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	Milk Thistle [NCCAM Herbs at a Glance]
		Milk thistle is a flowering herb that is native to the Mediterranean region.
		Milk thistle is sometimes called silymarin, which is actually a mixture of the herb's active components, including silybinin (also called silibinin or silybin).
		Milk thistle is believed to have protective effects on the liver and improve its function.
	nccam.nih.gov /health/milkthistle (540 words)

	Milk Thistle Seed organic
		Milk thistle is a member of the sunflower family native to a narrow area of the Mediterranean, but grown for centuries throughout Europe and and now a common weed in California.
		Milk thistle was probably brought to North America as a coffee substitute, but its shiny fl seeds covered with feathery tufts have a far longer history in herbal medicine.
		Milk thistle seed has the same healing effect on the liver without interfering with the organ's ability to detoxify drugs or environmental chemicals, and a side benefit of normalizing blood lipids as the liver heals.
	www.mountainroseherbs.com /learn/milk_thistle_seed.php (482 words)

	Milk Thistle, Silybum marianum, Milk thistle photos, Milk thistle article, by Steven Foster
		Milk thistle preparations are from the seeds of Silybum marianum, a member of the sunflower family native to a narrow area of the Mediterranean, but grown for centuries throughout Europe and naturalized on that continent.
		Their positive monograph on milk thistle seed allows preparations of the seeds for the supportive treatment of chronic inflammatory liver disorders and cirrhosis of the liver, such as chronic hepatitis, and fatty infiltration of the liver by alcohol and other chemicals.
		Milk Thistle is one of those fascinating plants, whose use, supported by 2000 years of historical use, has emerged as an important example of how traditional information can be used for the development of modern herb products.
	www.stevenfoster.com /education/monograph/milkthistle.html (1935 words)

	MILK THISTLE
		Milk thistle is one of very few traditionally used herbs that has been widely accepted by conventional science to have significant medicinal value.
		Milk thistle should be considered as an aid to healing after drug therapy, vaccinations, and infections such as canine parvovirus, as well as an potential adjunct treatment for cancer.
		As with many supplements, it’s probably better to buy a milk thistle derivative rather than a silymarin-only or other fractional supplement, since there may be other compounds found in the whole herb that significantly enhance the effects of what science has decided is the main player.
	www.canine-epilepsy-guardian-angels.com /milk_thistle.htm (833 words)

	Milk Thistle - National Cancer Institute
		Milk thistle is a plant whose fruit and seeds have been used for more than 2,000 years as a treatment for disorders of the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder.
		Despite milk thistle's long history of use for liver complaints, it was not until 1968 that researchers extracted silymarin from milk thistle seeds and suggested that it might be the plant's active ingredient.
		To research the claim that milk thistle is useful in treating cancer, its active substance silymarin and its major compound silybin have been the most widely studied ingredients.
	www.cancer.gov /cancertopics/pdq/cam/milkthistle/patient/allpages/print (4276 words)

	Milk Thistle -- Summary Report
		One of the special qualities of Milk Thistle is that it cleanses and detoxifies an overburdened and stagnant liver while also being able to strengthen and tonify a weak liver; thus, delivering potent medicine to clogged, excess conditions as well as to weakened, deficient conditionals.
		Milk Thistle is a gentle and mild laxative due to its ability to increase bile secretion and flow in the intestinal tract.
		Milk Thistle is also a Demulcent, meaning that it soothes and moistens the mucus membranes, kidney and bladder irritations and inflammations in general.
	www.skyeherbals.com /materia_medica/milk_thistle.php (1049 words)

