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Topic: Military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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	Democratic Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan on the north, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania on the east, Zambia and Angola on the south, and the Republic of the Congo on the west.
		The Congo territory was acquired formally by Leopold at the Conference of Berlin in 1885.
		The Congo is situated at the heart of the west-central portion of sub-Saharan Africa and is bounded by (Clockwise from the west) Angola, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, the Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania across Lake Tanganyika, and Zambia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo (4358 words)

	Military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The military of the Democratic Republic of Congo is currently in the rebuilding process after the Second Congo War officially ended in July 2003.
		The military is one of the most unstable in the region after years of war and underfunding.
		The current organization of the Congo's military establishement is very vague due to lack of information availible, it has been made more difficult because of the current reforms being undertaken by the Congo security forces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo (405 words)

	Democratic Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It borders on Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, Angola and the Gulf of Guinea.
		The area now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo was populated as early as 10,000 years ago, and settled in the 7th and 8th centuries by Bantus from present-day Nigeria.
		Clockwise from the west, it is bounded by Angola, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, the Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania across Lake Tanganyika, and Zambia.
	www.peacelink.de /keyword/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.php (1654 words)

	Congo, Democratic Republic of the. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It borders on Angola in the southwest and west, on Cabinda and the Republic of the Congo in the west, on the Central African Republic and Sudan in the north, on Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania in the east, and on Zambia in the southeast.
		Congo lies astride the equator, and virtually all of the country is part of the vast Congo River drainage basin.
		However, the Republic of the Congo (as the nation was then called) soon began to be pulled apart by ethnic and personal rivalries, often encouraged by Belgian interests.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/Congo-Kin.html (4090 words)

	Democratic Republic of the Congo -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		With the defeat of Zairean government forces and the departure of President Mobutu Sese Seko in the spring of 1997, the victorious rebel leader Laurent Kabila renamed Zaire the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
		It is bordered to the west by Gabon, to the northwest by Cameroon, to the north by the Central African Republic, and to the east and south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
		Conflict and Ethnicity in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire)
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9277871 (819 words)

	Congo, Democratic Republic of the
		The Congo, in west-central Africa, is bordered by the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, the Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola, and the Atlantic Ocean.
		Congo, Democratic Republic of the - Congo, Democratic Republic of the, formerly Zaïre, republic (1995 est.
		Congo, Democratic Republic of the: History - History Early History The indigenous inhabitants of the region of the Congo were probably Pygmies,...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0198161.html (1572 words)

	DRC
		The situation in and around the Democratic Republic of Congo is one of armed conflict, characterised by considerable human suffering and grave humanitarian problems.
		Military interference in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by external forces, motivated by security concerns, had transformed the crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo into a threat to regional peace and security.
		The subsequent military assistance to Kinshasa by a number of its allies from the region has further compounded the crisis, underlining that a military solution is highly unlikely.
	www.un.int /malaysia/SC/SC24Jan00.html (1005 words)

	Military.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The economy of Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)—a nation endowed with vast potential wealth—has declined significantly since the mid-1980s.
		As a consequence of the civil conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire), substantial data is not available for the environment of the country.
		Regulation and protection of the environment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo comes under the jurisdiction of the Institute for Nature Conservation, and the Ministry of Agriculture.
	military.countrywatch.com /countries.asp?vCOUNTRY=040 (212 words)

	Congo (Kinshasa) (11/05)
		The area known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo was populated as early as 10,000 years ago and settled in the 7th and 8th centuries A.D. by Bantus from present-day Nigeria.
		Sparsely populated in relation to its area, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is home to a vast potential of natural resources and mineral wealth.
		The Congo was the world's fourth-largest producer of industrial diamonds during the 1980s, and diamonds continue to dominate exports, accounting for over half of exports ($642 million) in 2003.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2823.htm (4022 words)

	Democratic Republic of the Congo [MONUC}
		The culmination of this focus on Africa was the attendance of seven African heads of state at a summit on the Congo and a special session of the Security Council, chaired by Secretary Albright.
		Democratic Republic of the Congo President Kabila and other signatories reaffirmed their commitment to the inter-Congolese National Dialogue and former President Masire of Botswana outlined his plans as the neutral facilitator of the process.
		Phase I was launched August 6, 1999, when the Security Council authorized the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), the UN liaison mission of up to 90 UN military liaison officers the Congo and to the capitals of other African countries, with an interest in the conflict.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/droc.htm (1022 words)

