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Topic: Military of Laos

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	Laos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lao People's Democratic Republic is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (commonly known in the West as Burma) and the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west.
		The early history of Laos was dominated by the wider Nanzhao kingdom, which was succeeded in the 14th century by the local kingdom of Lan Xang that lasted until its decline in the 18th century, after which Thailand assumed control of the separate principalities that remained.
		Laos is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia and the thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,817 m, with some plains and plateaus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laos (1578 words)

	Laos: Military atrocities against Hmong children are war crimes - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Lao authorities must, as a matter of utmost urgency, permit UN agencies and independent monitors unfettered access to those rebels who are recently reported to have ‘surrendered’.
		Following the creation of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic in 1975 and the fall of the former regime, as many as a third of the Hmong ethnic minority are believed to have fled the country.
		It is known that several of approximately 20 rebel groups with their families are surrounded by Lao military and prevented from foraging for food that they traditionally rely on to survive.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engasa260042004 (696 words)

	Background Notes: Laos
		Laos is a poor, landlocked country with a real per capita GDP of less than $170, a grossly inadequate economic infra-structure, and a largely uneducated workforce.
		Lao authorities began to realize as early as 1979 that their economic policies were inappropriate, but not until 1985, with the introduction of the "new economic mechanism" (NEM), did they initiate major reforms.
		Laos has been close to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and is an observer at the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, the Soviet-bloc economic organization.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eap/laos9103.html (2315 words)

	Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is also a romanised form of the word Laos in the Lao language (ລາວ).
		Laos' early history was dominated by the wider Nanzhao kingdom, which was succeded in the 14th century by the local kingdom of Lan Xang that lasted until its decline in the 18th century, after which Thailand assumed control of the separate principalities that remained.
		The term Laotian does not necessarily refer to the ethnic Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs, but is more a political term that also includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/la/Laos.htm (1000 words)

	Laos 1957-1973 KH
		In addition to its demand for inclusion in the coalition government, the Pathet Lao had called for diplomatic relations with the countries of the Soviet bloc and the acceptance of aid from them, as was already the case with Western nations.
		The Pathet Lao were the only sizable group in the country serious about social change, a characteristic which of course tends to induce Washington officials to apply the communist label.
		For the first time they were taught pride in their country and people, instead of admiration for a foreign culture; schooling and massive adult literacy campaigns were conducted in Laotian instead of French; and mild but thorough social revolution-ranging from land reform to greater equality for women-was instituted.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Blum/Laos_KH.html (1866 words)

	Laos - Thailand
		An alarming patrol boat shooting incident occurred in 1980, but this brief encounter was overshadowed by the border disputes and military clashes of 1984 and 1987 in Xaignabouri Province west of the Mekong.
		An irony of this process of reacquaintance was the dropping from the Politburo in 1992 of Army Chief of Staff General Sisavat Keobounphan, who had dealt closely and effectively with the Thai military command in restoring neighborly relations but who apparently was considered by his party colleagues to have indulged in personal gains.
		The threat of a return of Vietnamese troops remains as a cautionary note to the Thai military, who prefer to keep Laos as a buffer rather than the military line of contact with the Vietnamese.
	countrystudies.us /laos/98.htm (680 words)

	The Hmong Tragedy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Laos was officially neutral as the Vietnam War broke out, and the US had signed an international agreement, the Geneva Accords, intended to keep Laos neutral and prevent fighting there.
		Most Americans thought that Laos was not part of the Vietnam War, but Laos played a critical role, especially since supplies from North Vietnam to its warring troops primarily moved along the Ho Chi Minh trail that passed through Laos.
		By 1975, Laos had fallen completely into Communist hands, and the lives of all Hmong people who helped fight the Communists were in jeopardy.
	www.jefflindsay.com /hmong.shtml (1889 words)

