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Topic: Military of Finland

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	Security and defence policy
		The goal of Finland's defence is to guarantee the country's independence, secure the livelihood of its citizens, prevent Finnish territory from being seized and secure the functioning of the state leadership.
		Finland's military crisis management capacity is developed to meet the crisis management objectives of the European Union and the UN, the primary tool being the NATO Planning and Review Process (PARP).
		Finland supports the stability of northern Europe and of the entire continent by maintaining and developing a national defence, which is credible relative to its security environment.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/security.html (1541 words)

	Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Republiken Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bounded by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west.
		The judicial system of Finland is divided between courts with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with responsibility for litigation between the individuals and the administrative organs of the state and the communities.
		The climate in Southern Finland is a northern temperate climate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finland (3475 words)

	Finland HISTORY
		Finland, a province and a grand duchy of the Swedish kingdom from the 1150s to 1809 and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia from 1809 until the Russian Revolution in 1917, has been an independent republic since 1917.
		Finland was a battleground between the Swedes and Russia, whose encroachments on southeastern Sweden were persistent as Swedish power declined in the 18th century.
		Finland's postwar policy, based on the Paasikivi Line named for the president that formulated the policy, has been termed dismissively as "Finlandization." It is true that Finland maintained a scrupulous and cautious policy of neutrality in foreign affairs.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Finland-HISTORY.html (1628 words)

	Finnish Defence Forces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Finnish Defence Forces are under the command of the Chief of Defence, who is directly subordinate to the President of the Republic in matters related to the military command.
		The Guard of Finland fought alongside the imperial army in several of Russias wars.
		Finland has taken part in UN peacekeeping operations since 1956, resulting in total of 43,000 Finnish peacekeepers during that time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Finland (934 words)

	Finland
		Finland is bounded by the Baltic Sea with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west.
		Finland joined the European Union in 1995, where it is an advocate of federalism contrary to the other Nordic countries that are predominantly supportive of confederalism.
		The climate in Southern Finland is a northern temperate climate.
	www.wikipediaondvd.com /nav/art/b/1.html (9553 words)

	Military of Finland Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Finnish languageFinnish: ''Suomen tasavalta'', Finland-SwedishSwedish: ''Republiken Finland'') is a Nordic countriesNordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west.
		The beginning of Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden is traditionally connected with the year 1154 and the alleged christianizationintroduction of Christianity by Sweden's Eric IX of SwedenKing Erik.
		In 1808, Finland was conquered by the armies of Alexander I of RussiaRussian Emperor Alexander I and thereafter remained an autonomous Grand duchyGrand Duchy in personal union with the Russian Empire until the end of 1917.
	www.echostatic.com /Military_of_Finland.html (3493 words)

	Finland (10/07)
		Finland and the U.S.S.R. signed a peace treaty at Paris in February 1947 limiting the size of Finland's defense forces and providing for the cession to the Soviet Union of the Petsamo area on the Arctic coast, the Karelian Isthmus in southeastern Finland, and other territory along the former eastern border.
		Finland is well represented in the UN civil service in proportion to its population and belongs to several of its specialized and related agencies.
		Finland is an active participant in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and in early 1995 assumed the co-chairmanship of the OSCE's Minsk Group on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3238.htm (3671 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Military of Finland
		Finland's defense forces consist of 34,700 persons in uniform (27,300 army; 3,000 navy; and 4,400 air force); the country's defense budget equals about 2% of GDP.
		Military doctrine: Self-defensive; independent defense of all of domestic territory; NATO Partnership for Peace affiliate; committed to pan-European (incl.
		Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2% (FY98)
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/mi/Military_of_Finland (230 words)

	Transatlantic relations and military non-alliance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simultaneously, traditional military threats against territorial integrity have continued to diminish for the large majority of states, although the arrangements established for openness in defence policies, armaments procurement projects and military activities and the assessment of defensive-offensive capabilities remain on the security agenda for all responsible and competent actors.
		The use of military means by states and international institutions for such missions as peacekeeping, peace-enforcement and humanitarian intervention is embedded within cooperative security management across the entire conflict cycle that entails also early warning and conflict prevention as well as post-conflict reconstruction and rehabilitation, with military coercion constituting a disputed borderline case.
		In Finland, the main factor in assessing the benefits of membership remains the deterrent effect of the security guarantee and the assurance of assistance, even if its credibility may be questioned against the lessons learnt from history, although the influence argument is gaining ground as the reason referred to most often in the elite discussion.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/mottola.html (7934 words)

