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Topic: Military of Niger

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	Niger HISTORY
		On 28 September 1958, voters in Niger approved the constitution of the Fifth French Republic, and on 19 December 1958, Niger's Territorial Assembly voted to become an autonomous state, the Republic of the Niger, within the French Community.
		Widespread fighting in the north and military mutinies in February 1992 and July 1993 postponed the elections, but a new constitution was adopted in a December 1992 referendum.
		The military regime suspended political parties and civil liberties, and placed the president, prime minister, and president of the Assembly under house arrest.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Niger-HISTORY.html (1964 words)

	CNN - Slain Niger president buried - April 11, 1999
		DOUMEGA, Niger (CNN) -- Niger's assassinated President was buried Sunday as military rulers reportedly planned to name of their own to lead the West African nation, one of the poorest in the world.
		Top military leaders, government officials, opposition politicians and diplomats from around the region turned out for the funeral of Bare, who was killed Friday morning in a hail of gunfire from some of his own bodyguards.
		The president-elect in neighboring Nigeria, which is undergoing a transformation from military to civilian rule, decried the killing as a military takeover.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/africa/9904/11/niger.01/index.html (731 words)

	Republic of Niger
		Situated in the heart of West Africa, Niger is bordered by Algeria and Libya on the north, Chad on the east, Nigeria on the south, Benin and Burkina Faso on the southwest, and Mali on the west.
		The climate of Niger is hot, and in most areas, dry and annual precipitation hardly reaches 160 mm, During the two or three months of the rainy season (July-September), it reaches 600 mm north of Niamey, in the Sahel region.
		Niger adopted an accompanying policy for the decentralization process through training and organizational support, but it did not have much effect because of the limited role played by the regional and local levels, as well as the local populations and producer organizations, with regard to agricultural services.
	www.ciesin.org /decentralization/English/CaseStudies/niger_e.html (1477 words)

	Military of Niger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Niger's defense budget is modest, accounting for about 6% of government expenditures.
		Approximately 10 French military advisers are in Niger.
		Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · Sudan · Swaziland · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Niger (343 words)

	Niger (04/06)
		As a reflection of Niger’s increasing population, the unicameral legislature was expanded in 2004 to 113 deputies elected for a 5-year term under a majority system of representation.
		Niger's independent judicial system is composed of four higher courts--the Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court, the High Court of Justice, and the Constitutional Court.
		Niger's agricultural and livestock sectors are the mainstay of all but 18% of the population.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm (4241 words)

	Niger Profile
		Until recently, this part of Niger was considered to be the "useful" part of the country, in contrast with the austere and inhospitable desert areas.
		Niger is situated in one of the sunniest regions of the world, and has a mainly dry climate with considerable temperature variations.
		Niger, at the crossroads between Arab-Berber Africa and Sudan-Sahelian Africa is a crucible where people of diverse origins have lived together for thousands of years.
	www.nigerembassyusa.org /profile.html (4262 words)

	Niger
		Niger began its history as an independent state under the single-party regime of President Hamani Diori.
		During this period Niger was reasonably quiet and stable with the exceptions of a weak economy and scattered ethnic conflicts.
		However, democracy in Niger was short-lived as the government was ousted in a coup led by Colonel Ibrahim Bare Mainassara, who won flawed presidential elections held in 1996 and began to draft a constitution for a Fourth Republic.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/niger.htm (388 words)

	Worldworx Travel - Safety - Africa - Niger
		Niger is a developing, inland African nation whose northern area includes the Sahara Desert.
		Travelers are advised to avoid all restricted military areas and to consult local police authorities regarding their itinerary and security arrangements.
		Niger is the poorest country in the region and roads are generally poorly maintained.
	www.worldworx.tv /safety/africa/niger/index.htm (1309 words)

	Niger
		Niger is beginning a process of consolidating a democratic system and a constitutional government following a period of instability during the last democratic government and coups d'etat in 1996 and 1999.
		There was no action taken in the November 1999 case in which police officials used tear gas to disperse students holding a sit-in in Niamey to press claims for payments of their scholarships; at least 20 students were injured.
		In addition in the case against six military officers who continued to be held at year's end for kidnaping Major Djibrilla (see Section 1.d.), the investigating judge actively investigated charges of torture, although subsequently he was removed from the case.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/af/index.cfm?docid=689 (7034 words)

	Nigeriaworld -- US plans possible military intervention in Niger Delta
		However, it is in the military plan to protect its citizens and those of other western nations like Britain that this resolve has been most evident.
		Although the workshop was "essentially an academic exercise", Fleshman said the issue of military assistance for Nigeria was part of the issues that came up at the workshop.
		According to Fleshman, when he was approached to attend the workshop and play the role of a human rights groups and also the role of the Delta communities he consulted with various human rights activists from the area in Nigeria and also informed Nigerian top diplomats in New York.
	nigeriaworld.com /columnist/laoluakande/121001news.html (1001 words)

