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Topic: Military of Romania

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	Romania
		The modern Romania was born when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia merged in 1859, and became independent in 1881.
		Romania reached an agreement with the IMF in August for a US $547 million loan, but release of the second tranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetary spending.
		Romania was invited by the European Union in December 1999 to begin accession negotiations.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ro/RO.html (701 words)

	Romania (09/06)
		Romania's location gives it a continental climate, particularly in Moldavia and Wallachia (geographic areas east of the Carpathians and south of the Transylvanian Alps, respectively) and to a lesser extent in centrally located Transylvania, where the climate is more moderate.
		Romania was an ally of the Entente and the U.S. in World War I, and was granted substantial territories with Romanian populations, notably Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina, after the war.
		Romania is a country of considerable potential: rich agricultural lands; diverse energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, hydro, and nuclear); a substantial, if aging, industrial base encompassing almost the full range of manufacturing activities; an educated, well-trained work force; and opportunities for expanded development in tourism on the Black Sea and in the mountains.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35722.htm (6943 words)

	Contemporary Civil-Military Relations in Romania:
		The communist Russian military was under the subjective control of the communist party leadership. When Marshal Zhukav attempted to lesson the influence of the party in professional military affairs, Khrushchev, in 1957, promptly removed him from his post as the Minister of Defense.
		The strong cohesiveness of a military leads to its effectiveness in intervening in political affairs. Social cohesion in the military requires effective procedures for assimilating new personnel, meaningful authority and sanction systems, allocation of equitable rewards and promotions, and a sense of organizational purpose.
		While the world was growing and advancing greatly, Romania was stuck in a rut. Even basic food items were in short supply and difficult to come by in large numbers. Fuel and power were very scarce. Ceausescu sent the great resources of Romania abroad and left nothing for the Romanians themselves.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/6378/pols422d.html (994 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Romania considers that these schemes of trilateral cooperation are useful mechanisms for building consensus, and flexible instruments for common efforts and projects in areas such as: transport, energy, communications, and fighting organised crime.
		Romania is deeply attached to the Document’s objectives and open to participate in specific activities, in accordance with the respective provisions: maritime cooperation, visits to naval bases, exchange of information in the maritime field, as well as participation in annual naval exercises.
		Romania is participating in the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe and in accordance with its provisions it facilitates the implementation of a new cooperation model with its neighbours.
	www.nato.int /romania/regstatus.htm (3419 words)

	Romania
		Romania’s geographic location ensures the connection of the European landmass to Turkey and the Levant, establishing a strategic junction between the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
		Romania’s foreign and security policy has evolved in a bi-partisan or, more precisely, a pluri-partisan pattern wherein basic international arrangements and commitments remained the same irrespective of the different governments’ political color.
		Romania has participated in all NATO political and military initiatives in South East Europe, and has coordinated a large number of projects in the area of security, diplomacy and internal affairs within the Stability Pact.
	www.roembus.org /english/journal/armata/romanian_digest_06-02.htm (2047 words)

	Romania
		Romania has contributed to the stability of Kosovo and Macedonia through an active role in NATO’s "Amber Fox" mission in Macedonia, in the first Kosovo elections, and in reducing tensions in Southern Serbia.
		Romania is also participating in the multinational peacekeeping force in Afghanistan and has placed an infantry battalion of 400 soldiers and a unit of 46 specialists in anti-nuclear, anti-chemical, and anti-bacteriological warfare at the disposal of the U.S. Enduring Freedom command.
		Romania’s accession to NATO would also provide the alliance with a reliable springboard for air, land, and maritime traffic to Central Asia through its airport and port facilities, which have already proven their utility in the US–led campaign in Afghanistan.
	www.roembus.org /english/journal/armata/hr_17-05-2002.htm (2105 words)

	[No title]
		This new military force structure framework, which is currently being implemented, seeks to ensure Romania’s response to these risks and her effective contribution to the maintenance of stability and peace in its regional area of interest, mainly the Balkan Region.
		A straight way to realize a military of professionals is to apply the new concept of training and operations of the armed forces that consists of two main components: the education and professional development of the personnel in the military education system and the combat training of the military structures.
		Romania’s invitation to join NATO at the Praque Summit in November 2002 has proved that all the progress and improvements made within the military realm were the outcome of implementing a right military strategy stemming from a comprehensive and well-rounded national security strategy.
	www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil /ksil/files/00071.doc (4988 words)

	Military Base in Romania Approved
		BUCHAREST, Romania - U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and her Romanian counterpart signed a historic pact establishing the first American military bases in a former Warsaw Pact country.
		President Traian Basescu, meanwhile, denied allegations that Romania hosted a covert CIA detention center and said all facilities would be open to scrutiny to prove the ex-communist country has nothing to hide.
		Romania, which shook off communism in 1989 after decades of repression under late dictator Nicolae Ceausescu, developed close ties to the United States in its quest for membership in NATO, which it joined in 2003.
	www.military.com /NewsContent/0,13319,82208,00.html?ESRC=eb.nl (750 words)

