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Topic: Military of Chad

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	Chad. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Chad is bordered by the Central African Republic on the south, Sudan on the east, Libya on the north, and Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria on the west.
		In 1900, French forces defeated Rabah’s army, and by 1913 the conquest of Chad was completed; it was organized as a French colony in French Equatorial Africa and remained under military rule.
		In 1987, the combined forces of FROLINAT and the Chadian government (with French and U.S. military aid) drove Libya from the entire northern region with the exception of the Aozou Strip and parts of Tibesti; in 1994 the International Court of Justice rejected Libya’s claims and returned the area to Chad.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Chad.html (1225 words)

	Chad - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chad also has received refugees from the Central African Republic, 30,000 of whom fled a coup there in 2003 and smaller numbers that were displaced by banditry in 2005.
		Chad said the change was necessary because of national financial difficulties, caused in part by the rebellion in the east.
		Chad: the tip of the spear: a revolution is taking place in the dust bowls of southern Chad, one that will have a profound impact on how African countries do business with the major oil companies in the future.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-chad.html (1877 words)

	Chad - GOVERNMENT
		Following a military coup in 1975, in which Tombalbaye was killed, and the general deterioration of state institutions, lengthy negotiations in 1978 led to a new constitution that established an unsuccessful coalition among Chad's warring factions.
		Chad's small journalistic community looked forward to the improvement of nationwide media as a means of educating and unifying the population.
		Chad's conflict with Libya became symbolic of the OAU's frustrated attempts to impose a coherent framework on Africa, and it defied the OAU resolution to uphold colonially imposed boundaries and settle inter-African disputes peacefully.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/chad/GOVERNMENT.html (10073 words)

	Chad: History — Infoplease.com
		Chad also has received refugees from the Central African Republic, 30,000 of whom fled a coup there in 2003 and smaller numbers that were displaced by banditry in 2005.
		Chad said the change was necessary because of national financial difficulties, caused in part by the rebellion in the east.
		Chad: the tip of the spear: a revolution is taking place in the dust bowls of southern Chad, one that will have a profound impact......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0857238.html (1284 words)

	Chad
		Chad is somewhat similar to Sudan in that it has a northern part inhabited by an Islamic (and partly Arabic-speaking) population of pastoralist semidesert peoples, and a southern part of Christians and traditional religious people, engaged in mixed agriculture, crafts, and trade.
		Chad is basically a large plain, with some mountain ranges, including the Guéra massif in the center and the Ouaddaï or Ennedi massif in the east; in the north in the middle of the desert lies the spectacular Tibesti range, where cultivation is possible due to higher rainfall.
		Chad did not exist as a political unit before the French conquest of 1900, but was an area of important indigenous state formation and had seen Arab immigration (of groups collectively called Djoheina and Hassaouna) and Islamization since the fourteenth century.
	www.everyculture.com /Bo-Co/Chad.html (5973 words)

	Military of Chad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Military of Chad was dominated by members of Toubou, Zaghawa, Kanembou, Hadjerai, and Massa ethnic groups during the presidency of Hissène Habré.
		In the mid- and late-1990s, a rebellion in the south by the FARF delayed the promised petrol development until it was crushed by government forces.
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Chad (676 words)

	Amnesty International:Chad (1996)
		The military authorities have acknowledged that child recruitment is indeed going on, and although they are aware of the problem, they turn a blind eye to these unjustified arrests.
		Likewise, French military cooperation personnel stationed at Faya Largeau could not fail to be aware that between November 1994 and March 1996 prisoners, who were being transported in French Transall and American C130 aircraft, were being held in inhuman conditions.
		Military cooperation from the People's Republic of China, which has supplied a large amount of aid -- including arms and uniforms -- to the Chadian armed forces, is continuing in other spheres.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/intcam/chad/chad4.htm (3698 words)

	Top20Chad.com - Your Top20 Guide to Chad!
		Chad has four climatic zones: it has broad, arid plains in the center, desert in the north, dry mountains in the northwest, and tropical lowlands in the south.
		The terrain of Chad in central Africa is dominated by the low-lying Chad Basin (elevation about 250 m / 820 ft), which rises gradually to mountains and plateaus on the north, east, and south.
		Chad's primarily agricultural economy is being boosted by major oilfield and pipeline developments that began in 2000.
	www.top20chad.com (2630 words)

	Chad's troubled unifier \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		Chad's president, Idriss Deby, was embraced as a unifier when he seized power by force in 1990.
		Now some of the former military pilot's own relatives have turned on him in a scramble for power heightened by the 2004 discovery of oil in a central African country with few other resources and a history of instability.
		Born in 1952 to a pastor's family and trained at military schools in Chad and France, Deby allied himself with Hissene Habre, a northern political leader, in a civil war that began in 1979.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/124801 (646 words)

