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Topic: Military of Togo

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	Togo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Togo was split between the British and the French by League of Nations mandates after World War I ended in 1918.
		To the north Togo is bound by Burkina Faso.
		The south of Togo is characterized by a plateau which reaches to a coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Togo (1901 words)

	Economy of Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In addition to textiles Togo is an important center for of alcohol cigarettes perfume and used automobiles to neighboring countries.
		Togo made progress under the international financial institutions' programs the late 1980s but movement on reforms with the onset of political instability in 1990.
		Togo also is a member the West African Economic and Monetary Union which groups seven West African countries using CFA franc.
	www.freeglossary.com /Togo/Economy (1289 words)

	Geography of Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Togo lies in Western Africa and is bounded by Ghana Burkina Benin and the Gulf of Guinea.
		Togo is commonly divided into six geographic In the south lie low-lying sandy beaches.
		In the far northwest of Togo lies higher region which is characterized by its granite and gneiss.
	www.freeglossary.com /Togo/Geography (861 words)

	Military of Togo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Military expenditures - dollar figure: $21.9 million (FY01)
		Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.8% (FY01)
		This page was last modified 10:46, 12 February 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Togo (60 words)

	Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Republic of Togo is a small country in West Africa,bordering Ghana in the west, Benin in the eastand Burkina Faso in the north.
		French Togoland became Togo in 1960 after the expiration of the French -administered UNtrusteeship on April 27 of that year.
		The south of Togo ischaracterized by a plateau which reaches to a coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes in the south.
	www.therfcc.org /togo-13674.html (570 words)

	USATODAY.com - Elections promised by Togo's new military-backed leader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		LOME, Togo (AP) — Speaking to cheering supporters from his palace balcony, Togo's new military-backed leader said Saturday he will be a candidate in elections scheduled to take place within two months.
		They demand that Togo allow the speaker of parliament to serve as interim president pending elections, as called for in Togo's constitution before it was changed.
		Togo had banned all political activity immediately after Eyadema's death, saying it wanted to preserve calm for national mourning, but lifted the ban Friday, 1{ months early.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-02-18-togo-elections_x.htm (537 words)

	USATODAY.com - Togo's military-installed president says he will resign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		LOME, Togo (AP) — President Faure Gnassingbe, facing mounting international pressure since the Togo's military installed him as leader three weeks ago, announced late Friday he was stepping down and would seek the presidency in April elections.
		Togo had banned all political activity immediately after Eyadema's death, saying it wanted to preserve calm for national mourning, but lifted the ban last week — 45 days before planned.
		Togo, a former French colony which gained independence in 1960, has an annual per capita income of $270 from an economy based on cocoa, coffee production and mining.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-02-25-togo_x.htm?POE=NEWISVA (742 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Africa / Togo military accused of staging a coup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The military said the lawmaker was out of the country, and it acted to avoid a power vacuum.
		In Togo on Sunday, state TV broadcast continuous Christian hymns and prayers, accompanied by a picture of Eyadema in a dark blue suit and flanked by crosses.
		State television showed military leaders, including army chief of defense staff Gen. Zakari Nandja, swearing allegiance to the late leader's son, who was the minister of mines and communication.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2005/02/06/togo_chief_dies_after_38_years_in_power?mode=PF (943 words)

	Vanguard - Vanguard Comment : Whither Togo? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Events in Togo have introduced a new dimension to the powers of the military in Africa, which many erroneously claim is on the decline.
		Togo has a parliament and a constitution, which provides for the Speaker (Fanbare Tchaba) to act for 60 days, after which a new President would be elected.
		Togo’s Army Chief of Staff, General Zakari Nandja and other generals have sworn to an oath of allegiance to a junior officer, Eyadema’s son and shut the borders to keep Tchaba, who was abroad, out of contention.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/editorial/ed10022005.html (451 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Togo
		AMNESTY International said yesterday that Togo security forces and allied militia fighters have killed at least 150 people since elections in April, and called on France to ensure equipment it gives to the African nation is not used to violate human...
		SECURITY forces in Togo fought pitched battles with machete-wielding youths yesterday in violence which has killed at least 20 people and caused over a thousand to flee since the late ruler's son won a disputed poll.
		TOGO officially mourned its former president yesterday with a funeral attended by regional leaders...
	news.scotsman.com /topics.cfm?tid=1284 (460 words)

	ClassZone.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to Togo's constitution, the interim presidency—rule of the country until elections can be held—would have gone to the speaker of parliament, Fanbare Ouattara Natchaba.
		Togo's parliament quickly passed an amendment to the constitution that allows Gnassingbe to remain president for the rest of his father's term, which ends in 2008.
		Eyadema, his son Gnassingbe, and their political party are all part of Togo's minority Kaybe ethnic group, which controls most of the political and military power in Togo.
	www.classzone.com /currentevents/archives/032005_Elections_in_IraqYYPeru/ce_iss_africa.cfm (754 words)

