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Topic: Military of Mali

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	A History of Ancient Mali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		To the north, Mali occupied the upper portions of the Sahara.
		To the south, Mali extended down the Niger River past the city of Djenne, which is located on marshy land in the middle of the Niger River, it is referred to as an island.
		The religion and culture of the kingdom of Ancient Mali was a mix of the newer Islamic faith and traditional African practices.
	shakti.trincoll.edu /~aweiss/mali.htm (1425 words)

	Republic of Mali
		Situated on the north-west of Africa, Mali is a locked between Algeria on the north-east, Niger on the south-east, Burkina Fasso, Ivory Coast and Guinea on the south, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west.
		Mali today is a multi-party republic with a presidential régime based on the new constitution adopted by referendum on January 1992.
		Mali remains one the poorest countries in the world and continued to slide in poverty between 1985 and 1993 with an average annual negative growth of 1% and a gross external debt equal to or greater than its GDP.
	www.ciesin.org /decentralization/English/CaseStudies/MALI.html (1266 words)

	afrol News - Poverty-ridden Mali increases military and police budget
		During 2003, Mali is to be staffed with 1000 new national guards, 700 extra police officers, 500 gendarmes and 160 civil protection agents, the country's President recently announced in a speech.
		Military quarters were to be improved and there were to be constructed 1000 new "social housing units" for military employees.
		Mali further is one of the poorest countries of Africa, with few natural resources and almost two thirds of the population living in absolute poverty.
	www.afrol.com /News2003/mal002_security.htm (498 words)

	Mali: Geography and History
		Much of what we know of Mali’s past comes from oral histories passed down from one generation to the next by griots, or bards, whose profession it is to memorize and recite events of the past.
		Mali, which dated from the early thirteenth century to the late fifteenth century, rose to greatness under the leadership of a legendary king named Sundiata.
		The rulers of Mali came to be called Mansa; meaning “emperor,” or “master.” Mansa Musa (1307-1332) became the most accomplished and famous of all the emperors of Mali.
	www.vmfa.state.va.us /mali_geo_hist.html (3215 words)

	Mali
		Mali is the cultural heir to many ancient African empires-Ghana, Malinke, and Songhai-that occupied the West African Savanna.
		In April 1959 Mali merged with Senegal to form the Federation of Mali, which became independent on June 20, 1960.
		The Republic of Mali was proclaimed on September 22, 1960.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Mali.html (324 words)

	A Glimpse of the World: Miracle in Mali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Mali, along with the rest of the region, had been wracked by drought in the late 1970s and again in the mid-1980s, and the government was making a serious effort to improve an economy dominated by peasant agriculture.
		Mali’s electoral track record since 1991 has been just messy enough to suggest that the country’s democracy is genuine, not the creation of one strong, quasi-permanent leader in the background, as is the case in a number of other African states.
		Mali has indeed assumed new importance in America’s eyes, not only because it is democratic but also because it is a 90 percent Muslim country in the middle of a rough neighborhood.
	www.howardwfrench.com /archives/2006/07/31/miracle_in_mali (5239 words)

	Mali
		Mali probably gained independence with the breakup of Ghana in the early 12th century.
		After the collapse of ancient Ghana, the kingdom of Mali, ruled by the Keita Dynasty, arose among the Mandinka (Malinke) people in the region of Kangaba, spanning the borders of present-day Mali and Guinea.
		Mali's most famous and powerful king, known as Mansa Musa I, ruled from 1307 to 1337.
	www.ijebu.org /mali (801 words)

	Tuareg former rebels seize military camps in Mali
		Military sources said the attackers were renegade members of a Tuareg group that was active in the first half of the 1990s before being integrated into the west African country's army ranks under a peace deal.
		In Mali, many rebels joined the army under a social and military integration plan but some deserted, dissatisfied with terms offered by a government keen to see people who have long shown little regard for national borders become full citizens of the post-independence states of the region.
		The Malian army has been receiving military training from the United States, which is concerned that the vast areas in the Sahara straddling several borders serve as bases and training areas for armed Islamic extremist movements.
	www.turkishpress.com /news.asp?id=124941 (737 words)

	Democracy, Islam are both thriving in Mali \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		Mali's rare success thus stands as both a hopeful sign and a measure of the task the U.S. faces in seeking to seed democracy in Iraq and Afghanistan.
		Mali, bigger in area than Texas and California combined, with 12 million people, is a hodgepodge of ethnic groups.
		What Mali has going for it, though, is an ancient tradition of getting along, helped immeasurably by recent leaders who embraced the democratic ideal.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20040624/news_1n24mali.html (706 words)