	Chad Government and Politics
		Libya took advantage of Chad's instability in the early 1970s to press its claim to the Aozou Strip in northern Chad, based on centuries of close ties among border populations and an unratified 1935 Franco-Italian agreement, which had been ignored by intervening governments.
		French ties with Chad, based on historical, commercial, political, and strategic interests, rivaled those of Libya, and the Aozou Strip provided an arena in which this rivalry could be pursued.
		Chad's political shifts in the early 1980s resulted from international fears of Libyan intervention through influence in Goukouni's regime, France's revised African policy following the Socialist Party's election victory in 1981, and military gains by Habré.
	www.country-studies.com /chad/government-and-politics.html (880 words)

	Who Served? \| Military Service of Politicians
		Chad is a veteran of the U.S. Army, serving seven years on active duty with nearly two years overseas in four countries.
		Chad was also part of the planning and initial airborne task force for Operation Uphold Democracy, an invasion of the country of Haiti that was avoided by diplomatic negotiations.
		Chad is a member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the American Legion.
	www.whoserved.com /about.asp (450 words)

	News: Chad, Rebel advance puts Chad capital on alert
		Security sources, who asked not to be named, said a French military aircraft on a surveillance flight had spotted a rebel column at Massenya, 160 km (100 miles) southeast of the capital of the landlocked central African oil producer.
		France has around 1,200 troops in Chad under a military cooperation accord and France's RFI radio said these were on standby to help with an evacuation of foreigners if necessary.
		Chad's government said on Wednesday its army had regained control of Mongo, a town which rebels said they had attacked and occupied on Tuesday 400 km (250 miles) east of N'Djamena.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/LSGZ-6NSHJF?OpenDocument (646 words)

	CNN.com - U.S. backs Chad against extremists - Mar 11, 2004
		The U.S. military mission is not covert, but officials have not talked about the details because of sensitivities in the region concerning the presence of U.S. forces.
		The government of Chad said GSPC leader Saifi Ammari, also known as "al-Para" was killed in the firefight, but the United States has not been able to confirm that.
		Chad asked U.S. intelligence officials for a photograph of the terrorist leader so it can be compared with one of the bodies, sources said.
	www.cnn.com /2004/WORLD/africa/03/11/us.chad (382 words)

	Chad - The French Military Role in Chad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chad also signed a bilateral military technical assistance agreement under which France continued to provide equipment, training, and French advisers in Chadian uniforms.
		In 1976 another series of military accords was negotiated covering future French military aid and the transfer of equipment left behind by the French.
		In spite of the decisive commitment of Libyan forces in the GUNT offensive of mid-1983, the French were at first reluctant to respond to Habré's urgent request for direct intervention.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-2377.html (699 words)

	Chad - Gurupedia
		Chad (تشاد) is a country in central Africa that borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west.
		Middle Ages, Chad became a crossroads between the Muslim traders and the native tribes.
		Chad has four climactic zones: it has broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, dry mountains in northwest, and tropical lowlands in south.
	www.gurupedia.com /c/ch/chad.htm (728 words)

	afrol News - Increasing military tension in Chad
		The security situation in eastern Chad is reported to remain "volatile" by humanitarian workers in the region close to the Sudanese border.
		The Chadian military and civilian leadership is mostly of the Zaghawa people, as is the President, and many blame Mr Deby for not doing enough to aid the many Zaghawas targeted by the Janjaweed in Darfur.
		The international community meanwhile is highly concerned over potential instabilities in Chad, as the country forms the lifeline for humanitarian aid to the estimated 1.2 million Darfuris displaced by the conflict in Western Sudan.
	www.afrol.com /articles/14229 (713 words)

	Garowe Online - Africa
		Chad says it will not accept UN military peacekeepers on its eastern border with Sudan's Darfur region.
		The force is to protect refugees in Chad and the Central African Republic displaced by the conflict in Darfur.
		The crisis in Darfur has spilled over into neighbouring Chad and the Central African Republic and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said recently that he favoured the deployment of a peacekeeping force to these areas.
	www.garoweonline.com /artman2/publish/Africa_22/Chad_rejects_a_UN_military_force.shtml (396 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Chad reaffirms objection to deployment of UN peacekeepers in its territory
		Chad reaffirms objection to deployment of UN peacekeepers in its territory
		"Chad will never accept the deployment of any foreign military force on its eastern border, except for civilian police officers," said Chadian Deputy Foreign Minister Djidda Moussa Outman at a meeting with envoys from the United States, France, Russia and China.
		Ban proposed two possible military options for Chad: a 6,000-strong force backed by 20 helicopters and an observation aircraft and a 10,900-strong force backed by 11 helicopters and two observation aircraft.
	english.people.com.cn /200703/01/eng20070301_353337.html (271 words)

	Newsvine - chad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chad's government is voicing opposition to a U.N. plan to deploy troops along its border with Sudan to protect tens of thousands of people who have sought refuge there from the conflict in neighboring Darfur.
		Chad accused neighboring Sudan on Saturday of bombing four towns along its eastern border, close to Sudan's volatile western Darfur region where thousands have been displaced by three years of conflict.
		Only a trickle of voters cast ballots Wednesday in the capital of Chad, where incumbent President Idriss Deby was expected to retain control of this emerging African oil exporter after rebuffing calls to delay the election in favor of peace talks with rebels.
	www.newsvine.com /chad (1425 words)