	1Up Travel > Togo > Travel & Tourism \| Tourist Guide to Togo
		Togo is bounded by Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin, and the Gulf of Guinea.
		Togo's population of 4.6 million people (2000 est.) is composed of about 21 ethnic groups.
		On April 27, 1960, in a smooth transition, Togo severed its constitutional ties with France, shed its UN trusteeship status, and became fully independent under a provisional constitution with Olympio as president.
	www.1uptravel.com /international/africa/togo (2992 words)

	afrol News - Togo to receive Chinese military aid
		Togo has come under increased international pressure lately, due to the dictatorship of President Gnassingbé Eyadema, in power since 1967.
		Fraudulent elections earlier this year caused the European Union (EU) to continue its economic sanctions against Togo, meaning that the Lomé regime is not eligible for EU development aid.
		There have also been cuts in the military aid from the United States this year because Togo has not been willing to sign an agreement that would exempt Americans from possible prosecution at the International Criminal Court for war criminals.
	www.afrol.com /articles/10622 (471 words)

	Togo News - Breaking World Togo News - The New York Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When Togo' s military installed the son of the country' s longtime strongman as president, its neighbors pressured for constitutional rule.
		The protesters took to the streets to express their anger at the military' s installation of the son of the nation' s longtime ruler as president.
		Many residents of Togo' s capital protested the installation of the son of their longtime ruler as president, contrary to the Constitution.
	topics.nytimes.com /top/news/international/countriesandterritories/togo?inline=nyt-geo (534 words)

	"Fowler Report" of the Panel of Experts on Violations of SC Sanctions Against Unita - Global Policy Forum - UN Security ...
		The team was informed that none of the defectors were under arrest or detention, and indeed all of the military defectors stated that they had been accepted into the Armed Forces of Angola at their UNITA rank.
		Savimbi's children in Togo were likewise directly under the protection of the President and the presidential guard, and when they wanted to travel they were required to inform the head of the presidential security forces in advance.
		The "unofficial" UNITA representative in Togo is Joaquim Ernesto Mulato.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/sanction/angola/report.htm (18012 words)

	Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A 2-0 victory over Togo and a 0-0 draw against Angola - despite playing with 10 men for 70 minutes - helped book DR Congo's place in the last eight.
		Togo's soccer coach Stephen Keshi said the early exit from the African Cup of Nations is painful, but they were putting everything behind them and planning for...
		Togoâs Stephen Keshi wants his team to learn from the mistakes made during the African Nations Cup and be better prepared going into this summerâs World...
	www.wikiverse.org /togo (731 words)

	ABC News: Togo Military-Backed Leader Visits Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Armed with sticks and stones and hard-bitten desperation, Togo's opposition movement have waged a 38-year losing battle against the oppressive military regime of President Gnassingbe Eyadema who died from a heart attack Feb. 5.
		Togo's army appointed Faure Gnassingbe as president within hours of his father's death.
		Togo's military announced Gnassingbe's appointment to the presidency on Feb. 5 hours after his father 38-year Togo ruler Gnassingbe Eyadema died of a heart attack.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=507672 (387 words)

	Africast Global Africa Network- News
		It argued that France has had military cooperation with Togo for decades, which continued even after the European Union suspended its cooperation with the African nation in 1993.
		In document it published in 1999, AI observed that France`s technical military assistance to Togo was like a tacit support to former President Gnassigbe Eyadema.
		"Six years later, France is yet to re-evaluate the technical military assistance to Togo and the tasks conferred on French military assistants in the Togolese military staff and other military units seem unchanged," AI stressed.
	news.africast.com /africastv/article.php?newsID=55876 (210 words)

	afrol News - Nigeria considers military action against Togo
		In the Togolese capital, meanwhile, the fronts are hardening as the new ruler continue their crackdown on the media and the opposition promises new protest marches.
		ECOWAS as a block has so far not threatened Togo with military action, but presented the new rulers in Lomé with an ultimatum.
		Togo would be excluded from ECOWAS and sanctions would be imposed if the constitutional was not re-imposed within days.
	www.afrol.com /articles/15625 (830 words)

	Passport Express
		Togo is a small developing country in west Africa.
		In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest.
		The information below concerning Togo is provided for general reference only, and may not be totally accurate in a particular location or circumstance.
	www.passportexpress.com /default.aspx?page=show_visa&action=Togo (1254 words)

	Final Report of the Monitoring Mechanism on Angola Sanctions - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		It also noted the role, until 1997, of countries such as Zaire, and later Togo and Burkina Faso, in the provision of the proper documentation required for the purchase of arms, that is end-user certificates, as well as facilities for the storage and transit of weapons.
		The Mechanism was informed by the Togolese authorities of two instances of military equipment being moved from Gbadolite, in the former Zaire, to Niamtougou, Togo, which occurred, respectively, on 17 and 18 May 1997, on the occasion of the arrival of ex-President Mobutu Sese Seko.
		Despite military advances by the Government of Angola, which have moved UNITA from some mines and made it difficult for the rebels to sustain larger operations, FAA sources identified the diamond-bearing sites that UNITA occupied as of the end of November 2000.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/sanction/angola/0012rprt.htm (19125 words)