	Top20DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.com - Your Top20 Guide to Democratic Republic of the Congo!
		The Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) is a nation in central Africa and the third largest country on the continent.
		The name âKubaâ is derived from the term used by the Luba (whose kingdom lay to the south of the Kuba) for the civilization.Because of its relative remoteness in the southern Congo, Kuba was largely spared the turmoil of both European and Afroaraber slave trades.
		Also due mainly to its location, even after Belgium officially established the Congo Free State in 1875, the Kuba were able to sustain their federation, which comprised some 100,000 square kilometers and had a population of approximately 150,000 inhabitants.
	top20democraticrepublicofthecongo.com (4974 words)

	Democratic Republic of Congo DRC on the Internet
		Causes of the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the way forward" by Claude Kabemba) and the complete texts of their most recent policy briefs ("From dilemma to détente: Pretoria's policy options on the DRC and Great Lakes" by Francis Kornegay and Chris Landsberg.
		News on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Rwanda.
		Congo The Transition, by Ernest Wamba dia Wamba and Mandisi Majavu.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html (9456 words)

	Democratic republic of the Congo
		A cycle of atrocity introduced by King Leopold II of Belgium in the late nineteenth century has flared up increasingly in recent years and resulted in what some commentators are calling “Africa’s Great War” with up to twelve armies representing nation states and rebel groups using the country as their battleground.
		The Congo region of central Africa was one of the last regions of the world to be “discovered” and mapped by Europeans during a famous expedition undertaken by Henry Morton Stanley with the economic support of the Belgian Crown.
		There were just four years of chaotic democracy (during which Lumumba was assassinated) before a military coup took place and General Mobutu Sese Seko came to power promising to restore order and using the army to crush a secessionist rebellion in the Katanga region of the country.
	papa.essortment.com /democraticrepub_raob.htm (600 words)

	REPORT ON EXPLOITATION OF RESOURCES OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO IS CHALLENGED IN SECURITY COUNCIL
		It was imperative, he said, that an end be put to the economic pillaging in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in order to establish sustainable peace and democratic institutions there. Institutional reform in the country was crucial to allow the transitional Government to control the natural resources.
		Strengthening the rule of law and bringing all of Congo under its sway were decisive phases of battling illegal exploitation.
		The issue was directly linked to the continued bloodshed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, prospects for the ending of which had been encouraging. He was concerned about the scope of the plundering of natural resources in violation of the country’s sovereignty.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2002/SC7561.doc.htm (1222 words)

	Congo, Democratic Republic of the
		This Travel Warning for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) reiterates the Department of State’s warning to U.S. citizens against traveling there in light of recent unrest and the potential for more unrest in the near future.
		Travelers to the Democratic Republic of the Congo routinely experience difficulties at the airport and other ports of entry, such as temporary detention and demands by immigration and security personnel for unofficial “special fees.” Visas are not available at ports of entry.
		U.S. citizens who travel to or remain in the Democratic Republic of the Congo despite this Travel Warning are strongly urged to register with the Embassy in Kinshasa or through the State Department’s travel registration website at https://travelregistration.state.gov.
	travel.state.gov /travel/cis_pa_tw/tw/tw_2198.html (774 words)

	Background - Democratic Republic of Congo - 12-27-02
		On Dec. 5, 2002, the United Nations Security Council took the positive step of raising the ceiling on the number of U.N. military personnel in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 5,537 to 8,700.
		The unanimous U.N. resolution governs the operations of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC).
		The current MONUC mandate permits its role in the voluntary disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of foreign military forces in the country, as well as monitoring foreign troops withdrawal from Congolese territory.
	www.uusc.org /news/congobg122702.html (568 words)

	allAfrica.com: Congo-Kinshasa
		A military delegation from the African Union (AU) has arrived in North Kivu in the troubled eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to assess the possible deployment of 7,000 troops to disarm foreign armed groups who have been attacking civilians, the UN Mission in DRC (MONUC) said.
		Some 500 refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) who crossed into northwestern Burundi in November have been moved inland from the border area in Cibitoke Province to Gasorwe transit camp in Muyinga Province in the northeast, an official of the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, said on Thursday.
		Successful elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) would not only help the country's peace and transition process but would also greatly contribute to the achievement of stability in Africa's Great Lakes region, according to a UN Security Council delegation that visited the region from 4-11 November.
	allafrica.com /congo_kinshasa (1043 words)

	democratic republic of the congo map and information page
		Dissected by the Equator, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), formerly called Zaire, is the third largest country on the African continent.
		Commissioned by King Leopold II of Belgium, Henry Stanley was the first European to explore the Congo Basin area.
		Climate The Democratic Republic of the Congo is hot and humid both central and west.
	www.worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/africa/cd.htm (611 words)

