodo12c.html (635 words)

	Unprepared Bhutan prepares for war
		Bhutan wants the Northeast ultras to leave its territory and take shelter in countries other than Bhutan, or wants them to return to where they came from.
		The refugees’ loyalty and their contribution to economic development of Bhutan remained unquestionable until they were forced to leave their country under the draconian law.
		Had Bhutan made attempts to accommodate minorities’ rights, the situation Bhutan is facing today would have hardly prevailed in southern Bhutan.
	www.kantipuronline.com /kolnews.php?&nid=2576 (791 words)

	Bhutan lesson for rainbow warriors - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bhutan, with its small army, did for India what she herself with all her military might dared not do for decades.
		While initially Bhutan may have looked on these anti-Indian elements as bargaining chips to be used in the diplomatic balance with India, by the late nineties the kingdom found itself in the embarrassing position of all but being held to ransom by militant organisations.
		The agonising effort of the MNF cadres who hauled arms and ammunitions on their backs for months over thousands of kilometers of the worst terrain came to naught, with the second batch walking straight into a camp designated for surrender as arranged by the MNF which was holding parleys with the then Indian government.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/jan062004/edst.asp (688 words)

	Bhutan Military manpower - military age - Military
		Bhutan Military manpower - military age - Military
		Home > Bhutan > Military > Military manpower - military age
		This entry gives the minimum age at which an individual may volunteer for military service or be subject to conscription.
	www.indexmundi.com /bhutan/military_manpower_military_age.html (64 words)

	BBC NEWS \| South Asia \| Bhutan attacks Indian rebel bases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bhutan says at least eight of its soldiers have died trying to evict Indian rebels from bases in the tiny Himalayan kingdom.
		Indian military officials said they had deployed additional troops to seal the border with Bhutan and take on rebel groups trying to flee into Indian territory, but denied any plans to enter Bhutan.
		Bhutan is now living up to its promise that it will not allow anti-Indian elements to thrive there
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/south_asia/3320787.stm (536 words)

	Bhutan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This has, however, generated some dissent from some southern Bhutanese of Nepalese descent (lhotsampa), who are reluctant to abide by the rules and regulations of another culture.
		Mountain peaks in the north reach up to over 7000 meters, the highest point being the Kula Kangri at 7553 meters.
		While Dzongkha is the official language, many local languages are spoken, some, in remote areas, with only a few speakers.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/bh/Bhutan.htm (845 words)

	Indian troops kill seven separatists along Bhutan border
		Guwahati, Dec 26, IRNA -- At least seven Indian separatists were killed Thursday by federal soldiers while trying to enter the border state of Assam from Bhutan as the military offensive by the Buddhist nation has reached a crucial stage.
		They cannot continue to remain in the kingdom for long." Bhutan says it has destroyed 30 rebel camps, adding that militants were still hiding in heavily forested region.
		Both the ULFA and the NDFB are fighting for independent homelands in Assam and carry out hit-and-run guerrilla strikes on Indian security forces from their bases in Bhutan.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2003/12/mil-031226-irna01.htm (403 words)

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