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Topic: Military of China

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	China
		China was in the first group of countries to sign the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and joined in the work of the Preparatory Commission of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in a conscientious and constructive manner.
		China as a nuclear-weapon state never shies away from its due obligations, advocating that nuclear-weapon states should undertake not to be the first to use nuclear weapons and repeatedly proposing that nuclear-weapon states negotiate and conclude an international treaty on the no-first-use of nuclear weapons against each other.
		China believes that the indefinite extension of this treaty reaffirms the objectives of international cooperation in nuclear disarmament, the prevention of nuclear proliferation and the promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear energy and should not be interpreted as permitting the nuclear-weapon states to retain possession of nuclear weapons forever.
	www.nti.org /db/china/engdocs/whteppr.htm (6637 words)

	Military Spending
		Modernizing China's Military The 2005 study conducted by the RAND Corporation's Project Air Force examines the "opportunities and constraints" of the Chinese government's pursuit of military modernization.
		China's military-industrial complex, the third largest in the world, produced a wide variety of weapons, including light arms and ammunition, armor, artillery, combat aircraft, fast-attack craft, frigates, destroyers, conventional and nuclear submarines, electronic equipment, tactical missiles, and ballistic missiles.
		By official accounts, the composition of China's defense expenditure in 1997 was as follows: 29.162 billion yuan for personnel expenses, accounting for 35.89 percent; 26.536 billion yuan for maintenance of activities, 32.66 percent; and 25.559 billion yuan for equipment, 31.45 percent.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/china/budget.htm (2673 words)

	China's Military On the Move
		China has always considered Taiwan to be a renegade province and has often stated that it intends to get it back.
		China's air force is presently configured for defense and the possibility of shorter-range offensive operations against, for instance, Taiwan.
		But as for when China's military may achieve parity with the United States and other first-world nations, the consensus among most analysts is that the People's Liberation Army and its naval and aviation branches are still decades away from such capabilities.
	nyjtimes.com /cover/08-27-06/ChinasMilitaryOnTheMove.htm (954 words)

	China's Military Capabilities
		Initially deployed in China in 1970, the Q-5 is a substantially upgraded version of the MiG-19, which was initially deployed in the Soviet Union in 1954 and later produced by China under the designation J-6.
		China is expected to deploy a carrier capable of carrying 24 fighter planes plus helicopters in the support role.
		China’s current forces do not include enough transport assets to accomplish such a task, however; and there is no evidence that China is building up larger numbers of amphibious assault ships or large cargo aircraft.
	www.comw.org /cmp/fulltext/iddschina.html (5386 words)

	China's Hollow Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Military service, with its low remuneration and family disruption, is increasingly seen as a poor alternative to work in the private sector.
		China's armed forces talk a good high-tech game, but possess few of the requisite assets and are redressing their weaknesses at a very slow pace.
		Though some analysts estimate China's military budget to be as high as $65 billion a year in purchasing power terms, the resources it devotes to acquiring modern weaponry are akin to those of countries spending $10-20 billion a year on defense.
	www.brook.edu /views/articles/ohanlon/1999natint_sum.htm (4540 words)

	Is China a Regional Military Threat? - Council on Foreign Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		China has hundreds of ballistic missiles aimed at Taiwan, and is targeting much of its militarization campaign specifically at the island, including building amphibious tanks that can be used to storm Taiwan’s shores.
		Analysts say Russia and China are cooperating on a new security relationship that would protect oil pipelines and gas-shipping routes from rivals and terrorists: this month, China began building a private pipeline from the northeastern Chinese city of Heihe to the town of Baloveshcehnsk in Russia.
		China and Russia are also moving toward a security arrangement to counter U.S. and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) influence in the region.
	www.cfr.org /publication/9052/is_china_a_regional_military_threat.html (1794 words)

	Pentagon: China's Military Strengthening
		Fueled by a booming economy and foreign arms purchases, China's military is developing new capabilities in line with Beijing's strategy of deterring Taiwan from declaring its independence and countering a potential U.S. military intervention, according to the 45-page report, an annual assessment required by Congress.
		The short-term focus of China's military is preparing for potential conflict in the Taiwan Strait, the report said.
		China needs to be more open, politically as well as economically, Rumsfeld said, in order to be seen internationally as a more welcome partner.
	www.military.com /NewsContent/0,13319,FL_china_072005,00.html (778 words)

	CHINA'S MILITARY POTENTIAL: Foreword and Summary
		China's standing armed force of some 2.8 million active soldiers in uniform is the largest military force in the world.
		When Chinese military and civilian leaders claim that their priority is economic growth and stability, they mean it; the primary mission of the PLA and the People's Armed Police (PAP) is internal security and stability.
		To compensate, China's military leaders are working to develop the capability to control sea lines of communication, project regional force, and deter the United States and other potential adversaries in creative ways without matching forces.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/china/doctrine/chinamil.htm (705 words)

