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Topic: Military of Uruguay

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	Uruguay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is bordered by Brazil to the north, the Uruguay River to the west, the estuary of the Río de la Plata (literally "River of Silver", but commonly known in English as "River Plate") to the southwest, with Argentina on the other bank of both, and finally the South Atlantic Ocean to the southeast.
		Uruguay then experienced a series of elected and appointed presidents and saw conflicts with neighboring states, political and economic fluctuations and modernization, and large inflows of immigrants, mostly from Europe.
		Uruguay's economy is characterised by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending, as well as a developed industrial sector.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uruguay (1863 words)

	Uruguay - GOVERNMENT
		Uruguay's foreign policy has been shaped by its democratic tradition, its history of being a victim of foreign intervention, its status as the second smallest country in South America (after Suriname), and its location between the two rival giants of the region: Argentina to the west and Brazil to the north.
		Uruguay was a signatory of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty), the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Tlatelolco Treaty), and the Río de la Plata Basin Treaty.
		Uruguay had discontinued its diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba on September 8, 1964, in compliance with the decision of the OAS General Assembly, which sought to isolate the regime of Fidel Castro Ruz.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/uruguay/GOVERNMENT.html (13639 words)

	Uruguay
		The proportion of the immigrant population in Uruguay rose from 48 percent in 1860 to 68 percent in 1868.
		The military's economic program sought to transform Uruguay into an international financial center by lifting restrictions on the exchange rate; ensuring the free convertibility of the peso and foreign remittances, thus further "dollarizing" the economy; facilitating the opening of branches of foreign banks; and enacting a law to promote foreign investment.
		Uruguay is located in the Southern Hemisphere on the Atlantic seaboard of South America between 53 and 58 west longitude and 30 and 35 south latitude.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/uruguay/all.html (17808 words)

	Uruguay Rice Exports and the Environment
		Uruguay's agricultural exports contribute 11% the total GDP, "however, the real impact of this group is far greater than this percentage as it provides most of the raw materials for the industrial sector which employs 16% of the local workforce."(7) Among the main exports rice is the third most important.
		Uruguay is aware of the necessity of conserving their biodiversity, and therefore the importance in maintaining their ecosystems intact, which means that wetland conservation becomes a keen issue since it provides a home to most of the biodiversity of the country.
		Uruguay has already developed projects that are aimed to improving this situation by improving the utilization of the residue and reducing the impact caused by its accumulation.
	www.american.edu /ted/URUGUAY.HTM (2458 words)

	Carlos Varela - Uruguay's Citizens Challenge Impunity
		During transition talks in 1984, military and political leaders had agreed that while the Executive branch of the new government would not prosecute human rights violators, the civilian courts would still be free to pursue the matter without interference.
		Uruguay's Constitution requires the signatures of 25% of the registered voters to put such a referendum on the ballot, and voter rolls are swollen by mandatory registration at the age of 18.
		Although the threat posed by an unrepentant military cannot be overemphasized, these examples of popular opposition to impunity indicate that civilian governments grossly underestimate the resolve of their people to uphold the rule of law.
	www.context.org /ICLIB/IC21/VarelaPP.htm (746 words)

	Uruguay - Gurupedia
		Due to its advanced social system and its stable democracy, Uruguay came to be known as "the Switzerland of America".Communists guerillas broke out in the late 1960 and the state of emergency was enacted by President Pacheco Areco in 1968.
		Uruguay is the second-smallest country in South America and the landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hills (cuchilla) with a fertile coastal lowland; most of it grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising.
		To the southwest is the Rio de la Plata (Silver River), the estuary of the Uruguay River that forms the western border, and the Parana River, that does not run through Uruguay itself.
	www.gurupedia.com /u/ur/uruguay.htm (989 words)

	URUGUAY
		The referendum was to decide whether to preserve or annul a law effectively amnestying military and police violators of human rights responsible for murders, torture and disappearances during the 1973-85 dictatorship.
		The vote -- an important precedent for transformations from military to civilian rule -- was the result of a two-year effort by victims of human rights abuses, relatives of disappeared adults and children, human rights advocates, and tens of thousands of other citizens who opposed the blanket amnesty.
		In one of these cases, there was some evidence of an attempted police cover-up, and in another, a police defendant received the public support of the military and police hierarachies in a show of defiance of the judicial branch.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1989/WR89/Uruguay.htm (607 words)

	Military Regime in Uruguay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On August 11 the autonomy of the unions was ended and the CNT was banned.
		Such plans contrasted with the wishes of the armed forces for a gradual return to democracy, and Bordaberry was deposed in June 1976.
		A new National Council of 25 civilians and 21 military officers subsequently elected Aparicio Méndez, a former minister of public health, as president for a five-year term.
	www.izquierda.hpg.ig.com.br /ditaduras/uruguay.htm (476 words)

