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	Sao Tome and Principe
		Principe was settled in 1500 under a similar arrangement.
		Sao Tome is 50 kilometers (31 mi.) long and 32 kilometers (20 mi.) wide and the more mountainous of the two islands.
		In April 2000, the IMF approved a poverty reduction and growth facility for Sao Tome aimed at reducing inflation to 3% for 2001, raising ideal growth to 4%, and reducing the fiscal deficit.
	creekin.net /n160-sao-tome-and-principe.html (2130 words)

	Sao Tome and Principe. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		São Tomé and Principe became an overseas province of Portugal in 1951 and received local autonomy in 1973.
		A military coup in 1995 ended peacefully when the president was restored to office and parliament granted the rebel soldiers amnesty.
		In July, 2003, members of the military, complaining of social and economic decline, ousted President Menezes, but an agreement was negotiated that resulted in his return to office.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sa/SaoTomeN.html (663 words)

	History of Sao Tome and Principe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The first successful settlement of Sao Tome was established in 1493 by Alvaro Caminha, who received the land as a grant from the Portuguese crown.
		Sao Tome and Principe were taken over and administered by the Portuguese crown in 1522 and 1573, respectively.
		In 1990, Sao Tome became one of the first African countries to embrace democratic reform, and changes to the constitution--the legalization of opposition political parties--led to elections in 1991 that were nonviolent, free, and transparent.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/saotome.html (664 words)

	Sao Tome and Principe Human Rights Practices, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Title: Sao Tome and Principe Human Rights Practices, 1995 Author: U.S. Department of State Date: March 1996 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE* The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe is a multiparty democracy.
		The Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), which had ruled prior to 1990 as the sole legal party, won a plurality in free and fair legislative elections in 1994 and formed the new Government led by Prime Minister Carlos da Graca.
		The principal human rights problems continued to be an inefficient judicial system, harsh prison conditions, discrimination and violence against women, and outdated plantation labor practices that limit worker rights.
	www.usemb.se /human/human95/saotomep.htm (2081 words)

	Background Notes: Sao Tome and Principe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The first successful settlement of Sao Tome was established in 1493 by Avaro Caminha, who received the land as a grant from the Portuguese crown.
		He declined to run in Sao Tome's first multi-party presidential election, held in March 1991, and was succeeded on April 3, 1991, by Miguel Trovoada, an MLSTP founder who had been exiled after challenging Da Costa's leadership of the party.
		Sao Tome and Principe has diplomatic relations with Western countries, including the US, Portugal, France, and Germany, and with communist countries, such as the Soviet Union and Cuba.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/af/saotome9108.html (2065 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office Country Profiles
		The islands state of Sao Tome and Principe is the smallest country in Africa, after the Seychelles.
		Sao Tome was part of Portugal’s African possessions for 500 years.
		Sao Tome and Principe’s initial post-independence relationships were forged with the Soviet Bloc and Cuba.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1019744986498 (1747 words)

	Corporate Council on Africa: Members
		Sao Tome and Principe President Fradique de Menezes was out of the country at the time of the coup.
		The Corporate Council on Africa (CCA) President Stephen Hayes condemned the coup, stating, "The news of a coup in Sao Tome and Principe is extremely disheartening and discouraging to all those who hope for transition to democracy on the continent of Africa.
		Sao Tome and Principe is an island located in western Africa in the Gulf of Guinea.
	www.africacncl.org /(ybffyau0xza2doeddkt0ni55)/reader.aspx?viewmode=pressrelease&content_id=a5e9c2fa-65bc-4a8d-a747-ac72897be58f (332 words)

	afrika.no - Sao Tome and Principe: Nigeria and UN condemn military coup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Sao Tome and Principe: Nigeria and UN condemn military coup
		Sao Tome and Principe, with a population of about 140,000, is one of Africa's poorest.
		Sao Tome and Principe prospered from the 16th to 19th centuries as a stopping off point on the Atlantic slave trade from Africa to the Americas.
	www.afrika.no /Detailed/3849.html (917 words)

	Coup in Island State With Big Oil Reserves [Sao Tomé and Principé] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Sao Tome and Principe, which gained independence from Portugal in 1975, is one of several poor African countries on the verge of an oil boom.
		Sao Tome, a former Portuguese colony of about 140,000 people, has courted the United States in recent years in the hope of aid and support for offshore oil exploration.
		Sao Tome, a former Portuguese colony of about 140,000 people about 200 miles off Nigeria's southern coast, has courted the United States in recent years in the hope of aid and support for offshore oil exploration.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/947616/posts (3318 words)

	1997 Human Rights Reports: Sao Tome and Principe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe is a multiparty democracy.
		The Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), which had ruled prior to 1990 as the sole legal party, won a plurality in free and fair parliamentary elections in 1994 and holds 6 of 10 seats in the Cabinet.
		A week-long military mutiny in August 1995 was ended by an agreement mediated by the Foreign Minister of Angola, forestalling a threatened overthrow of the Government.
	www.usemb.se /human/human97/saotomep.html (1946 words)