	SAPRA INDIA: Military Issues: China''s Space Programme
		China announced on January 10, 2001, that it had successfully launched its second unmanned spacecraft, "Shenzhou II", from the Jiuquan Satellite Launching Centre, in north-west China.
		It claimed that China was the third country in the world to have mastered the technology of satellite recovery, with the success rate reaching the advanced international level, and the fifth country capable of developing and launching geo-stationary telecommunications satellites independently.
		Tracing the evolution of China's manned spaceflight program since it was launched in 1992, the White Paper claimed that China has developed a manned spacecraft and a high- reliability launching vehicle, carried out engineering studies in aerospace medicine and aerospace life science, selected reserve astronauts and developed equipment for aerospace remote-sensing and aerospace scientific experiments.
	www.subcontinent.com /sapra/research/military/military20010110a.html (2175 words)

	China accepts U.S. invitation to watch military exercise
		China accepts an invitation from the United States to observe a U.S. military exercise to be held this month in Guam, which has been extended to build ties between the two sides, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman said Thursday.
		China said Rumsfeld's criticisms about a lack of transparency in the Chinese military were unacceptable.
		Military ties between the two countries have been chilly since the 2001 collision of a U.S. Navy plane and a Chinese fighter jet off China's southern coast, but steps for improvement including military officials' visits have been taken in the recent past.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /china/2006-06/08/content_612294.htm (320 words)

	MILITARY EXPORTS TO CHINA
		Background The context for China's foreign military imports during the 1990s lies in China's recent military modernization efforts.3 Until the mid- 1980s, China's military doctrine focused on defeating technologically superior invading forces by trading territory for time and employing China's vast reserves of manpower.
		China's air force units are hampered in their ability to communicate with air defense, naval, and ground units.
		China may have to significantly enhance the training, quality, and education level of its military personnel to use increasingly advanced equipment.
	www.softwar.net /gao176.html (4545 words)

	China's Military
		With its economy booming, China is rapidly expanding its ability to mount an amphibious assault on Taiwan, which it regards as a renegade province and routinely threatens with forced reunification.
		China's military budget, roughly equal to that of Taiwan in 1994, is now estimated to be three times as big as that of its potential target.
		China is overcoming its military backwardness by leapfrogging to new generations of technology, including the latest in information-warfare tactics: electronic and cyber warfare, decapitation attacks, special-forces operations, computer viruses and psychological operations that could cripple Taiwan's command-and-control structures.
	www.orwelltoday.com /chinamilitary.shtml (1120 words)

	Report debunks 'China threat' - Military Photos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		China is operating very much at the psychological or political, rather than military, level of conflict." In fact, the most important conclusion is that "China has since 1995 displayed a clear preference for use of military coercion against Taiwan only in a very limited, modulated and non-lethal fashion".
		Even though the military threat from China resurfaced prominently in 1995, Taiwan has not made the sort of massive new investment in defense capability and defense mobilization that this might have suggested." In fact, despite increased military spending by China, Taiwan is not responding in kind.
		China's submarine force, which would be critical for any blockade of Taiwan, had previously shown rapid growth, doubling in size from 1975-91, from 51 to 99 boats.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=1097 (1152 words)

	China
		China currently has 450 short-range missiles in the Nanjing Military Region across the Taiwan straits that are capable of attacking Taiwan -- and possibly U.S. targets in the region.
		The report also said China's military exercises are increasingly focused on a possible clash with the United States.
		The Pentagon estimates that China's defense budget is $45 billion to $65 billion, as opposed to the $20 billion China announced in 2002.
	www.uwmc.uwc.edu /political_science/MIIIE/chinapolmildoctrines.htm (1342 words)

	SPACE.com -- China Military Space Power Advancing, Pentagon Reports
		Chinas strategy for the developing world seeks to expand the scope and depth of its relationships, primarily as a means to secure access to natural resources and markets, but also to build influence and political support in multilateral bodies.
		China is conducting extensive studies and is seeking foreign assistance on small satellites.
		The Department of Defense report stresses that deciphering the decision-making behind Chinas military modernization is challenging, in large part because of the "extensive secrecy" surrounding Chinese security affairs and a "distinct aversion" to real transparency on the part of Chinas leaders.
	www.space.com /news/china_dod_040530.html (1688 words)