	Chad - FOREIGN MILITARY COOPERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since Chad's independence, France has exercised a preeminent role in the military sphere, sustaining both ground and air forces by providing the bulk of the equipment and training needs of the country.
		French military contingents have either been present in Chad or poised in nearby countries for rapid deployment during periods of instability.
		During this phase, the value of the equipment supplied by the two countries was roughly the same, although the ongoing burden on France--including support for the defense budget, training, construction, and French troop operations--was much higher.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-2376.html (142 words)

	Analysts: French Military Aid Key to Chad, CAR
		Stability in Chad, he says, is key to France keeping its influence in the entire region.
		French forces dispatched from Chad were critical in helping the Central African Republic's forces retake the northern city of Birao earlier this week.
		As in Chad, France says its role in CAR is largely logistical.
	www.voanews.com /english/2006-11-29-voa31.cfm?rss=europe (636 words)

	Libya-Chad Conflict - Military Photos
		Claimed to be rich with uranium deposits, a dispute over the control of this area with Libya led to a war between the two countries.
		In 1973, Libya engaged in military operations in the Aozou Strip to gain access to minerals and to use it as a base of influence in Chadian politics.
		A cease-fire between Chad and Libya held from 1987 to 1988, followed by unsuccessful negotiations over the next several years, leading finally to the 1994 International Court of Justice decision granting Chad sovereignty over the Aozou strip, which ended Libyan occupation.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=88434 (768 words)

	Chad promises to demobilize child soldiers - CNN.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chad's secretary of state for foreign affairs, Djidda Moussa Outman, said the government had already started demobilizing the child soldiers at Mongo as a "a strong sign of Chad's goodwill".
		In November, a Chadian journalist was detained by military police and accused of insulting the honour of the armed forces after he wrote an article saying teenagers were being recruited to fight rebels opposed to Deby's rule.
		Several rebel groups are staging a hit-and-run guerrilla war in their campaign to topple Deby, who himself seized power in a 1990 revolt from the east.
	www.cnn.com /2007/WORLD/africa/05/09/chad.children.reut/index.html?eref=rss_latest (595 words)

	Blowback in Africa - Editorials & Commentary - International Herald Tribune
		In the 1970s, Chad's president, François Tombalbaye, compelled civil servants to renounce Western customs, undergo a tribal initiation rite known as yondo and profess belief in a nationalist creed he called Chaditude.
		Last year, Chad took part in a vast, international military exercise organized by the United States - the largest exercise of its kind in Africa since World War II, according to the Defense Department.
		Déby is a member of the Zaghawa - a northern tribe making up roughly 5 percent of Chad's population - and last year the State Department described his regime as a Zaghawa oligarchy shielded by a security and intelligence apparatus that violates human rights with impunity.
	www.iht.com /articles/2006/04/28/opinion/edraffi.php (623 words)

	Troops fortify positions in Chad capital - Military Photos
		In addition to the rebellion, Chad's government has in recent weeks reporting violence pitting ethnic Arab Chadians against ethnic African Chadians, mirroring ethnic clashes in Darfur.
		Chad often accuses Sudan of supporting Chadian rebels and Sudan makes a similar accusation against Chad.
		Chad, an impoverished country in central Africa, has suffered from years of political turmoil that have hampered economic development.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=98329 (523 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Chadian military plane shot down near Sudanese border, official says
		N'DJAMENA, Chad – A Chadian military reconnaissance plane was shot down in eastern Chad on Tuesday, a government spokesman said, and a rebel group claimed responsibility.
		The plane was downed in Chad's volatile east, close to the Sudanese border, government spokesman Hourmadji Moussa Doumgor said at a news conference.
		Both France and Britain have cautioned their citizens not to travel to Chad and France bolstered its presence in Chad with 100 additional troops, a supply plane and a reconnaissance plane, a military official said Tuesday.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20061128-1533-chad.html (807 words)

	Chad military plane shot down near Sudan - Boston.com
		A Chadian military reconnaissance plane was shot down in eastern Chad on Tuesday, a government spokesman said, and a rebel group claimed responsibility.
		The plane was downed in Chad's volatile east, close to the Sudanese border, government spokesman Hourmadji Moussa Doumgor said at a news conference.
		Both France and Britain have cautioned their citizens not to travel to Chad and France bolstered its presence in Chad with 100 additional troops, a supply plane and a reconnaissance plane, a military official said Tuesday.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2006/11/28/rebels_shoot_down_chadian_military_plane?mode=PF (821 words)

	AllRefer.com - Chad : History (Chad Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		In 1979 a coalition government headed by Goukouni Oueddei, a former rebel from the north, assumed power, ending control of the government by southern Chadians, but he was overthrown in 1982 by the forces of former prime minister HissEne HabrE.
		In 1990, Idriss DEby, leader of the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), overthrew the government and promised democratic reforms and a new constitution.
		The same month the government signed a peace agreement with rebels in E Chad.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Chad-history.html (691 words)

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