	Coup In Sao Tome - CBS News
		Sporadic gunshots were heard throughout the morning in the capital, Sao Tome, though it was not clear whether the shots were from fighting or were fired into the air as a warning.
		Sao Tome's Foreign Minister Fernando Meira Rita said he had information that the mutineers were army veterans linked to the Christian Democratic Front, a party which has no seats in Parliament.
		Sao Tome and Principe, a former Portuguese colony off the coast of Gabon, has a population of about 140,000 and is one of the world's poorest countries, according to the United Nations.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2003/07/16/world/main563537.shtml (902 words)

	1993 Human Rights Report: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Exile is not used as a punishment in Sao Tome, and all those exiled under the former regime have been given the opportunity to return.
		Traditionally, Sao Tome and Principe has had limited contact with international human rights groups, mainly due to its small population and the absence of allegations of human rights abuses.
		The Angolares principally inhabit the south of Sao Tome Island, making their living through subsistence fishing; the Cape Verdians still mainly work on the cocoa plantations, where they were brought by the Portuguese during colonial times.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /erc/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_africa/SaoTomePrincipe.html (2968 words)

	VOA News Report
		TEXT: The Bush administration has renewed its condemnation of the military action in Sao Tome and Principe, and says it is working diplomatically with African countries and Portugal, among others, in an effort to restore the ousted government of President Fradique de Menezes.
		Our position is based on the fact that there was a freely elected government that was overthrown by elements of the military, there were arrests of officials of a freely elected government by elements in the military and we strongly condemn that.
		We have urged a peaceful and non-violent resolution in Sao Tome, including the release of all hostages, and to allow the elected government to continue to function.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2003/07/mil-030717-21e51e66.htm (414 words)

	CNN - Democracy begins in Sao Tome - Sept. 20, 1995
		Sao Tome's parliament passed a law promising reforms and granting amnesty for all the military men involved in the coup -- a decision some parliament members said they were forced to take.
		Many say the solution is to downsize military troops, and most of all, to find a useful unarmed role for soldiers in economic development, such as building roads, bridges and schools.
		Until that happens, military forces in Sao Tome and elsewhere in Africa will brood in the background, their power a constant threat to new democracies.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9509/sao_tome (550 words)

	Sao Tome and Principe (06/06)
		The Sao Tome and Principe Mission to the United Nations, which also is the Sao Tomean Embassy to the United States, is located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th floor, New York, NY 10022 (tel.
		Sao Tomean relations with other African countries in the region, such as Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, also are good.
		In 1992, the Voice of America (VOA) and the Government of Sao Tome signed a long-term agreement for the establishment of a relay transmitter station in Sao Tome; VOA currently broadcasts to much of Africa from this facility.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5434.htm (3432 words)

	Sao Tome and Principe - Facts about Sao Tome and Principe including map and flag images
		Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food.
		Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who have pledged increased assistance in 2001.
		Sao Tome is also optimistic that substantial petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea.
	www.world-atlas.net /Sao_Tome_and_Principe (1053 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Sao Tome coup spells oil delay
		Sao Tome and Principe is desperately poor, and if the expectations of oil under the Gulf of Guinea prove justified, its development could be kicked into high gear.
		Sao Tome and Principe is a long way from making serious money from oil however, and the coup will set that back still further.
		That does not necessarily mean that people in Sao Tome are looking to position themselves to make the most of the revenues when they start coming.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/3074381.stm (546 words)

	Sao Tome - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		LOCATION and GEOGRAPHY: Sao Tome and Principe are islands located in the Gulf of Guinea off the coast of West Africa.
		The dry season is from June to September and the wet season from October to May. Average annual precipitation varies from 500 mm (197 inches) on the southwest mountain slopes to 1,000 mm (394 inches) on the northern lowlands.
		Average temperature ranges in Sao Tome are from 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) to 31 degrees Celsius (88 degrees Fahrenheit) with the temperature of the interior's higher altitude around 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit).
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/saotome.htm (899 words)

	History
		Following the military coup in Portugal in April 1974, the Portuguese government recognized the right of the islands to independence, although negotiations were delayed until September.
		In March 1995 the first elections to a new seven.member regional assembly and five-member regional government were conducted on Principe, which had been granted local autonomy by the national assembly in 1994.
		In addition, he acknowledged the high level of corruption prevalent in Sao Tome and the rising incidence of crime.
	saotome-principe.tripod.com /history.html (4918 words)