	AllRefer.com - Uruguay - Government and Politics \| Uruguayan Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The military regime, however, blocked the proposed presidential candidacies of the National Party's Wilson Ferreira Aldunate and the Broad Front's Líber Seregni Mosquera.
		The second, the November 26 poll--the first totally free presidential elections to be held in Uruguay since 1971--demonstrated the country's return to its democratic tradition of free and honest elections.
		Although voting was compulsory in Uruguay, the turnout in the November 26, 1989, elections was nonetheless impressive: 88 percent of the electorate of 2.3 million people participated.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/uruguay/uruguay112.html (851 words)

	Uruguay - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Due to its advanced social system and its stable democracy, Uruguay came to be known as "the Switzerland of the Americas".
		Uruguay is the second-smallest country in South America, after Suriname.
		The most popular sport in Uruguay is football (called fútbol in Spanish), and the country has earned many honours in that sport, including gold medals at the 1924 and 1928 Olympics and two World Cups.
	www.voyager.in /Uruguay (1863 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office Country Profiles
		The military continued to hold sway in national politics until the return to civilian rule on 1 March 1985 with the inauguration of the democratically elected President Julio Maria Sanguinetti.
		Although Uruguay invested great hopes in Mercosur in the early 1990s these have not been wholly fulfilled and (to the annoyance of some of his partners) former President Batlle vigorously sought to diversify Uruguay's markets outside Mercosur, seeking trade deals with countries as diverse as the United States and Angola.
		Uruguay is an active player in the United Nations and is a significant contributor to UN Peacekeeping operations.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1020687828869 (2453 words)

	The military regime (from Uruguay) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The military acted with a ferocity and thoroughness previously unknown to Uruguay.
		The second smallest nation on the continent, Uruguay has long been overshadowed politically and economically by the adjacent republics of Brazil and Argentina, with both of which it shares many cultural and historical similarities.
		General training instills those qualities that prepare one for a life in the military: physical strength, mental discipline, self-confidence, loyalty, and the ability to follow the orders of superior officers.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-32675 (863 words)

	Negotiating Democracy - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Uruguay was once the most stable democracy in Latin America, but in 1973 the military seized power for the first time.
		By the 1980s Uruguay’s generals were anxious to find a way to withdraw from power.
		The military agreed to return to the barracks and the politicians made an implicit commitment not to prosecute them for their past human rights violations.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/catalogue.asp?ISBN=0521401526 (310 words)

	Uruguay
		Uruguay, is a small country on the southeastern coast of South America.
		Uruguay is once again ruled by an elected civilian government but remains troubled economically.
		Uruguay has a mild, humid climate that varies little from one area to another.
	www.udayton.edu /mary/resources/stamps/uruguay/uruguaystamps.html (339 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Americas \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Uruguay
		Uruguay has traditionally been better off than many other countries in South America, and is known for its advances in education, its long-established social security system and liberal laws governing social issues such as divorce.
		Uruguay's colonial towns, beach resorts and a year-round mild climate have contributed to an increasingly-important tourist industry.
		In the 19th century Uruguay's newly-won independence was followed by a prolonged and ruinous conflict between two political factions - the land-owning Blancos (whites) and the urban Colorados (reds).
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1229360.stm (641 words)

	Worldandnation: In Uruguay, black pride's soundtrack is 'candombe'
		Activists at Mundo Afro, Uruguay's leading fl political and cultural organization, are hoping to ignite a movement to politically empower fls.
		Uruguay's white elite shunned the African-based music, similar to what happened during the early days of samba in Brazil and jazz in the United States.
		In 1973 the military overthrew Uruguay's parliamentary government and established a brutal dictatorship.
	www.sptimes.com /News/081600/news_pf/Worldandnation/In_Uruguay__black_pri.shtml (754 words)

	Disappeared in Uruguay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Uruguay, the State bears a debt with the families of people who were detained and disappeared under the military dictatorship, and with society as a whole.
		The military's investigation, of course, did not arrive to any substantial finding and only asserted that there were no evidences about the military's involvement in crimes against humankind.
		In contrast with neighboring countries, Uruguay never had a "truth commission" by the way of an officia l and public investigation of those events, and never the State acknowledged its own responsibility in crimes for which Uruguayan military officers have been prosecuted in Argentina and Paraguay.
	www.desaparecidos.org /uru/campana/eng.html (885 words)

	CBC News: Leftist leader takes office in Uruguay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A cancer specialist, the new president was an urban guerrilla during the time of Uruguay's military dictatorship.
		Eduardo Galeano, one of Uruguay's most famous writers who was forced into exile during the 1970s, calls the new president an honest man who is inheriting an economy in crisis and a heavy debt load.
		Uruguay had been stable until more than two years ago, when a depression sank the country's economy by 11 per cent.
	www.cbc.ca /storyview/MSN/world/national/2005/03/01/uruguay-vasquez050301.html (345 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Uruguay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its natural harbor to became an important commercial center.
		Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.
		Uruguay's well-to-do economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/uy.html (1192 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Uruguay starts search for the 'disappeared'
		MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay – Forensic teams entered military bases Tuesday to search for 22 people who disappeared more than 20 years ago in step by the new leftist government to heal old wounds from Uruguay's 1973-85 military dictatorship.
		President Tabare Vazquez reached an agreement with the military by promising that he sought corpses rather than those responsible for the deaths.
		Although the numbers of Uruguayan dead and disappeared are far fewer than the estimated 30,000 in Argentina and 3,000 in Chile, the nation's military rulers displayed a cruelty that still haunts Uruguay today.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20050419-1546-rights-uruguay.html (511 words)

