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Topic: Military of Russia

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Russian presidential election, 2000

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Military of Ecuador

Soviet Army

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Comparative military ranks

	Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces is the President of the Russian Federation, and the Ministry of Defense serves as administrative body of the military.
		The ranks of the Russian military are also open to non-Russian citizens of the Commonwealth of Independent States, of which Russia is the largest member.
		More realistically, the Russian military doctrine, then and now, has called for the reliance on the country's strategic nuclear forces as the primary deterrent against attack by a major power (such as NATO forces or the People's Republic of China).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Russia (1362 words)

	Military Journalism, Russia, New Book
		These military journalists found themselves between a rock and a hard place in the civilian media — by writing the whole truth about "military reform" and "reformers," they ran the risk of angering their military administration, but "loyal" materials would never see the light of day in the civilian press.
		Military information in the independent media is popular, but demand is greatest for scandals — murders, desertions, theft, bribes, etc. In part, this is because today's consumer market for high-quality military information in the country is limited and often uses other sources instead of the open press.
		Russia's officials are not fond of military journalists — not because journalists lack professionalism or curiosity, not because they make simplifications that impair deep analysis, but rather because they show excessive professionalism and seek to understand the essence of the problem instead of limiting themselves to superficial commentary.
	www.cdi.org /russia/military-journalism-contents.cfm (3569 words)

	Military Journalism, Russia
		A strong military, and especially a military popular with the general public, was of no interest to the nation's new government — unlike the numerous, well-equipped and well-financed internal forces, guards and police forces.
		This contributed to the formation of a community of military journalists — reporters and columnists — who are generally independent-minded and prepared to adequately and correctly satisfy the "social demand" of the civil society for coverage of military issues.
		Military journalism for the general reader should be published in publications with large circulations, national or regional, instead of in specialized editions.
	www.cdi.org /russia/military-journalism-final-chapter.cfm (4415 words)

	Military Thought: Russia's military policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Military policy, or a policy pursued in the military area, is a necessary and important element of the general political activities aimed at providing for a state's national security, preventing wars and military conflicts, and strengthening strategic stability.
		Thus, military policy is a component part of the overall state policy, which is directly linked with the creation of the military organization, preparation and use of military means for the attainment of definite political goals.
		Russia regards as its partners the states whose policies do not impair its national interests and security, and are not at variance with the UN Charter and the rules of international law.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JAP/is_5_10/ai_80321753 (873 words)

	Russian Military Cuts - CDI Russia Weekly #276
		One of the sensations, as Russia's Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov unveiled a new military doctrine on 2 October 2003 in Moscow at a conference of the military top brass, was his statement that the Russian army has already adapted itself to new global realities.
		In troop training the Russian military command is now paying more attention to such forms of combat operations as peace operations, including peacekeeping and peace-making, special operations, combating of terror, and a role in local wars.
		Russia's military doctrine specifically calls attention to this complexity and "duality" of the present-day global military-political set-up.
	www.cdi.org /russia/276-6.cfm (1182 words)

	Military of Russia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The number of (A ballistic missile that is capable of traveling from one continent to another) intercontinental ballistic missiles and warheads on active duty has declined over the years, in part in keeping with arms limitation agreements with the USA and in part due to insufficient spending on maintenance.
		The Russian military is divided into the following branches: (A permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state) Ground Forces, (An organization of military naval forces) Navy, (The airborne branch of a country's armed forces) Air Force.
		The Ministry of Defense is in charge of the military, and the (Click link for more info and facts about President of Russia) President of Russia acts as the Supreme Commander.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mi/military_of_russia.htm (1040 words)

	Gendercide Watch: Military Conscription/Impressment
		Russia offers possibly the worst case of abuses and atrocities against conscript troops, though its pursuit of draft "dodgers" is not as savage as some other countries'.
		The Soldiers' Mothers of Russia was founded by Lyubov Lymar "after the body of her son, Oleg, an army sergeant, was found with his tongue cut off." The organization claimed (in 1992) "40,000 cases each year of murders, maimings and suicides of junior military conscripts.
		"Military Conscription".) We support the right of "battle age" men and women to international freedom of movement, and we believe that fleeing conscription should be sufficient grounds for claiming refugee status in any country that is a signatory to the Refugee Convention of 1951.
	www.gendercide.org /case_conscription.html (6434 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Tajikistan, Russia Probe Military Partnership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Russia is pressing to establish a military base in Tajikistan to help prevent the further erosion of its regional influence.
		Russia’s dealings with Tajikistan and other Central Asian nations follow a "specific formula that does not provide for strict compliance with commitments, but is always rich in promise," the commentary said.
		Russia is keen to reverse the current trend, and sees the Tajik base as an important instrument for doing so.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav030404.shtml (1182 words)