	Togo - News - Diastode
		The intervention of West African leaders to force the Togolese military to follow Togo's Constitution was merely the postponement of the inevitable showdown between the 'Gnassigbes' and of the North and the 'Olympios' and of the South.
		November 30, 2001 - Youths from Togo and Benin launched on Thursday in Cotonou an operation known as "Crusade for Revival" whose objective is to combat AIDS in Africa.
		November 16, 2001 - The political situation in Togo, related to difficulties in holding early parliamentary elections, and the recent meeting between President Eyadema and opposition leaders, were the focus of comments by Lome newspapers this week.
	www.diastode.org /Nouvelles/content.html (2081 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » West African leaders set to confront Togo over military power grab
		The armed forces, a pillar of support for Eyadema, opted Saturday to ignore the constitution and install Faure Gnassingbe as the country's new president, a move that was rubber-stamped 24 hours later by the ruling party-dominated legislature.
		Sanctions envisioned by the 15-member ECOWAS could see Togo thrown out of the grouping, and could lead to wider measures by other countries who are waiting to see how ECOWAS and the African Union handle what has been branded a military coup.
		Eighty percent of the military officers share the Kabye ethnicity of the Eyadema family, while fully one half are from his hometown of Pya.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EVIU-69HGN9?OpenDocument (627 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Africa / Togo military-backed leader visits Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Top West African leader President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria pushed Togo's new military-installed leader on Thursday to step aside, telling him democracy was needed in the nation blighted by Africa's longest one-man rule.
		Togo's leader and his top-level delegation flew home immediately afterward without comment.
		Togo's security forces clashed with opposition protesters in the days after Gnassingbe's appointment, killing at least four protesters by Togo officials' count.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2005/02/17/togo_military_backed_leader_go_to_nigeria?mode=PF (407 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest.
		The succession, supported by the military and in contravention of the nation's constitution, was challenged by popular protest and a threat of sanctions from regional leaders.
		Togo is working with donors to write a PRGF that could eventually lead to a debt reduction plan.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/to.html (1238 words)

	General News of Thursday, 10 February 2005
		Following the death of President Eyadema of Togo last Saturday the Army unilaterally declared his son, Faure Gnassigbe president and prevented the parliament speaker, Fanbare Outtarea Natchaba, who was in Ghana and should have constitutionally taken over pending an election, from returning to the country.
		The Senate also called on the ECOWAS Parliament to condemn the situation in Togo and dissociate itself from the development even as it directed the Senate President to write to the Togolese Parliament Speaker, who is currently exiled in Ghana, pledging the Senate's support.
		The lawmakers expressed displeasure that despite existing constitutional provisions on the succession of a Head of State in Togo, the military disregarded the process and got the son of the former president to take over from his late father.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=75035 (1602 words)

	Togo
		British and French forces invaded Togo on 12 August 1914 and the German administration surrendered on 26 August 1914.
		In 1922 Togo was partitioned, the Western part or Togoland was administered by Britain with Gold Coast, the East by France as Togo.
		For a Togo rising from the ashes of colonization, green must convey hope for a better life, dawn of a new era.
	flagspot.net /flags/tg.html (1035 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Profile: Faure Gnassingbe
		Born in 1966 to a mother who hails from Atakpame in central Togo, he was one of Eyadema's many sons; and according to journalist Andrew Manley, seen as the most level-headed.
		He is a relative newcomer to politics, entering the political fray in June 2002, when he won a seat in parliamentary elections as a candidate of the ruling Togo People's Rally (RPT) in Blitta constituency in central Togo.
		Togo votes for first time in 40 years, despite rigging fears and violent protests.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/4242469.stm (602 words)

	Sanctions On Togo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ECOWAS acted in response to Togo's military placing Faure Gnassingbe in power the day after the death of his father, President Gnassingbe Eyadema.
		President Eyadema was an authoritarian ruler installed by the Togolese military in 1967.
		The installation of President Eyadema's son was accomplished through a blatant manipulation of Togo's constitution.
	www.voanews.com /uspolicy/2005-02-24-voa7.cfm (289 words)

	Togo mourns military chief's son who died in French exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Togo mourns military chief's son who died in French exercise
		Togo on Sunday held a funeral with full military honours for the son of the chief of staff of its armed forces, who died of exposure during a military training exercise in the French Alps last week.
		The coffin of 23-year-old Kondi Abdallah Nandja was laid in a huge hangar at Lome airport's military base, covered with the national flag, for the ceremony.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040118192658.bsezwb3r.html (195 words)

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