	People's Weekly World - U.S. and West Africa: Strategic shift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		About 150 years ago, Sao Tome was a major transshipment point of enslaved Africans to the western hemisphere.
		As a recent issue of the New Yorker suggests, relations between Sao Tome and Nigeria have deteriorated, notably due to oil, thus the intended U.S. military base is viewed with even more trepidation in Abuja.
		Cote d’Ivoire is reeling from a military revolt, fueled by regional and religious tensions, that has seen the intervention of France, backed by the U.S. Liberia, a state created initially by “African-Americans,” has been unsettled by a growing rebellion that is rapidly gaining strength.
	www.pww.org /article/articleprint/2186 (524 words)

	Timelines Sao Tome and Principe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		An African nation of two volcanic islands straddling the equator in the Gulf of Guinea, 200 miles and 150 miles, respectively, off the coast of the western African nation of Gabon.
		Sao Tome is 30 miles long and 20 miles wide, and Principe about 10 miles long and 4 miles wide.
		1469-1472 The islands of Sao Tome and Principe were discovered by Portuguese navigators and settled by 1500.
	timelines.ws /countries/SAOTOME.HTML (290 words)

	Fred's Place - The Place To Meet Old Coast Guard Shipmates
		The Cutter Bear moored off the coast of Sao Tome and Principe July 20 during a theater security cooperation mission in the Gulf of Guinea.
		Sao Tome is not a deepwater port, so the crew depended on the cutter's small boat and a local water taxi that was contracted for transportation to and from the Bear.
		A member of the Sao Tome and Principe Coast Guard pulls a life ring out of the water during man overboard training with the U.S. Coast Guard off the coast of Sao Tome July 20.
	www.fredsplace.org /images/bear/week10 (1113 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Sao Tome and Principe
		Sao Tome and Principe, once a leading cocoa producer, is poised to profit from the commercial exploitation of large offshore reserves of oil.
		Sao Tome and Principe is trying to shake off its dependence on the cocoa crop.
		A week-long military coup in July 2003 toppled his government, while the president was on a private visit to Nigeria.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1064541.stm (692 words)

	afrol News - Military coup in São Tomé
		The men behind the military coup made their first public appearance this morning on national radio.
		The military junta further announced, within short it was to inform São Toméan citizens of its new leadership, which was to head the country during a "transition period".
		With the military junta's declaration of a "transition period", this however seemed to have failed.
	www.afrol.com /articles/10376 (736 words)

	Obasanjo reveals military pact with Sao Tome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Obasanjo said in a letter to the senate, made available to reporters on Wednesday, that the social, political and economic circumstances seized upon by the mutineers were still present in the tiny state, which has agreed to share the proceeds of any oil found in its offshore waters with Nigeria.
		“Nigeria and Sao Tome and Principe have a pending military agreement, which is yet to be signed,” Obasanjo said in his letter to the Senate.
		Nigeria and Sao Tome and Principe have agreed to share the proceeds of any oil found in an offshore zone where their territorial waters overlap, with 60 percent going to Nigeria and 40 percent to Sao Tome.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=35833 (509 words)

	Equipo Nizkor - Sao Tome Sparks American Military Interest.
		The tiny West African islands of Sao Tome and Principe are interesting to the United States government not only for their oil potential, but also for strategic positioning in the Gulf of Guinea.
		He says it shouldn't be just Sao Tome's president and a few American officials who are aware of what exactly is being planned.
		It is present both at the presidential palace and at his heavily protected estate up in the hills of the main island of Sao Tome.
	www.derechos.org /nizkor/eguinea/doc/tome.html (719 words)

	VOANews.com - US Works to Restore Democracy to Sao Tome and Principe
		The State Department says the United States is working diplomatically to try to restore the democratically elected government in Sao Tome and Principe, where military officers seized power in a coup Wednesday.
		The Bush administration has renewed its condemnation of the military action in Sao Tome and Principe, and says it is working diplomatically with African countries and Portugal, among others, in an effort to restore the ousted government of President Fradique de Menezes.
		Boucher said the Bush administration has not yet made a formal determination that Wednesday's military action was a coup, requiring a cut off of U.S. aid to Sao Tome and Principe, but he said the facts of what happened are evident to all.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2003/07/mil-030717-voa09.htm (424 words)

	Sao Tome e Principe Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		She was very much older than him and I was impressed seeing the relaxed and open way in which he carried on the relationship.
		Sao Tome and Principe is a country where a blend of Latin and Afro macho culture makes it odd to see a young man with an older women - although the opposite is applauded.
		As the officer in charge of international affairs, including regional military exercises, he was awarded a gold medal by the Gabonese military authorities.
	www.stome.com /coupetat/bbc20.html (448 words)

	São Tomé and Príncipe
		In July 2003, a military coup deposed Menezes while he was out of the country.
		Oil money begins to flow in: after years of discussion and delay, the tiny Gulf of Guinea state of Sao Tome and Principe is to receive......
		Offshore oil and gas resources: economics, politics and the rule of law in the Nigeria-Sao tome e Principe joint development zone.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107943.html (707 words)

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