	Encyclopedia: Military of Russia
		Mutual assured destruction (MAD) is the doctrine of military strategy in which a full scale use of nuclear weapons by one of two opposing sides would result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender.
		Military district (Russian: вое́нный о́круг (voyenny okrug)) is a territorial association of military units, formations, military schools, and various local military establishments.
		The Ministry of Defense is in charge of the military, and the President of Russia acts as the Supreme Commander.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Military-of-Russia (1257 words)

	Military of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		More realistically, the Russian military doctrine, then and now, has called for the reliance on the country's strategic nuclear forces as the primary deterrent against attack by a major power (i.e.
		Still, Russia maintans the largest nuclear arsenal in the world (USA trailing slightly and China at a large distance).
		The Russia Project: Radio and Online Stories a Decade After the Soviet Union http://www.russiaproject.org/part2/military/ has this report on the struggles facing the Russian military.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /m/mi/military_of_russia.html (640 words)

	Military Draft - CDI Russia Weekly #232
		Russia's decaying conscript army is finding it increasingly difficult to fill its annual draft quotas.
		Around 400,000 young men between the ages of 18 and 27 are drafted each year to serve in one of the country's many branches of the armed forces.
		A leading proponent of military reform, liberal Union of Rightist Forces party leader Boris Nemtsov, said inaction on this issue would be disastrous for the armed forces.
	www.cdi.org /russia/232-13.cfm (946 words)

	Putin hails military ties between Russia, China
		Russia and China are due to conduct their first ever joint military exercises in August or September in what officials to better coordinate the fight against terrorism.
		Russia and China have had tense relations, with the two sides fighting two brief border wars in the 1950s, but the border dispute was resolved last year when Moscow gave up rights to a few small disputed islands.
		Russia remains one of China's top arms suppliers, with a 15-year-old arms embargo in effect from the European Union.
	www.infowars.com /articles/world/russia_putin_hails_military_ties_with_china.htm (310 words)

	Russia launches military satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Russia late Thursday launched a Molnia-M rocket carrying a military communications satellite from its Plesetsk space center in the north of the country, Russian space officials said.
		It is the third launch of a military satellite this year.
		Currently almost three quarters of Russia's military satellites are launched from Baikonur, which is leased by Kazakhstan to Russia for 115 million dollars (100 million euros) a year.
	www.spacewar.com /2003-a/030619215454.euxo1zxu.html (161 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Russia plans military overhaul
		Russia's National Security Council has drafted a policy document on the future of the country's armed forces.
		Russia's declining levels of public health also limit the effectiveness of the armed forces.
		A Russian defence ministry study of the conscript intake from last year said that a third of the potential conscripts had to be excluded on health grounds and more than half of those who were actually sent to units had health limitations on their fitness for service.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/2018721.stm (604 words)

	Military Thought: New Regulations Concerning Performance of Military Service - Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Whereas in the past such a contract was signed with military servicemen for one year, three years or five years, now it can be signed to a term of up to 10 years, but not beyond age 65.
		This enables military officers to serve until age 65, which is especially important for ensuring effective tapping of experienced personnel at military training establishments and military medical establishments and also for social security of military servicemen who have housing problems or who are several years short to qualify for pension.
		Sixth, the Regulations define the procedure for transfer of military servicemen from one unit to another, stressing that such transfer, in the event of appointment to same-level position, is made without consent of military servicemen except for some circumstances concerning their health condition or the health condition of their family members.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JAP/is_6_9/ai_72703603 (1023 words)

	Russia bares its military teeth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He said that Russia faced foreign interference in its internal affairs and instability in neighbouring states as well as classic threats such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism and the drugs trade.
		Mr Ivanov was speaking in Moscow at a conference of the Russian military leadership.
		Russia's new national security doctrine, unveiled last year, allows the use of all possible force, including nuclear weapons, to oppose attacks, if all other methods fail.
	nuclearfree.lynx.co.nz /russia.htm (354 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Military Issues Block Russia-Georgia Detente (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Throughout 2002, Russia accused Georgia of harboring terrorists answerable for crimes in Russia’s war with Chechnya, and Georgia claimed that Russia violated its sovereignty under the guise of antiterrorist operations.
		Russia’s Federal Border-Guard Service warned on December 17 that some 40 fighters of the Chechen warlord Ruslan Gelayev were preparing to infiltrate the Ingushetia region from Georgia’s Pankisi Gorge.
		The maneuvers are to be held in Kaspiisk, in Russia’s southern Dagestan region.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav010603.shtml (1051 words)

	Russia / Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		TITLE=RUSSIA / MILITARY (L) INTRO: Russia's influential Security Council is proposing to end years of military reform debate by slashing 600-thousand positions from the country's three-million-member armed forces during the next five years.
		Russia's Security Council then approved proposals to cut Russia's military by 600-thousand people and to work towards creating a more mobile and better-equipped armed forces.
		Russian news agencies quoted Security Council Secretary Sergey Ivanov as saying the country's military is an "excessive burden for Russia's economy." The Security Council is an advisory body, but its decision is expected to lead to a presidential order to impose the cuts.
	www.fas.org /news/russia/2000/russia-001109b.htm (341 words)