	Fact Sheet: Romania - Military Deployments Abroad
		Romania's Parliament declared in 2001 that Romanian participation in peacekeeping, humanitarian, and counterterrorism operations was a major goal of Romanian security and defense policy.
		Romania also contributed a military police platoon to the ISAF mission in Kabul.
		Romania also participates in NATO peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Kosovo, as well as the Organization for Security and Corporation in Europe (OSCE) observer mission in Macedonia.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2002/11/20021123-4.html (228 words)

	Romania 'Steadfast' Ally In Anti-Terror War, Rumsfeld Says
		POIANA BRASOV, Romania – Romania is a "stalwart" U.S. partner in the war against global terrorism, Rumsfeld told reporters during meetings in Bucharest after he'd participated in a review of Romanian troops and met with President Ion Iliescu and Defense Minister Mircea Pascu at the presidential palace.
		Romania is a "stalwart" U.S. partner in the war against global terrorism, Rumsfeld told reporters earlier in the day in Bucharest after he'd participated in a review of Romanian troops and met with President Ion Iliescu and Defense Minister Mircea Pascu at the presidential palace.
		Romania and the United States, Iliescu noted, have decided to further develop their relationship on political, diplomatic, economic, military, and cultural levels.
	nyjtimes.com /Stories/2004/RomaniaSteadfastAlly.htm (487 words)

	Romanian Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "army" is used in Romania when referring to the entire military, while "land forces" deal only with the actual army itself.
		According to the Romanian Ministry of Defence, the Romanian Military had at the end of 2006 about 93,600 men and women [2].
		Romanian Gendarmerie (Jandarmeria Română), subordinated to the Ministry of Administration and Interior of Romania
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Romania (516 words)

	Romanian aviation History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Romania has a old and proud aviation history, being one of the few countries in the world to imagine, build and fly various types of aircraft.
		The fall of 1910 was the beginning of the military use of aviation, on the occasion of the royal maneuvers, which put Romania on second place in use of airplane for military purpose, after France.
		Following that, Romania attempted to distance itself from the Soviet Union and ally itself with Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, and the now infamous Ceausescu directed that the country attempt to do business with the West and aviation should be the spearhead of that effort.
	www.outsourceromania.com /aviation.htm (1790 words)

	Window to Romania - Romanian Lebanese News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The military access agreement between Romania and the US that provides for the deployment of American military bases on Romania's soil was ratified on Tuesday by the Romanian Parliament, daily Adevarul reports.
		Romania's national dailies of Thursday give coverage to the nomination of Varujan Vosganian as European commissioner on behalf of Romania more...
		Britain is to announce plans to restrict the access of skilled workers from Romania and Bulgaria on its labor market once the two countries join the European Union on January 1, 2007 more...
	www.windowtoromania.org /rolbnews.asp?hlpcd=4810 (935 words)

	Romania - The Post-Stalin Era
		Romania later refused to allow Warsaw Pact maneuvers on its soil and limited its participation in military maneuvers elsewhere within the alliance.
		Although Romania's unrest proved fragmentary and controllable, Hungary's was not, so in November Moscow mounted a bloody invasion of Hungary.
		Romania's government also took measures to allay domestic discontent by reducing investments in heavy industry, boosting output of consumer goods, decentralizing economic management, hiking wages and incentives, and instituting elements of worker management.
	countrystudies.us /romania/28.htm (652 words)

	NDM Article - Romania’s Mountain Troops Thrive in Rough Environment
		The battalion was dissolved in 1946 and reshaped in 1961.
		However, Romanian officials—working on the restructuring of the military as Romania assumes its new NATO member role—are toying with the concept of creating a SOF component that will draw soldiers from the mountain units.
		Romania still has mandatory conscription, but the country has seen a rise in the numbers of those who want to make a career out of the military.
	www.nationaldefensemagazine.org /issues/2003/Jun/Romanias_Mountain.htm (1661 words)

	Romania drops compulsory military service
		Romania abolished compulsory military service as of Monday and decided members of its armed forces will be only professionals.
		Previously men under the age of 35 were obliged to serve between 6 to 18 months in the military.
		Romania became a NATO full member in 2004 and is scheduled to join the European Union Jan. 1.
	news.webindia123.com /news/articles/World/20061024/487482.html (80 words)

	COMBATSIM.COM: Romania's Forgotten Air Force - Part II
		Since Hitler thought of Romania’s participation in Russia as vital, and German aircraft production had increased without a corresponding increase in trained Luftwaffe pilots, and since Romania had no lack of pilots, German airplanes were sent to Romania in the spring of 1943.
		They were loaned to Romania, with the stipulation that they would be used on the front lines, or they were exchanged for food, oil, or other raw materials.
		All political and military ties with Nazi Germany and other Axis nations were broken and an armistice with the Soviet Union was requested.
	www.combatsim.com /memb123/htm/2001/10/forgaces2 (1726 words)

