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Topic: Military of the Philippines

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	Military history of the Philippines - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Philippine Revolution, the first against western colonial rule in Asia, was directed against Spain which had colonized the Philippines since 1565.
		The most important event which possibly made the Revolution inevitable was that of February 17, 1872, when three Filipino secular priests, leaders in the movement for the secularization (in effect, nationalization) of Philippine parishes, were executed publicly by garrote for their supposed complicity in a military mutiny at a Cavite arsenal on January 20, 1872.
		The Philippine Constabulary and the Philippine Department's Philippine Scouts were used to create the core of the new Philippine Army.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Military_history_of_the_Philippines (1376 words)

	Armed Forces of the Philippines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manuel L. Quezon, the Armed Forces of the Philippines is loosely based on the structure of the military of the United States.
		The National Defense College of the Philippines and Philippine Military Academy are the principal defense training institutions.
		Philippine Marine Corps - The units of the 8,000-strong Philippine Marine Corps (PMC) are often the first to be called to respond to a crisis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_the_Philippines (737 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Philippines is a strong political, economic and military ally of the United States and a close partner in the global war on terrorism.
		Philippine authorities believe that the ASG had a role in the October 2002 bombing near a Philippine military base in Zamboanga that killed three Filipinos and a U.S. serviceman.
		The Philippines receives anti-terrorist financial assistance from the U.S. Following Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's May 2003 visit to the U.S., Washington pledged to provide new funds to the Philippines for training and equipping Philippine forces to deal with terrorist groups and funds to spur development in the Mindanao region, where Islamic extremists are based.
	www.adl.org /Terror/tu/tu_0404_philippines.asp (1442 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus - Self-Determination - Regional Conflict Profile - Philippines
		Muslim regions in the Philippines are among the country's poorest and the social indicators (health, education) are among the lowest in the country.
		The Philippine military and police are widely believed to have agents operating in the Abu Sayyaf for information-gathering purposes as well as for extortion activities.
		Military assistance in the form of Economic Support Funds increased from zero in FY2000 to an estimated $4 million in FY2001 and $15 million are requested for FY2002.
	fpif.org /selfdetermination/conflicts/philippines_body.html (2728 words)

	Philippines Military Assault on Abu Sayyaf
		An assault launched by the Philippines military continued into its second day amid reports that Abu Sayyaf militants were fleeing their strongholds.
		The military operation was launched early on Saturday morning in a bid to put a stop to Abu Sayyaf's five month campaign of kidnapping.
		Philippines authorities argued that the rebels would most likely keep their hostages alive as "insurance." However, they confirmed that there was as yet no hint as the where the militants had taken their captives.
	www.ict.org.il /spotlight/det.cfm?id=485 (540 words)

	PDGS - CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
		Military politicization, in turn, is influenced by three factors: (a) the growing politicization of the society since 1946, (b) the overpoliticized society under the Marcos and Aquino regimes, and (c) the divergent civil-military values.
		The Philippine Military Academy as an institution will be discussed at length not only because its alumni are the respondents of this study but also of its role in the professional socialization of the core of the AFP officer corps.
		Military intervention in politics is defined as "The armed forces' constrained substitution of their own policies and/or their persons, for those of the recognized civilian authorities." To intervene the military must have both the disposition and opportunity.
	www.pdgs.org /partners/ciron.html (15800 words)

	Hyping Terrorism in the Philippines
		The Philippines has been selected to portray the "war on terror" as a new worldwide threat to civilization by "extremists." In reality, New York was attacked in 2001 and London bombed this year by Muslim nationalists opposed to Anglo-American puppet dictatorships and US troops in their region.
		The Philippine military is large, competent and Muslims rebels are a minor threat as they are limited to a few isolated regions.
		Reyes and Corpus resigned to avoid criticism, and the Philippine military is reluctant to proceed with an open court-martial knowing the attention that would generate.
	www.g2mil.com /phils.htm (1646 words)

	Killing season in the Philippines
		But as Max de Mesa, the Philippine Alliance of Human Rights Advocates chair and longtime human-rights activist, points out, the total number of cases of rights violations under Arroyo should not be compared as separate from those of her predecessors.
		In heavily militarized Sulu in the southern Philippines, where the military has been pursuing the Abu Sayyaf group, there have been numerous allegations of serious human-rights violations by the armed forces, including the February 2005 massacre of a family, which finally provoked the Moro National Liberation Front to recommence attacking government forces.
		But as the Philippines' massive marginalized population has increasingly employed these institutions to challenge the status quo, sections of the ruling class and military appear to have come to the conclusion that democracy is a double-edged sword.
	www.focusweb.org /philippines/content/view/99/3 (4070 words)

	US prepares further military exercises in the Philippines
		When 1,300 US troops started arriving on Basilan Island in the southern Philippines in February, both Washington and Manila were at pains to declare that their presence was part of a limited training operation designed to enhance the capability of Filipino forces to defeat Abu Sayyaf—a group of armed Islamic separatists.
		The two sides circumvented Philippines law and the parliament by declaring the MLSA to be a purely administrative agreement which did not require legislative approval or scrutiny.
		The Philippines is strategically located to form part of the US military’s logistics for operations in Central Asia and the Middle East, particularly as Washington prepares for the invasion of Iraq.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2002/dec2002/phil-d27.shtml (942 words)