	China's cruise missile program Military Review - Find Articles
		China's effort to acquire cruise missiles is a disturbing development.
		China is also trying to acquire the Russian 3M54 Club ASCM, which can be launched from surface ship vertical launchers or submarine torpedo tubes, has a range of 300 kilometers, and flies at supersonic speeds to attack its target.
		China is trying to manufacture its own cruise missiles to deliver conventional and unconventional payloads.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PBZ/is_1_84/ai_n6112517 (867 words)

	China's secretive military \| csmonitor.com
		China's military is at a transitional moment, according to a July Defense Department report.
		China has a strategic nuclear force and its navy is moving into the open seas.
		China's secrecy and initial denials of the nature and extent of the 2003 SARS epidemic, which had global consequences, was roundly criticized by health officials.
	www.csmonitor.com /2005/1018/p01s03-woap.html (1241 words)

	Modernizing China's Military
		He includes an insightful summary of more than a century's history of the Chinese military as a basis for explaining many of the problems the PLA has had, and will continue to have, in its modernization.
		The result of a decade's research, Modernizing China's Military comes at a crucial moment in history, one when international attention is increasingly focused on the rise of Chinese military power.
		Basing his analysis on an unprecedented use of Chinese military publications and interviews with People's Liberation Army (PLA) officers, Shambaugh addresses important questions about Chinese strategic intentions and military capabilities--questions that are of key concern for government policymakers as well as strategic analysts and a concerned public.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9118.html (631 words)

	China Defends Military Budget
		China's foreign ministry said Thursday that Beijing regularly releases information about its military, including details on defense spending.
		The Pentagon, however, estimates that China's military budget may be as much as three times that amount.
		And she urged China to accept the responsibilities that come with its increasing global influence.
	www.voanews.com /khmer/2006-03-16-voa2.cfm (281 words)

	Military Of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		If you would like to use this flag of China or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this map of China or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this information for China or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/china_country_military.shtml (195 words)

	Military history of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Han military undertook many military expeditions into the deep steppe and to the far western regions in what is now central Asia to subdue and attempt to end the threat with varying degrees of success.
		During the reign of Han Wudi, the Han adopted the nomadic cavalry system and raised it's own corps of cavalry to meet their opponents mounted style of warfare.
		This allowed for the projection of Han military power in the form of infantry units deep within enemy territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_history_of_China (3107 words)

	Asia Times
		A Pentagon report on China's military buildup has sparked interest largely because of a perceived threat to the security of Taiwan.
		Just three days after a Pentagon report to the US Congress detailed the state of China's military arsenal and its potential threat to US interests in East Asia, a report by a government commission voiced many of the same concerns.
		Some have dismissed the latest Pentagon report on Beijing's military buildup as alarmist, pointing out that for all its size, China possesses a "hollow military".
	www.atimes.com /atimes/others/China_Military.html (329 words)

	World Military Strength Ranking
		Above you will find a basic ranking model of the world military powers in relation to country size.
		Naturally a list such as this is designed to be subjective so there is room for disagreement as to its accuracy (or inaccuracy).
		NOTE: Nuclear weapons, past and current military experience, unit training and equipment quality are not taken into account.
	www.globalfirepower.com (252 words)

	China
		This material is produced by the Monterey Institute's Center for Nonproliferation Studies
		Mission of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations and Other Organizations in Geneva
		Mission of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations (New York)
	www.nti.org /db/china/links.htm (281 words)

	China - Military
		18-22 years of age for compulsory military service, with 24-month service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers); 18-22 years of age for women who meet requirements for specific military jobs (2006)
		Military expenditures - dollar figure - per capita:
		Save $15 on McAfee Security AntiSpyware software and eliminate malicious applications before they can steal your identity.
	www.exxun.com /China/h_ml.html (297 words)

	CHINA / ISRAEL / MILITARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		V-O-A'S ROGER WILKISON REPORTS THERE IS ONE ASPECT OF ISRAEL'S SALES TO CHINA THAT NEITHER GOVERNMENT IS WILLING TO TALK ABOUT.
		NETANYAHU SAYS A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP IS DEVELOPING BETWEEN CHINA AND ISRAEL, SINCE THE TWO COUNTRIES ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN 1992.
		TIES HAVE BLOSSOMED AS CHINA HAS SOUGHT INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY TO SPUR ITS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS.
	www.fas.org /news/china/1998/980528-prc2.htm (168 words)

	The Toy Soldier: Military Bone China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The work of Michael Sutty, England's foremost sculptor of military subjects in bone china is breathtaking.
		Virtually every Royal household boasts at least one Sutty piece and his work is sought after by serious collectors throughout the world.
		This web site has been created by Computing Associates of Monroe County.
	www.the-toy-soldier.com /china.htm (100 words)

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