	CNS - Military Exercises In Russia - Feb. 24, 2004 - Research Story
		The key elements of Russia's defense policy were determined by the 2000 Military Doctrine, which was expanded and updated in the 2003 Ministry of Defense document "Immediate Tasks for Development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation," (see CNS report "Russian Ministry of Defense's New Policy Paper: The Nuclear Angle").
		The country-wide movement of armed forces was supposed to test the ability of Russia's railroads to support concentration of troops in case of a conflict that escalated beyond the capabilities of the standing army.[6] Reportedly, new systems of command, control and communications were tested during the exercises.[7]
		This effort led to the demotion of the SRF from a branch of the armed forces equal to the army, the navy, and the air force to a lower status.
	cns.miis.edu /pubs/week/040224.htm (3708 words)

	China, Russia to hold military drill in 2005
		Russia and China agreed Tuesday to hold a joint military exercise next year, the first conducted by the two countries' since a joint naval exercise in 1999, a Chinese delegation visiting Russia told Xinhua in an exclusive press statement.
		Noting that Russia cherishes relations with China, Ivanov expressed a willingness to strengthen bilateral military cooperation within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and make it a key force in maintaining safety and stability in central Asia.
		He pointed out that military relations between Russia and China constitute a key component of the bilateral partnership and the relationship between the two armies is developing on a healthy and stable path.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-07/07/content_346023.htm (377 words)

	MILITARY PARADE
		In 2004, the Russia’s Civil Aviation, Missile and Gun Armament and Armor Materiel and Armament catalogs were published.
		The Military Parade Publishing House issued the book by Mikhail Kalashnikov From a Stranger’s Doorstep to the Kremlin Gates (1997), as well as many others that have aroused a keen interest of our readers.
		Visit the Military Parade Publishing House website to be informed about our new editions and to get access to the news concerning the defense industry achievements in Russia and the CIS countries.
	www.milparade.com (338 words)

	Russia’s Growing Military Preparations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Russia’s intense military preparations became more evident last week with the shocking revelation that Moscow has shifted some of its nuclear weaponry to an area bordering on a NATO member’s territory.
		As Russian military officials have reported, a regiment at the Tatishchevo base in the Saratov oblast was equipped with the Topol-M (Russian for poplar tree) single-warhead missiles.
		At the very same time Russia’s military preparations were taking place, the World Bank approved a $122.5 million loan to Moscow, which is officially earmarked for improvement of water supplies and waste treatment in medium-size cities.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2001/1/11/101921.shtml (1191 words)

	China, Russia plan to hold military drill
		China and Russia are expected to hold a joint military exercise next year, the first conducted by the two countries since a joint naval exercise in 1999.
		The military expert said that as China's image rises on the world stage, its military forces have stepped up their co-operation in non-traditional security fields -- both regionally and internationally -- in recent years.
		Noting that Russia cherishes relations with China, Ivanov expressed a willingness to strengthen bilateral military collaboration within the framework of the Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO).
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-07/08/content_346370.htm (598 words)

	Military Ministry : Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Krasnoyarsk fellowship of the Russian Military Christian Union (RMCU), working with Grace Baptist Church, held a military Bible camp this summer for 25 boys from orphanages and military families.
		The RMCU conducted a five-day regional conference for military Christian leaders in the Transcaucasus region from 4 to 8 September.
		Thirty delegates attended the conference, the primary goal of which was to organize evangelism among the armed forces in the region (which includes Chechnya and features a strong Muslim influence).
	www.milmin.com /international/Russia.htm (314 words)

	Mikhail Pogorely: Russia's New Military Doctrine
		The military doctrines published in 1993 and the slightly modified 2000 version were mostly compiled political propaganda slogans.
		They claimed that Russia "has no enemies anywhere in the world," which made questionable the very existence of Russia's military establishment.
		On the positive side, Russian military analysts point to the doctrine's heavy emphasis on social aspects of the military service, including such sensitive issues as salaries, pensions, living quarters, education and career prospects for Russian servicemen.
	www.nyu.edu /globalbeat/syndicate/pogorely102803.html (644 words)

	Military service in Russia Empire
		As V.Ņikitin /Nikitin/ recalled, the military education and the system of inner life in barracks were based on corporal punishment (mainly birching), but during the lessons of regular education birching was not common.
		One of the main reason to avoid the military service was the attitude to Jews in military units shown by fellow soldiers and officers, and, of course, there were no possibilities of obeying the religious rules in the Army.
		Perhaps the new military regulations were more influential on the development of secular Jewish education, because the service time considerably depended on the education level of conscripts (see below).
	www.roots-saknes.lv /Army/military_service_.htm (5742 words)

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