	CNN IN-DEPTH SPECIAL
		The return of US military advisers to Philippine soil has been met with a mixed response, and President Gloria-Macapagal Arroyo has been criticized for her support of the limited U.S. military presence.
		The Philippine government has been unable to control the Abu Sayyaf and various separatist groups operating throughout the country.
		U.S. troops in Zamboanga are training elements of the Philippine army to fight an elusive enemy which continues to create instability in the region.
	edition.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2002/philippines.us (96 words)

	The Philippines: nationbuilding and pacification Military Review - Find Articles
		Kaplan emphasizes that among the lessons of the United States' first successful encounter with overseas guerrilla warfare in the Philippines is the importance of soldiers destroying a military resistance.
		Civic action and nationbuilding are important, even vital, elements of a military occupation and a long peace, but the military defeat of the enemy must come first.
		I am not enamored of the terms nationbuilding, military operations other than war, or peace enforcement, which are politically correct, bureaucratically directed, and so vague that more often than not they cause confusion rather than clarity.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PBZ/is_2_85/ai_n14707567 (706 words)

	PC(USA) - Washington Office
		In the Philippines, this issue is better understood in the context of nearly a century of presence by the U.S. military.
		The New Philippine Constitution of 1987 further made the existence of foreign military bases in the Philippines beyond 1991 subject to the approval of the Philippine Senate.
		The MBA expired on September 16, 1991, and the Philippine Senate rejected a proposed bases treaty with the U.S., paving the way for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the Philippines.
	www.pcusa.org /washington/issuenet/ap-000800.htm (2324 words)

	Philippines — Infoplease.com
		The Philippines were ceded to the U.S. in 1899 by the Treaty of Paris after the Spanish-American War.
		University of the Philippines - Philippines, University of the, main campus at Quezon City, the Philippines; English language;...
		The Philippines - Philippines, The, officially Republic of the Philippines, republic (2005 est.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107887.html (1526 words)

	US Military Back in the Philippines : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Teofista Guingona, one of the leaders in the Senate of the Anti-base movement in 1991, was strongly opposed to this past summer’s controversial Balikatan joint-training excercises between US and Philippine troops which led to the establishment of the forward operations base on Basilan.
		Guingona warned that the MLSA violated the Philippine Constitutional ban on the presence of foreign combat troops in the country.
		Now, in direct violation of the Philippine Constitution, US forces could be housed, fed and supplied on Philippine soil, even in times of peace, even if they aren’t engaged in a joint training excercise.
	sf.indymedia.org /print.php?id=1544560 (942 words)

	All Headline News - Fresh Fighting In The Philippines As Military Forces Look For Islamic Militants - October 22, 2006
		A 5,000-strong military force has been deployed on the island since late July in a bid to eradicate rebels from the militant Abu Sayyaf group.
		The Philippines military is also seeking two suspects who are wanted for the 2002 Bali bombings and are apparently hiding there.
		The BBC quotes military command center head Colonel Allan Luga as saying that troops were flown to a mountainous area of the island where the rebels were hiding.
	www.allheadlinenews.com /articles/7004794484 (311 words)

	PEOPLE'S STRUGGLE AGAINST FOREIGN MILITARY PRESENCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
		The author is currently the military consultant of the Nuclear Free-Philippines Coalition, and Convenor of the Junk VFA Movement.
		He is a retired Philippine Navy Captain, former Chief of Staff of the Philippine Coast Guard and former Inspector General of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
		In 1521, the first military forces from a western power that ventured in the Asia-Pacific region were defeated by Filipino native warriors in the battle of Mactan island in the central islands of the Philippines.
	www.yonip.com /main/articles/struggle.html (808 words)

	CONTINUED PRESENCE OF U.S. MILITARY IN THE PHILIPPINES
		First, the administration said that the US military advisers who arrived soon after the September 11, 2002 terrorist attacks in the United States were here to see what kind of military assistance the US could give the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).
		This, despite the fact that RP and US military doctrines clearly state that "training exercises" are not to be conducted in actual battle zones, against real enemy forces and using live ammunition.
		Neither has the Philippines declared any of the other nations tagged by the US as its next target of attack, such as Iraq, as our enemy.
	www.yonip.com /main/articles/no_more_lies.html (1212 words)

	PREDA ARTICLE - CONVERTING THE U.S. MILITARY BASES IN THE PHILIPPINES
		The U.S. Military bases in the Philippines are the most controversial issues sweeping the Philippines and much of South East Asia these days.
		I became interested in the conversion possibilities of the U.S. Military bases in 1985, last month I was invited to present proposals for alternative use to the Joint legislative/executive bases council.
		The establishment of a World University of the ecology at these facilities situated in and around the virgin rain forest and pristine coast line of the Subic/Cubi base lands in Bataan must be seriously considered as a viable and practical educational and economic alternative.
	www.preda.org /archives/1989-90-91-92/r9005041.htm (1984 words)