	Romania
		Romania was a renegade state and was at war with just about all of its neighbors.
		Back in the former times the military of Romania were the biggest business.
		As the plane wove around the military jets on the tarmac, I noticed guards with their machine guns and camels, Yes, there was even a Camel stenciled onto an official looking helicopter.
	www.tjpmd.com /romania.htm (2580 words)

	Military Strategy of Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The military structures which are fully manned and are included in the Main Forces will be trained to carry out combat missions simultaneously with the Rapid Reaction Forces or after a short period of time, determined by the duration of manning up to the war requirements and after a period of intensive combat training.
		The military personnel will be trained in order to maintain the skills required in the use of combat equipment for accomplishing their missions.
		When participating in military operations within multinational groups the engaged troops of Romania's Armed Forces will be organized and conducted in compliance with the rules of engagement and with the agreed common operational plans, under the command of the military authorities established upon agreement.
	english.mapn.ro /milstrategy/trainandop.php (1134 words)

	Romania - Military and Naval Colors Since 1989
		The color of military units is made up of the Aquila, the banner (the canvas of the color), the rod and the accessories.
		The motto "Honor and Homeland" is inscribed on the observe on the prop and the full name of the military unit is inscribed on the reverse.
		They are 18 cm high and have the signs of the military force the unit belongs to inside.
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/ro-mil.html (673 words)

	Military Of Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If you would like to use this flag of Romania or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this map of Romania or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
		If you would like to use this information for Romania or any other on your website you are welcome to do so, all we ask is that you include a link back to our site on the same page.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /country_guides/romania_country_military.shtml (199 words)

	Romania News
		Romania News continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
		Romania has prepared for its role as the European Union's new eastern border by installing a new high-tech security system on its frontier to keep non-EU citizens from entering the bloc it joins in January.
		BBC Europe editor Mark Mardell shadows the leader of the UK Independence Party on a trip to Romania, looking for signs of a softening to his opposition to the country's forthcoming entry into the European...
	www.topix.net /world/romania (639 words)

	Romania Maps from Omni Resources, world leader in map supply.
		Romania Topographic Maps by the Romanian map agency.
		Romania 1:10,000 City Topographic Maps by the Soviet military.
		We can supply soviet military topographic maps in both paper and digital format at the scales of 1:50,000; 1:100,000; and 1:200,000.
	www.omnimap.com /catalog/int/romania/rom-topo.htm (338 words)

	Military Strategy of Romania
		The President of Romania is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and also the Head of the Supreme Council of National Defense - an institution responsible for organizing and coordinating the activities of national defense.
		The Chief of the General Staff, the highest military authority, is the main military adviser to the President, the Supreme Council of National Defense and the Minister of National Defense, being responsible for the military command of the Armed Forces.
		The responsibilities of the military commander are established in peacetime by the General Staff and are approved in a decision made by the National Defense Supreme Council.
	www.mapn.ro /english/milstrategy/C-2.php (847 words)

	Controversies of World War II - General
		As the war drew to an end, the killing of Jews took priority over fighting the war, and trains were diverted from military purposes to transporting Jews to the death camps.
		Hitler's effects on the military were minor for the first few years of the war, and probably favored the German cause.
		He also assumed that all German military formations were at their assigned strength, regardless of how battered they actually were.
	www.visi.com /~thornley/david/military/wwii/contgen.html (2398 words)

	DefenseLINK News: Media Availability with Secretary Cohen and President Constantinescu of Romania
		Romania is also preparing to contribute to the multinational peace force, Southeastern Europe.
		Romania presented its capacity as a pillar of stability in the region and it appreciated the position that whenever the hot situations, as in the case now in Kosovo, efforts must be made for a political settlement.
		Romania has reaffirmed the fact that it is acting as if it were already a NATO member.
	www.fas.org /man/nato/news/1998/t07171998_t0717hon.html (1193 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Military Courts - Romania
		The civilian prosecutor general appointed the military prosecutor with concurrence of the minister of national defense.
		The military Procuratura operated an extensive system of courts, which tried military personnel for violations of the military oath and regulations and held courts-martial for certain offenses.
		Cases brought before military courts were tried in closed session with even less concern for due process and the rights of the accused than was shown in civilian courtrooms.
	www.exploitz.com /Romania-Military-Courts-cg.php (247 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Romania ratifies US military base deal
		According to ISN Security Watch staff in Romania, the senators appended a list of non-binding comments to the agreement in response to public criticism regarding Romania's alleged failure to protect national interests when it agreed to the deal in December last year.
		One of the conditions calls for the US military to first consult with Bucharest before launching any attacks on third countries using the base in Romania.
		Romania and the US signed the agreement in December last year, with visiting US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has described Romanians and Americans as âbrothersâ during the signing ceremony in Bucharest.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?id=16255 (470 words)

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