	The Mali connection, by Pierre Abramovici
		In 1996 a medical team of military doctors from the headquarters of the US army’s European command travelled to Mali for an exercise, Medflag, to train local military doctors to deal with medical emergencies.
		US commitment in Mali increased in 1997 with three training exercises: two JCET and the first Flintlock (the aim of which was to increase regional cooperation between forces and the deployment of US units outside the US, coordinated by the 96th Civilian Affairs Battalion in Fort Bragg, North Carolina).
		Mali also received $350,000 as part of the US programme of military financial aid abroad, to train pilots and mechanics for two refurbished DC3 aircraft, purchased by the local airforce from a US company.
	mondediplo.com /2004/07/08mali (410 words)

	Mali
		U.S. Government employees serving in Mali, including those on temporary duty, are required to have approval from the Chief of Mission prior to traveling to areas north of the Niger River.
		Mali's northern regions have become a safe haven for the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC), a terrorist group seeking the overthrow of the Algerian government.
		Americans planning to attend these festivals or otherwise travel to the northern regions of Mali despite this caution are urged to notify the Embassy about their plans by e-mail at consularbamako@state.gov.
	travel.state.gov /travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_962.html (2119 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Mali
		Although swathes of Mali are barren, the country is self-sufficient in food thanks to the fertile Niger river basin in the south and east.
		Mali's economic development is also held back by a chronic foreign trade deficit, making it heavily dependent on foreign aid and the money sent home from emigrants working abroad.
		Mali's broadcast and print media are among the freest in Africa.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1021454.stm (566 words)

	Pan Sahel Initiative (PSI)
		PSI was a State-led effort to assist Mali, Niger, Chad, and Mauritania in detecting and responding to suspicious movement of people and goods across and within their borders through training, equipment and cooperation.
		Accompanying the training and material support will be a program to bring military and civilian officials from the four countries together to encourage greater cooperation and information exchange within and among the governments of the region on counterterrorism and border security issues.
		It is important to have US military trainers to establish the mil-to-mil relationship; to foster cooperation among the militaries, both bilaterally and regionally, and you don’t get as much bang for the buck using contractors, because you don’t establish the mil-to-mil relationship.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/pan-sahel.htm (1175 words)

	Mali: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Mali and Burkina Faso fought a brief border war from Dec. 25 to 29, 1985.
		Mali: Economy - Economy The vast majority of Malians are employed in farming, herding, or fishing.
		Mali: History - History Early History to the End of Colonialism The Mali region has been the seat of extensive...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107759.html (884 words)

	TUAREG
		Because the modern nations of Mali and Niger were not created until their independence from France in 1960, there has not been a long-standing concept of nationality in these countries.
		Desertification is defined by the UN as “the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas.” The cause of the desertification of the semi-arid land in Mali and Niger is a contentious issue.
		Mali and the Tuareg, and groups of non-Tuareg farmers and the Tuareg.
	www.american.edu /ted/ice/tuareg.htm (3330 words)

	Military of Mali - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mali's armed forces number some 7,000 and are under the control of the Minister of Armed Forces and Veterans.
		In the sixties and seventies, Mali's army and air force relied primarily on the Soviet Union for materiel and training.
		Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · Sudan · Swaziland · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Mali (286 words)

	Mali - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mali is also famed for Genuine mudcloth with hand-painted designs using the traditional methods which have been passed down for many centuries.
		Mali • Martinique • Mauritania • Mauritius • Morocco • Niger • Republic of the Congo • Romania • Rwanda • Saint Lucia • São Tomé and Príncipe • Senegal • Seychelles • Saint-Pierre and Miquelon • Switzerland • Togo • Tunisia • Vanuatu • Vietnam
		Mali • Mauritania • Morocco • Mozambique • Niger • Nigeria • Oman • Pakistan • Palestine • Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Somalia • Sudan • Surinam • Syria • Tajikistan • Turkey • Tunisia • Togo • Turkmenistan • Uganda • Uzbekistan • United Arab Emirates • Yemen
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mali (1538 words)

	Carleton Francophone Seminar in Mali
		Location: Located in the center of West Africa, Mali, (formerly called the French Sudan) is dotted with cities such as Segou, Timboctou, Jenne, and Mopti, where the blending of Islam and Black African traditions in the Middle Ages and the rich tradition of cross-cultural exchange have created one of Africa's most inviting and prepossessing cultures.
		French 207-07: French Conversation/Composition (6 credits) Since the official language of Mali is French, this course is aimed at strengthening the ability of the students to discuss, orally and in writing, topics related to life in Mali and in other West African countries.
		Students are expected to pay for their own airfare from the US to Bamako (Mali) and for books, as well as personal expenses of individual travel and incidentals.
	www.carleton.edu /curricular/FREN/mali.htm (682 words)