	The Philippines
		During the first half of the 20th century the Philippines became of great strategic importance to the defence of the United States.
		The transgressions resulting therefrom as revealed by the trial are a blot upon the military profession, a stain upon civilization and constitute a memory of shame and dishonor that can never be forgotten.
		Peculiarly callous and purposeless was the sack of the ancient city of Manila, with its Christian population and its countless historic shrines and monuments of culture and civilization, which with campaign conditions reversed had previously been spared.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWphilippines.htm (2589 words)

	CNN.com - Philippines gets extra $10m to fight terror - July 1, 2002
		The Philippines is battling to wipe out the Abu Sayyaf terrorist group which is fighting for a separate Islamic state in the south of the predominantly Catholic nation.
		The Philippines and the United States meanwhile have agreed to hold a second round of exercises after the current maneuvers with Filipino troops end this month.
		Martin Burnham was killed in a shootout last month when the Philippine military came across rebels in the jungle and began firing.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/07/01/phil.money (612 words)

	The Renewed Phase of U.S. Military Intervention in the Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		More and more U.S. military activities in the Philippines have been noted in recent months under President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as the United States is also considering shifting some of its Pacific forces to the Philippines to relieve the political pressure on U.S. forces especially in Okinawa and South Korea.
		Philippine Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs Lauro Baja himself admitted that this form of operation in an actual combat zone is not even covered by any Memorandum of Understanding between the two countries.
		As it is, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and her spokespersons in the military are practicing gross deception when they claim that this military operation with live targets is within the scope and ambit of the "military exercises" covered by the RP-U.S. Visiting Forces Agreement.
	www.boondocksnet.com /centennial/sctexts/simbulan020115.html (1010 words)

	The U.S. military presence in the Philippines
		All those concerned with human rights and free democratic development in the Philippines welcomed the vote of the Philippine Senate in September 1991 that compelled the removal of U.S. military forces from the country.
		Now, the latest tussle is in the Philippines, a former colony that may again play host to visiting US soldiers and nuclear-tipped warships.
		The Philippines no longer feels as secure as it did a few years ago and wants a return to the days when it felt safe in the knowledge the US military would be there if it was needed.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/54a/index-ba.html (375 words)

	RW ONLINE:Philippines: The Visiting Imperialists Agreement
		The current Philippine government, headed by President Estrada, is pushing for the ratification of the VFA in the Philippine Senate in October.
		The withdrawal of the U.S. bases in the Philippines in the early 1990s came at a time when the U.S. was doing various restructuring of its military forces worldwide in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union.
		In the Philippines, the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) is leading a Maoist new democratic revolution and people's war against the reactionary rulers and their imperialist backers.
	www.rwor.org /a/v20/970-79/976/phil.htm (1114 words)

	Changes to U.S. Military Assistance After September 11
		Philippine officials generally oppose the introduction of U.S. combat troops, but they have welcomed defense equipment and training to improve the military's anti-terror capabilities.
		In addition to a "robust training package" and the $19 million already promised in foreign military financing, Bush said he would earmark $10 million in Defense Department goods and services for the Philippine military and $10 million for counterterrorism initiatives and law enforcement.
		Philippine officials said the equipment package would also include eight UH-1 "Huey" helicopters, Cyclone-class patrol boats, and 30,000 M-16 infantry rifles with 120,000 magazines.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2002/usmil/USass0202-03.htm (1715 words)

	U.S. Increases Military Aid to the Philippines
		The Bush administration is using its "war against terrorism" as a pretext to increase military aid to the Philippines.
		On November 20, the President of the Philippines, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, met with President Bush and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to discuss further "counterinsurgency" assistance.
		The so-called "war on terrorism" in the Philippines is designed to hide the aims of U.S. imperialism in Asia, to dominate and exploit the markets and resources of the people in the Philippines and Asia.
	www.anti-imperialist.org /philipp-us.html (359 words)

	Australia signs military pact with the Philippines
		Despite the support of President Gloria Arroyo, opposition emerged to the stationing of US troops in the Philippines, which flouts a constitutional ban on the presence of foreign military on Philippine soil.
		By joining the US military operations, Canberra is hoping to further cement the US-Australian alliance and also reap extra economic and political benefits in South East Asia.
		A meeting of trade and foreign ministers from Australia and the Philippines in Sydney in August declared that “Australian mining companies were well placed to participate in the development of the Philippines mineral resources”.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2005/nov2005/phil-n03.shtml (1076 words)

	Military rebelion in the Philippines
		The official website of the Government of Philippines provides information on the country, governmental agencies and departments and local authorities along with links to Philippine diplomatic missions.
		The website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Philippines provides with information about the Department of Foreign affairs, consular services, diplomatic missions of the Philippines and in the Pilippines.
		Independent newspaper of the Philippines covering essencially the inner socio-political situation of the country.
	www.diplomaticnet.com /uk/act/act109.html (493 words)

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