	BBC News \| Africa \| Military controls Niger
		The assassinated military leader did organise a series of elections during his period in power, but the results have been consistently rejected by pro-democracy activists as rigged.
		Niamey is built alongside the River Niger and is a key trading centre for this part of the Sahara.
		France has called on the various elements of Niger society "to seek calmly a peaceful and constitutional solution to the crisis that started with the tragic death".
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/316037.stm (549 words)

	Peace Corps \| Learn About Peace Corps \| Where Does Peace Corps Work? \| Africa \| Niger
		Niger is a large country—almost twice the size of Texas—with a very hot and dry climate.
		Niger's harsh climate, geographic isolation, lack of natural resources, environmental degradation, and rapid population growth make it one of the world's poorest countries.
		At independence, Niger became a constitutional democracy, with an elected president and a National Assembly.
	www.peacecorps.gov /index.cfm?shell=learn.wherepc.africa.niger (327 words)

	Mythinglinks/AFRICA/Sub-Sahara: Niger
		Niger is a landlocked sub-Saharan country in Western Africa situated north of Nigeria and Benin, east of Mali, and south of Algeria and Libya, named after the Niger river.
		Niger was an important economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai, Mali, Gao, Kanem, and Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		Niger straddles the Sahel, the unforgiving boundary zone in north-central Africa where the greener climes of the south give way to sandy soil and stunted vegetation and then to the dry silence of the Sahara.
	www.mythinglinks.org /afr~subsahara~Niger.html (7686 words)

	Nigeriens Welcome U.S. Presence, Training Against Terror
		Niger is one of five Saharan countries where U.S. teams are training troops to find and destroy violent extremists looking for safe haven.
		In addition to Niger, U.S. forces are training soldiers in Algeria, Chad, Mali and Mauritania in what it calls Phase Zero operations, in which military and civil ties are formed before a possible crisis or military intervention could occur.
		The southern swath of Niger is peaceful, according to Mahamadou Zety Maiga, governor of Tahoua province.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,SS_061605_Nigeriens,00.html (916 words)

	Niger
		If their international NGO sponsor is without a permanent presence in Niger, the American citizen should verify that their NGO group has informed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at least two weeks prior to the start of a mission in Niger.
		If their NGO is a national NGO, i.e., has a headquarters operation in Niger, the American citizens should verify that their group has informed the Ministry of Territorial and Community Development (Minstre de l’Aménagement du Territoire et du Développement Communautaire) at least two weeks prior to the start of a mission in Niger.
		Niger is the poorest country in the Sahel.
	travel.state.gov /travel/niger.html (2772 words)

	1,000 U.S. Troops Ready to Travel to Africa
		They will be training the Niger troops on how to conduct patrols and wage battles, and to shoot their weapons with efficiency, among other tasks.
		Niger is about three times the size of California, and conditions are normally hot, dry and dusty.
		Team Niger and Flintlock 05 will be the most recent effort by the U.S. military on the road to its desired end-state in Africa — stable, open governments that are effective allies in reducing poverty and fighting terrorism.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,SS_060605_Africa,00.html (985 words)

	CNN - Presidential guardsman to take place of slain Niger leader - April 11, 1999
		NIAMEY, Niger (CNN) -- Shortly after the burial of Niger's slain president Sunday, the government announced that the head of the Presidential Guard unit that witnesses say assassinated Ibrahim Bare Mainassara will become the country's new leader.
		In what amounted to a complete military ouster of the former regime, armed forces spokesman Hamidou Djibrila said Sunday that the military had dissolved the Supreme Court and National Assembly, suspended the constitution, and retired all superior military and police officers, including Djermakoye.
		Among the military brass conspicuously absent from the funeral was Wanke, although dozens of his colleagues attended.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/africa/9904/11/niger.02/index.html (447 words)

	Niger military assassinates president (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Military chiefs linked to the assassination, as well as politicians who were opposed to the former president's rule, met over the weekend and appointed Major Daouda Mallam Wanke as Mainassara 's successor.
		Wanke commands the first military region and the presidential guard and is said to have played a direct part in the assassination.
		Mainassara, with a long history in Niger's army, having participated in a coup in 1974, was appointed as army chief-of-staff in March 1995.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/apr1999/nige-a13.shtml (1140 words)

	Militarization of U.S. Africa Policy, 2000 to 2005
		U.S. military aid program, Foreign Military Financing, doubled from $12 million in fiscal year 2000 to a proposed $24 million in the FY 2006 budget proposal, and the number of recipient nations has grown from one to nine.
		Foreign Military Sales, the largest U.S. arms transfer program, more than quadrupled from fiscal year 2000 to fiscal year 2003 (the most recent year for which full statistics are available), from $9.8 million to $40.3 million.
		Or is it strengthening African military forces at the expense of civil society, to the detriment of democracy and accountability?
	afgen.com /usmilitary_africa.html (1037 words)