	Laos - The Secret War
		It did not involve Laos in a military alliance, and there were no United States military bases or ground troops in Laos.
		United States pilots killed or captured in Laos often were officially described as lost "in Southeast Asia." CIA advisers assisted the guerrilla units of General Vang Pao's Hmong army, which, along with irregular forces in the south, was supplied with rice, arms, and pay by CIA operatives based at Udon Thani in Thailand.
		Because of the large areas contested, even North Vietnamese regular divisions in Laos, such as the 316th, were used in small-unit engagements during the dry season to deny control of territory and population to the other side.
	countrystudies.us /laos/34.htm (870 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Laos there were several types, ranging from the freebooting soldier of fortune superpatriot out to stop communism to the old war-horses who have been discarded by the services but still longed for the thrill of flying in combat.
		Furthermore, the Pathet Lao, although far from being supermen (many were boys and girls still in early puberty) were tough—sturdy enough to trek all day through the bush without sandals, thrive in the jungle that almost killed Dengler, and live on rations only a little better than those given their captives.
		After the mea culpas on the Indochina War are finally completed, military officers ought to remember that special operations like those so integral to the conduct of the war in Laos are fundamental to a world where military and political aims are often indistinguishable.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1981/jan-feb/tilford.htm (1624 words)

	Military Of Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		If you would like to use this flag of Laos or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this map of Laos or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this information for Laos or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/laos_country_military.shtml (185 words)

	"U.S. POW/MIA Delegation Leads Talks in Laos" - The Military Family Network
		He stated that he considered the U.S. and Laos to be one team with the same vision, working to carry out the same mission.
		The discussion began a two-day visit to assess Lao cooperation, address the efforts of the Lao government in an archival research initiative begun last year, and to express appreciation for strategies to help accelerate the accounting efforts in Laos.
		While in Laos, the team spent a day and a half in southern Laos where specialists from the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command are seeking to recover American remains.
	www.emilitary.org /article.php?aid=2396 (429 words)

	U.S. Newswire : Releases : "Joint Military Offensive by Laos, Vietnam Directed..." (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hundreds more Hmong and Laotians were captured or surrendered to military and security forces after suffering repeated air and ground attacks and heavy casualties-as well as from months struggling under a brutal campaign of government-sponsored mass starvation that left many civilians dead, including hundreds of women and children.
		Laos and Vietnam -- in a rapid series of official statements as well as high-level military and diplomatic visits over the last several months-have reasserted their longstanding, mutual commitment to maintain and increase cooperation on military, defense, internal security, intelligence sharing, and economic matters.
		A memorandum of understand was signed earlier this month in the Lao capital of Vietiane by the armed forces of Laos and Vietnam to improve relations and training between the two armies.
	releases.usnewswire.com /GetRelease.asp?id=132-03052004 (392 words)

	A Visit to Laos, by Noam Chomsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Asked whether the Pathet Lao were attempting to build a clandestine organization within Vientiane to exploit such grievances and plan for an ultimate take-over, he said that to his knowledge they were not, but that there was also no necessity to do so.
		In the 1958 elections, of twenty-one seats contested for the National Assembly, nine were won by the Neo Lao Hak Sat (NLHS) and four by the candidates of the Committee for Peace and Neutrality of Quinim Pholsena, a "left-leaning neutralist" allied with the NLHS.
		The Pathet Lao tended more to live among the people and recruited peasants from the area, while the intellectuals were, for the most part, with Kong Le and the neutralists.
	www.chomsky.info /articles/19700723.htm (14083 words)

	[No title]
		The Pathet Lao were, however, allowed temporary control of two north-eastern provinces, Sam Neua and Phong Saly, to be used for regrouping its forces, pending its integration with the RLG through general elections.
		A Lao delegation with representatives from all three factions was sent to Geneva in July 1962 to attend another International conference on the cease-fire and neutralism in Laos.
		Although the North Vietnamese Ambassador to Laos had talks with the Lao King and the Prime Minister, further attempts to arrive at a peaceful settlement of the Lao conflict were dimmed by the escalation of military activities.
	www.hmongnet.org /hmong-au/refugee.htm (8394 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Search begins for Laos gunmen
		Military patrols in Laos are searching for a group of armed gunmen who killed at least 10 people - two of them Westerners - during a bus attack on Thursday.
		A spokesman for the Lao foreign ministry said soldiers had been deployed to "scour the countryside" and find the bandits.
		There are reports that the local hospital is not coping well with the number of casualties, with bed space and medical staff in short supply.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/asia-pacific/2735667.stm (454 words)

	Military of Laos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Military branches: Lao People's Army (LPA; includes militia element), Lao People's Navy (LPN; includes riverine element), Air Force, National Police Department
		Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
		Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 4.2% (FY96/97)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Laos (80 words)