	Wikinfo \| Finland (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Republic of Finland (Suomen Tasavalta in Finnish, Republiken Finland in Swedish) is a Nordic country, bound by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, bordering Sweden, Norway and Russia (sea border with Estonia).
		Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden began in 1154 with the introduction of Christianity by Sweden's King Erik.
		In 1808, Finland was conquered by the armies of Czar Alexander I and thereafter remained an autonomous Grand Duchy in personal union with the Russian Empire until the end of 1917.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Finland (1315 words)

	Finland (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west.
		Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden is traditionally connected with the year 1154 and the alleged introduction of Christianity by Sweden's King Erik.
		Finland was free to follow her own course and joined the European Union in 1995.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/fi/Finland.htm (2241 words)

	C.G.E.Mannerheim, the Marshal of Finland — Virtual Finland
		He was able to lead Finland out of the war as the sole country on the losing side that was not occupied by foreign troops.
		The people of Finland have shown in two wars that a united nation, small though it may be, can develop unprecedented fighting power and thus withstand the most formidable ordeals that destiny brings.
		The monument in the military burial ground of Hietaniemi cemetery was sculpted by Väinö Aaltonen and unveiled in 1953.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/mannerheim.html (1271 words)

	HISTORICAL
		Finland had been raised to the status of a grand duchy whose duke was John, the son of Gustavus Wasa.
		In the 1820's the normative composition of Finnish military bands was 2 piccolos, 2 flutes, 1 Eb clarinet, 2 B clarinets, 1 basset-horn in F, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 Es trumpets, 2 trombones, 1 tambourin, 1 triangle, 1 side drum and 1 bass drum.
		After completing their military service the discharged conscript musicians played in the various civilian bands, as popular education was thriving with the establishment of various bodies for universal benefit.
	www.worldmilitarybands.com /finland.html (1733 words)

	AllRefer.com - Finland - The Cold War and the Treaty of 1948 \| Finnish Information Resource
		By late 1944, Finland's previous policy of antagonism to the Soviet Union had been shown to be counterproductive, because it had nearly led to Finland's extinction as an independent state.
		The first test of Finland's new policy of reconciliation was thus to observe faithfully the treaty with the Soviets, including the punctual payment of reparations and the establishment of war crimes trials.
		Finland's growing integration into the world economy was demonstrated by its joining the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT--see Glossary) in 1949.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/finland/finland32.html (1863 words)

	Sitemap — Virtual Finland
		Independent since 1917 and now a member of the European Union, Finland was part of the Swedish realm for some 600 years up to 1809 and then attached to the Russian empire for just over a century.
		Considering that Finland has developed from an agrarian outpost to its present position as a beacon of high technology, the economy is quite a success story.
		Finland may be a post-industrial, go-ahead, knowledge-based society but where both the natural and built-up environments are concerned there is also tradition and continuity, as our picture book shows.
	virtual.finland.fi /Sitemap (409 words)

	FINLAND 1918-20
		When Finland broke away from Russia in 1918 it was first assumed that the country would become a kingdom, probably with a German prince on the throne.
		The white and blue national flag of Finland was adopted in 1918, its colors (symbolizing the country's numerous lakes and the snows that cover the land for much of the year) being suggested by the poet Sakari Topelius.
		Finland's ancient national symbol, the gold lion on a field of red, was retained as the national coat of arms, and it figured in the design of several of the flags that were adopted between 1918 and 1920.
	tmg110.tripod.com /finland1.htm (366 words)

	Finland - Gurupedia
		Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, and has land frontiers with Sweden, Norway and Russia and a maritime border with Estonia.
		Conclusive archaeological evidence exists that the area now comprising Finland was settled during the Stone Age, as the inland ice of the last ice age receded.
		The climate in Southern Finland is a northern
	www.gurupedia.com /f/fi/finland.htm (1740 words)

	ipedia.com: Finland Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Republic of Finland is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bounded by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, and has land f...
		The Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomi, Swedish: Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bounded by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, and has land frontiers with Sweden, Norway and Russia and a maritime border with Estonia.
		Conclusive archaeological evidence exists that the area now comprising Finland was settled 8.000 B.C, during the Stone Age, as the inland ice of the last ice age receded.
	www.ipedia.com /finland_1.html (2287 words)