	Niger: The right to justice - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		To build its future, Niger needs truth and justice, and clarification of the abuses committed over the last ten years is a test of the country's ability to overcome the assaults of the past.
		Niger is bound, by the international instruments it has ratified, to investigate on abuses of rights and freedoms committed by its security forces.
		Djerma is one of Niger's national languages, it is spoken mostly in the west of the country, particularly in Niamey.
	web.amnesty.org /ai.nsf/Index/AFR430012000 (3823 words)

	European intelligence- Confirmed: Iraq sought Niger Uranium - Military Photos
		Niger officials were also discussing sales to North Korea and China of uranium ore or the "yellow cake" refined from it: the raw materials that can be progressively enriched to make nuclear bombs.
		The raw intelligence on the negotiations included indications that Libya was investing in Niger's uranium industry to prop it up at a time when demand had fallen, and that sales to Iraq were just a part of the clandestine export plan.
		As Niger's other main export is goats, some intelligence officials have surmised uranium was what Mr Sahaf was referring to.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=15711 (3975 words)

	Green Left - Cover Story: Oil giants, military attack Niger delta communities
		While the west is lauding the Nigerian military dictatorship's “transition to democracy”, the regime has launched a campaign of murder and rape to crush an uprising by the peoples of the Niger River delta in the south.
		The women were protesting against the military's killings and the rape of women by troops occupying delta communities.
		The Kaiama Declaration was the culmination of a rising tide of militant opposition to the activities of western oil corporations and outrage at the mounting environmental devastation and the military regime's neglect of the region.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1999/347/19566 (1205 words)

	RIGZONE - Nigerian Military Moves into Niger Delta
		Nigerian military authorities have started to mobilize troops to secure oil facilities located in troubled spots in the oil-rich Niger Delta, a resident of Warri told Dow Jones Newswires Thursday.
		The source said troops are being moved out of the city of Warri, which serves as a military unit created to fight militancy among groups in the region.
		Besides the fortification of oil installations, the source said troops are also being sent to Bayelsa state, the hotbed of the current campaign by militant groups pressing for greater control of oil and gas resources located in the region.
	www.rigzone.com /news/article.asp?a_id=28907 (447 words)

	NIGER Visa Application - Tourist Visas, Business Visas, Expedited Visas - Niger Page
		Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, re-export trade, and increasingly less on uranium, its major export since the 1970s.
		Niger's known coal reserves, with low energy and high ash content, cannot compete against higher quality coal on the world market.
		The CFA franc, the money that Niger shares with several other Central and West African Francophone countries, is fully convertible into French francs.
	www.travisa.com /Niger/nigerportal.htm (439 words)

	Niger Tourism
		Visitors are asked to refrain from photographing the Presidential residence, airports, all administrative and military buildings, and private citizens without their permission.
		Maradi is Niger's third largest town, and peanut capital, with over half of the country's crop grown in the region.
		Formerly the largest city in Niger and briefly the first capital during the French colonial period, and residence of the Sultan of Damagaram.
	www.nigerembassyusa.org /travel.html (1419 words)

	NIGER NEWS NIGERIEN NEWS NIGER CAPITAL NIAMEY \| HavenWorks.com/world/niger capital: Niamey, Republic of Niger, ...
		The information was contained in the National Intelligence Estimate, one of the most closely held CIA analyses of whether Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before the war."...
		Among the suffering are 800,000 children, 160,000 of whom suffer from malnutrition.
		The president is reportedly now in Niger's capital, Niamey, on his way back from Riyadh."...
	havenworks.com /world/niger (1703 words)

	Niger president asks military to 'stop playing games' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		in July does not behove anyone from the military," he told some 30,000 people who had gathered at a stadium in Niamey for celebrations marking Tandja's third year in power.
		The impoverished west African country witnessed a military rebellion in July which was quashed soon after its spread from the south-east to the capital Niamey.
		Tandja, a retired colonel, took power on December 22, 1999, replacing a military government which ruled for eight months after the assassination of president Ibrahim Bare Mainassara.
	www.spacedaily.com /2002/021222182037.8jgansx4.html (157 words)

	Niger 2003 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ...
		Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,379,485 (2003 est.)
		Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 119,367 (2003 est.)
		Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.1% (FY02)
	www.theodora.com /wfb2003/niger/niger_military.html (111 words)

	Niger, Map and Flag
		Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand.
		The IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative.
		Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources.
	www.greatestcities.com /Africa/Niger.html (972 words)

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