	United Nations Daily Highlights, 99-08-06
		By a unanimous vote, the Council agreed to send military liaison personnel to the capitals of the six nations -- the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Namibia, Uganda, Rwanda and Zimbabwe -- that signed the Ceasefire Agreement on 10 July in Lusaka, Zambia.
		The military officers will also be deployed to the provisional headquarters of the Joint Military Commission (JMC) -- created by the peace accord to disarm the fighters and verify the ceasefire -- and, security permitting, to the rear military headquarters of the main belligerents and anywhere else the Secretary-General deems necessary.
		A group of military and civilian personnel from the United Nations mission in Sierra Leone are still being held hostage by a rebel group in the Ocra Hills about 70 kilometers outside the capital, Freetown, a UN spokesman said on Friday.
	www.hri.org /news/world/undh/1999/99-08-06.undh.html (2345 words)

	Washington Office on Africa--Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Despite the agreement in principle reached in Paris by the heads of state from the Congo, Zimbabwe, Rwanda and Uganda at the end of November, the absence of an openness on the part of all nations involved militarily in the conflict to diplomatic rather than military solutions is a continuing matter of disappointment and regret.
		While we respect the per-spective of the Roman Catholic Bishops in the Congo, who called for talks "between the sons of the Congo" vis-à-vis talks with foreigners, the realities of the conflict are such that regional discussions appear essential.
		Arrangements for the economic exploitation of the Congo's resources that respect the integrity of the Congo's peoples, development needs and environment: The historic dominance of Western mining interests and the very recent Zimbabwean acquisition of mining contracts need to be tested against these standards.
	www.woaafrica.org /congo.htm (1867 words)

	Congo-Kinshasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This Travel Warning for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) is being issued to update security information and registration requirements, and to note the Department of State continues to warn U.S. citizens against travel to the country.
		Travelers to the Democratic Republic of the Congo have routinely experienced difficulties at the airport and other ports of entry, being temporarily detained by immigration and security personnel demanding payment of unofficial âspecial fees.â Entry visas at the port of entry are not available.
		U.S. citizens should also consult the Department of State's most recent Consular Information Sheet for Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Worldwide Caution Public Announcement, which are located on the Department's Internet web site at http://travel.state.gov.
	travel.state.gov /travel/droc_warning.html (658 words)

	New army inaugurated, but without a name (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		KINSHASA, 5 Sep 2003 (IRIN) - The leadership of a newly unified national military in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was inaugurated on Friday in the capital, Kinshasa, although some debate remained as to what the new force would be called.
		As part of the power-sharing accord reached at the end of the inter-Congolese dialogue, the former belligerents agreed to share the leadership roles of a unified national army.
		The leaders of the new national military were nominated on 19 August by Kabila.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=36415 (488 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Congo, Republic of the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo.
		A quarter century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990 and a democratically elected government installed in 1992.
		The Republic of Congo is one of Africa's largest petroleum producers with significant potential for offshore development.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/cf.html (1296 words)

	Tension over military persists between Kinshasa and MLC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		MLC, which is impatient to see the Sun City accord implemented, believes that continuing delays in establishing a unified military threaten to lead to another partition of the country.
		Contributing to the tension caused by delays in forming a united army has been each camp's widespread promotions of their respective soldiers, seen as a means of jockeying for the best positions in a newly-constituted FAC.
		Among the promotions has been Bemba's elevation to head of the MLC forces, done shortly after the signing of the Sun City accord, thereby making his military rank equal to that of Kabila, who is a major-general.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=29479 (457 words)

	SECURITY COUNCIL CONDEMNS RWANDA’S MILITARY OPERATIONS IN EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, DEMANDS ...
		The Council recognized that continued tension in the eastern part of the country undermined peace and security in the region, and that the presence of ex-FAR and Interahamwe elements there was a source of instability, a threat to civilian populations and an impediment to good-neighbourly relations between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda.
		Concerning the disarmament of foreign armed groups, the Council urged the Congolese authorities to do all possible to effectively disarm those groups as a matter of urgency, in the interest of stability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the security of Rwanda and Burundi, and the establishment of peace and stability in the region.
		A further letter from the Permanent Representative of Rwanda to the Security Council, dated 6 December (document S/2004/951), asserts, among other things, that there are currently no Rwandan troops on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The ex-FAR/Interahamwe forces are present and active in massive numbers on the territory of the
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2004/sc8263.doc.htm (739 words)

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