	AllRefer.com - Finland - Military Heritage \| Finnish Information Resource
		The first indigenous Finnish military elements of three light infantry regiments were raised at the time of Napoleon's eastward drive in 1812, but during most of the nineteenth century, the only Finnish military force was a guards battalion paid for by the tsar.
		Nevertheless, the Russians dissolved the militia, the military academy, and the guards battalion.
		The Finnish Military Academy was reactivated in 1919, and during the 1920s a reserve officers' school was formed, together with NCO schools for various branches and arms of the service.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/finland/finland163.html (1607 words)

	Finland Debates Its Ties With NATO - Worldpress.org
		The latest discussion on NATO is a result of Finland's participation in two European battle groups, and the question of how that might affect the country's traditional military non-alignment.
		Finland joined two units — one together with Germany and the Netherlands (it will be on duty for the first time in early 2007), the other, together with its "Nordic brethren," Sweden, Norway and Estonia (which will be active in the course of 2008).
		Four of Finland's five partners are members of NATO, and the NATO Response Force (N.R.F.), which was initiated by American Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld in September 2002, will be providing all training facilities.
	www.worldpress.org /Europe/2279.cfm (1477 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Jurisprudence - Finland
		Once the person liable for military service has reached the age of 28, the passport is generally granted for a shorter period of time, so that by the age of 30, he must perform his military service.
		Thus, if the author arrives in Finland, he may be subjected to a preliminary enquiry as a result of his non-appearance in the military call-up, be disciplined for the offence and immediately called to service.
		The State party further notes that the author did not show that his liability for military service did not constitute a bar to the issuing of a passport, and that there were no changes in his situation that would have warranted another conclusion.
	www.unhchr.ch /tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/867678b981006a1180256724005a80fb?Opendocument (3041 words)

	Finland military
		Surf www.finland-discovered.com and discover finland military as well as supplementary comprehensive experience relevant to Finland and finland military and surely one must not ignore places of interest from population of finland, teliasonera finland, Finland warehouses for sale, and at viviscal in finland we can likely discover knowledge common to finland military.
		Additionally, www.finland-discovered.com would Clue you in about finland military and the whole location in the region of Finland and finland military.
		Finland images are licensed from World66.com under, and are hereby subject to, the Creative Commons License.
	www.finland-discovered.com /Dances-Finland/finland-military.html (159 words)

	Sitemap — Virtual Finland
		Independent since 1917 and now a member of the European Union, Finland was part of the Swedish realm for some 600 years up to 1809 and then attached to the Russian empire for just over a century.
		Considering that Finland has developed from an agrarian outpost to its present position as a beacon of high technology, the economy is quite a success story.
		Finland may be a post-industrial, go-ahead, knowledge-based society but where both the natural and built-up environments are concerned there is also tradition and continuity, as our picture book shows.
	newsroom.finland.fi /Sitemap (409 words)

	Military Of Finland
		If you would like to use this flag of Finland or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this map of Finland or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this information for Finland or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/finland_country_military.shtml (183 words)

	The Russo-Swedish War of 1808-09
		The Swedish military in Finland relied upon fort Sveaborg (outside Helsinki), considered to be one of the strongest fortifications in Europe at the time.
		As the Russians marched into the southern parts of Finland the Fenno-Swedish army was being mobilized but the commander of the army, Klingspor, favoured the plan of retreating north, leaving the fort at Sveaborg to keep up the resistance in the southern parts of the country.
		After the defeat in Finland, Swedish king Gustav IV was overthrown and had to leave Sweden.
	www.napoleon-series.org /military/battles/c_finland.html (1124 words)

	Finland Intelligence Agencies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Finland has a military and a civilian intelligence service.
		It is responsible for ensuring the territorial integrity of the country and to that end it monitors the national territory, in cooperation with other authorities, by land, sea and air.
		The Central function areas of the Finnish Security Police are a) to avert espionage and illegal reconnaissance activities against Finland, b) to avert activities which might endanger interior security of Finland and international relations, c) to act against terrorism, d) security guarding and e) preventive work for security.
	fas.org /irp/world/finland (222 words)

	EMIRE: FINLAND - MILITARY SERVICE
		Finland's system of national defence is based on the fact that every male citizen is liable for compulsory military service.
		There is an obligation on employers to reinstate former employees returning from periods of military service in their previous job or an equivalent one.
		However, in order to claim the protection of this special right to return those performing compulsory military service must inform their employer within a week of their departure that they intend to resume the employment relationship.
	www.eurofound.eu.int /emire/FINLAND/ANCHOR-ASEVELVOLLISUUSV-Auml-RNPLIKT-FI.html (354 words)

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