	Mali information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali), is a landlocked nation in Western Africa.
		Southern Mali is wetter and natural vegetation is increasingly abundant, while northern Mali is arid and desert.
		Mali · Mauritania · Niger · Nigeria · Senegal · Sierra Leone · Togo
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Mali (1576 words)

	1st Bn 10th SFG(A) in Mali - Military Photos
		The initiative is a State Department program in the northern African countries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad designed to enhance border capabilities throughout the region against arms smuggling, drug trafficking, and the movement of trans-national terrorists.
		U.S. military experts have begun training soldiers in Mali to tighten border control on the fringe of the Sahara desert, where Washington fears Islamic militants could be moving along ancient trade routes.
		The Niger military is being trained to locate and kill an enemy based on a coordinates provided by satellite.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=39607 (1935 words)

	Carleton College: French Studies in Mali: Francophone Studies in Mali
		Located in the center of West Africa, Mali, (formerly called the French Soudan) is dotted with cities such as Segou, Timbuktou, Jenne, and Mopti, where the blending of Islam and Black African traditions in the Middle Ages and the rich tradition of cross-cultural exchange have created one of Africa’s most inviting and prepossessing cultures.
		This program is aimed at introducing students to the rich culture and history of Mali as well as its daily existence as one of the most economically challenged countries in the world.
		A native of Mali, he grew up in Bamako, the capital city of Mali, where the Carleton program will be based.
	apps.carleton.edu /curricular/ocs/mali (311 words)

	Mali
		As the historian Adame Konaré Ba explains, the arrival of the French in Mali is very recent considering the very long history of this country.
		A few texts in French can be attributed to French explorers and military of that time, but strictly speaking, literature written in French only dates from 1950, the year that Amadou Hampaté Bâ, one of the best known authors in Mali, published his Peuhle poetry.
		Despite a relative scarcity of literature written by women from Mali, it does however include one of the most important literary works of the region: Aoua Kéita's autobibilography that represents a mine of information on women's political action, as well as the female condition during the colonial period.
	aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au /CountryMaliEN.html (534 words)

	Top20Mali.com - Your Top20 Guide to Mali!
		The Republic of Mali (République du Mali) is a landlocked nation in West Africa.
		Mali was ruled by a series of dictators from independence until 1991.
		Mali's constitution provides for a multi-party democracy, with the only restriction being a prohibition against parties based on ethnic, religious, regional, or gender lines.
	top20mali.com (855 words)

	Mali on the Internet
		Farmers organizations in Bénin, Mali and Burkina Faso are asking that cotton producers in North American and Europe not been given price supports to continue growing cotton in competition with African cotton producers.
		Secrets of the Sahara is a well-written account of efforts by Mali scholars to preserve manuscripts from the 14th century onwards.
		Military Medical Operations in Sub-Saharan Africa: The DoD "Point of the Spear" for a New Century, by Lieutenant Colonel C. William Fox, Jr., June 1997.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/mali.html (5461 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Gunmen seize Mali military bases
		A military source told Reuters, on condition of anonymity, that the assault was carried out by supporters of senior military officer and former rebel, Lieutenant-Colonel Hassan Fagaga, who deserted the army with a group of soldiers in February.
		The US military has been training Malian army units in counter-insurgency warfare due to fears that Islamic extremists might infiltrate the country from Algeria, the BBC reports.
		Kidal is situated on one of the primary smuggling routes across the Sahara desert.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?ID=15968 (316 words)

	Mali Military service age and obligation - Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Mali Military service age and obligation - Military
		Home > Mali > Military > Military service age and obligation
		Definition: This entry gives the minimum age at which an individual may volunteer for military service or be subject to conscription.
	www.indexmundi.com /mali/military_service_age_and_obligation.html (76 words)

	Military Of Mali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		If you would like to use this flag of Mali or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this map of Mali or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this information for Mali or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/mali_country_military.shtml (179 words)

	GlobaLex - Guide to Legal Research in Mali
		The landlocked country of Mali covers an area of 1,241,300 square kilometers.
		Mali's second multiparty national elections took place in May 1997, with President Konaré winning re-election.
		The courts for children rule on the offences committed by the minors, the penal majority being 18 years in Republic of the Mali.
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Mali.htm (3727 words)

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