	Moïse's Bibliography: Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Judy Rantala arrived in Laos at the beginning of 1971 as the wife of a USAID employee.
		General Soutchay had commanded Military Region 4 (the southern part of the Panhandle) from July 1971 until his departure from Laos in June 1975.
		Weldon was in Laos from 1963 to 1974.
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~eemoise/laos.html (3192 words)

	LAOS : The Secret War
		Situations inside Laos worsened in intensity during the late 1950's and early 1960's when The Soviet Union and Red China sought to establish worldwide Communism by stimulating anti-government revolution in nations around the world, where weapons, warfare training and other support was provided to fuel rebellion.
		The Kingdom of Laos was being attacked and villages invaded, leaving dead and mutilated civilians as the communists expanded their historic intrusions into Laos territory, while better armed than ever before.
		Then twenty-two (22) YEARS after America 'officially' abandoned Laos, the Hmong were honored for the 'first time' by our Congressmen during a ceremony on 14 May 1997 at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, where some 3,000 Hmong gathered with representatives from the USAF, CIA and friends.
	www.angelfire.com /in/Laos (4662 words)

	Laos - Facts
		Laos was under the control of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century when it became part of French Indochina.
		In 1975, the Communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy.
		Initial closer ties to Vietnam and socialization were replaced with a gradual return to private enterprise, a liberalization of foreign investment laws, and the admission into ASEAN in 1997.
	www.aneki.com /facts/Laos.html (798 words)

	About Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao (or familiar shorter local expression SOPOPOLAO) is a landlocked country in southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (commonly known in the west as Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west.
		The term Lao is most frequently used to refer to the dominant ethnic group, to the language and to people of Laos.
		It is also a romanised form of the word Laos in the Lao language, the Thai language, and probably other Tai languages.
	www.asia-handicrafts.com /about-laos/about-laos.htm (216 words)

	Laos 2003 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age (2003 est.)
		Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,411,042 (2003 est.)
		Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 4.2% (FY96)
	www.theodora.com /wfb2003/laos/laos_military.html (114 words)

	Military of Laos -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Military of Laos -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Lao People's Army (LPA; includes militia element), Lao People's Navy (LPN; includes riverine element), Air Force, National Police Department
		(A mountainous landlocked communist state in southeastern Asia; achieved independence from France in 1949) Laos
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mi/military_of_laos.htm (43 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [KHAMTAI Siphadon, party president]; other parties proscribed
		The government of Laos - one of the few remaining official Communist states - began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986.
		Despite this high growth rate, Laos remains a country with a primitive infrastructure; it has no railroads, a rudimentary road system, and limited external and internal telecommunications.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/la.html (1053 words)

	Five children tortured and killed by military in Laos: Amnesty
		Small bands of ethnic minority rebels, predominantly Hmong, are a hangover from the CIA-sponsored guerrilla army mobilized to wage Washington's secret campaign in Laos during the Vietnam War.
		The Lao military has been accused by human rights groups of using heavy-handed and often brutal tactics to eliminate the rebels.
		The Amnesty statement quoted a witness who has subsequently fled Laos as saying one girl was shot in each breast and that another girl was disembowelled.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040914032850.coc6md5a.html (697 words)

	Laos Military 1998 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Laos Military 1998 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
		Military expenditures - dollar figure $105 million (FY92/93)
		Military expenditures - percent of GDP 8.1% (FY92/93)
	www.greekorthodoxchurch.org /wfb1998/laos/laos_military.html (98 words)

	Laos - Military
		Lao People's Army (LPA; includes Riverine Force), Air Force
		Military expenditures - dollar figure - per capita:
		This page was last updated on 26 October, 2005
	www.exxun.com /Laos/h_ml.html (288 words)

	GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Asia - Laos - Military Facts and Figures
		GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Asia - Laos - Military Facts and Figures
		World > Asia > Laos > Military (Facts)
		For comments and feedback, write to us at info@GeographyIQ.com.
	www.geographyiq.com /countries/la/Laos_military.htm (111 words)

	AllRefer.com - Laos: Military (laos-adj Military) : Military Branches, Expenditure, and more.
		AllRefer.com - Laos: Military (laos-adj Military) : Military Branches, Expenditure, and more.
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		Lao People's Army (LPA; including Riverine Force), Air Force, National Police Department
	reference.allrefer.com /world/countries/laos/military.html (102 words)

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