	Servicio Paz y Justica, Elizabeth Hampsten: Uruguay Nunca Mas - Print
		Unlike Argentina or Brazil, in Uruguay neither the government nor the church conducted this investigation; it was the work of citizens who combined personal testimony and a knowledge of social science, as Lawrence Weschler notes in his perceptive introduction....
		Based on hundreds of interviews, a survey of ex-prisoners, and published testimonials, Uruguay Nunca Más documents the atrocities that were committed during the military dictatorship in Uruguay from 1973 to 1985.
		The organization Servicio Paz y Justicia-Uruguay (SERPAJ) traces the various stages that Uruguay's military government passed through in its twelve years in power, noting the progressive distortion of the legislative judicial, and executive branches.
	www.temple.edu /tempress/titles/877_reg_print.html (454 words)

	AllRefer.com - Uruguay - Military Justice \| Uruguayan Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the period of military rule, civilians charged with crimes against the national security were tried by military courts, as were most offenses committed by military personnel.
		The role of the military justice system was greatly reduced because of the return to democracy, however, and since that time the Supreme Court of Justice has consistently held that in peacetime, jurisdictional disputes between the parallel civil and military court systems should be resolved in favor of the civil courts.
		The Supreme Military Tribunal, which was composed of five members, four of whom had to be military field-grade officers, was the highest military appeals court for military offenders.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/uruguay/uruguay149.html (336 words)

	Military of Uruguay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The largest groups are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where 1,549 Uruguayan troops control one sector of the country, and the Sinai, where 60 troops are stationed.
		The Air Force Academy is located in Pando.
		Military of: Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago · Uruguay · Venezuela
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Uruguay (512 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook 2002 -- Uruguay
		A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973.
		Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending.
		GDP fell by 1.3% in 2000 and by 1.5% in 2001.
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/wofact2002/geos/uy.html (1147 words)

	Uruguay The Military's Economic Record - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Uruguay The Military's Economic Record - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
		As the situation deteriorated, the state, in order to save the banking system, purchased noncollectible debt portfolios of ranchers, industrialists, and importers, which were held by private banks.
		This adversely affected the fiscal deficit and increased the foreign debt, which grew sevenfold between 1973 and 1984 (see Restructuring under the Military Regime, 1973-85, ch.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/uruguay/uruguay_history_the_militarys_economic_record.html (837 words)

	Uruguay's President to behead military if disappeared are not found - Pravda.Ru
		Uruguay's Socialist President Tabare Vazquez weighs beheading the national Armed Forces after months of unsuccessful search for the remains of people detained and disappeared in military grounds during the rule of the juntas between 1973 and 1985.
		Vazquez obtained from these officers documentation about the fate of those opponents to the military rule killed by the juntas and a promise to collaborate in the research.
		Demonstrators said Uruguay is going through a different historic period thanks to the support of the progressive government of President Tabare Vazquez to investigate disappearances and clandestine burials of people in military plots of land.
	english.pravda.ru /world/20/91/368/16242_Uruguay.html (559 words)

	Uruguay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Méndez was chosen president in an election in which twenty-two citizens voted: fourteen generals, five brigadiers, and three admirals.
		Among the torture, the oppression and exile of creative thinkers and writers, the political prisoners and the many things related to the brutal military government of his country of Uruguay, Galeano mentions the censorship of the lyrics of the Carnival voices.
		This silencing of Uruguay was of all its people, perhaps even the author, for at the end of his book, Eduardo Galeano wrote a letter to his translator, telling him that he might take note of the year 1984 when he finished the last book of his trilogy, Memory of Fire:
	www.hfac.uh.edu /courses/engl3396/nmunoz2/page5.htm (408 words)

	URUGUAY - VIRTUAL TRUTH COMMISSION
		Rosencoff emphasized that the training given to Uruguayan military officers in Panama, as well as the help that agents of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) gave to the army and police in Uruguay, included the practice of torture.
		According to human rights organizations, more than 900 Uruguayan military officers took courses from the US Army Southern Command at the School of the Americas, which was located in Panama from 1946 to 1984 before moving to Fort Benning, Georgia.
		Source: "Uruguay: US Accused of Murder of Rebel Captives," Weekly News Update on the Americas, Issue #443, Jul 25, 1998, Nicaragua Solidarity Network of Greater New York, 339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012.
	www.geocities.com /~virtualtruth/uruguay.htm (744 words)

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