	AllRefer Health - Milk Thistle: Effects on Liver Disease and Cirrhosis and Clinical Adverse Effects - Alternative ...
		It is a member of the aster or daisy family and has been used by ancient physicians and herbalists to treat a range of liver and gallbladder diseases and to protect the liver against a variety of poisons.
		Effects of milk thistle on liver disease of alcohol, viral, toxin, cholestatic, and primary malignancy etiologies.
		Milk Thistle: Effects on Liver Disease and Cirrhosis and Clinical Adverse Effects.
	health.allrefer.com /alternative-medicine/milk-thistle-liver-1.html (381 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Milk Thistle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Milk Thistle is a plant, Silybum marianum, of the Asteraceae family, a fairly typical Thistle with red to purple flowers and shiny pale green leaves with white veins.
		An AHRQ study of such claims in 2000 concluded that "clinical efficacy of milk thistle is not clearly established".
		Milk Thistle: Effects on Liver Disease and Cirrhosis and Clinical Adverse Effects AHRQ report
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Milk_Thistle (164 words)

	Information about milk thistle - Silybum marianum
		Milk thistle is an established weed in Canada, southwestern Oregon, California, Texas, and Nebraska.
		Milk thistle is a nitrate accumulator, lethal when livestock ingest the plant, particularly in the early wilting stage - whether it wilts from mowing, drought, or herbicide application (Roche’ 1991).
		Thistles are the most susceptible to control during the seedling stage, or as they grow from the seedling stage to the rosette state.
	www.nwcb.wa.gov /weed_info/Written_findings/Silybum_marianum.html (1546 words)

	InteliHealth:
		Milk thistle is sometimes recommended by herbalists to improve the flow of breast milk in nursing mothers.
		Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels, and patients taking oral drugs for diabetes or using insulin should be monitored closely by their health care provider while using milk thistle.
		Milk thistle ingredients have been shown to prevent amiodarone toxicity in studies done in animals, but before this herb is used for this indication, further studies in humans must be done.
	www.intelihealth.com /IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8513/31402/346496.html?d=dmtContent (1657 words)

	LiverSupport.com - Milk Thistle Facts Overview
		Milk thistle also regenerates injured liver cells according to Sonnenbichler J, Zetl I, in their article "Stimulating influence of a flavonolignan dirivative on proliferation, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis in liver cells".
		However, in Europe, as a prescribed medicine, the milk thistle extract is also used to treat alcoholic cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, drug and alcohol-induced liver damage and other disease such as acute viral hepatitis.
		It takes 70 pounds of milk thistle seeds to make one pound of extract purified to 70-80% silymarin (of which 80% is silybin, the most active and helpful constituent).
	www.liversupport.com /milkthistle.htm (1732 words)

	Milk Thistle : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., Research Update and Health Benefits of Milk Thistle
		Milk thistle's active ingredient is a flavonoid called silymarin, an antioxidant said to protect liver cells from toxins.
		Milk Thistle Extract is standardized to 80% silymarin, the key constituent that exerts a protective effect against substances potentially harmful to the liver.
		Milk Thistle extract is sold in a variety of concentrations including 70 percent silymarin, 80% silymarin or a 10 to 1 milk thistle extract.
	www.raysahelian.com /milkthistle.html (1476 words)

	Milk thistle
		Milk thistle is easy to grow, and it matures quickly, in less than a year.
		Side effects from milk thistle happen only rarely, but may include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, rash or other skin reactions, joint pain, impotence, and anaphylaxis (a life-threatening allergic reaction that causes throat tightness, shortness of breath, and, possibly, loss of consciousness.) The last two reactions listed are extremely rare.
		In addition, milk thistle may protect the kidneys against toxic side effects associated with cisplatin and cyclosporine, two medications that are commonly used to treat cancer.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/articles/milk-thistle-000266.htm (1822 words)

	Milk Thistle Supplement - Benefits & General Information
		The milk thistle plant (silybum marianum) is a member of the aster or daisy family and grows anywhere between 70 to 150 cm tall.
		Milk thistle grows wild and can be found alongside roads and in fields in Europe and much of North America.
		The milk thistle extract available from CNCA is standardized to 80 percent silymarin and 60% silybin, the most important constituent.
	www.cncahealth.com /milk-thistle.htm (407 words)

	Milk Thistle
		Milk thistle extract is most commonly recommended to counteract the harmful actions of alcohol on the liver.
		Milk thistle extract has been shown to protect the liver from the potentially damaging effect of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of psychosis.
		Milk thistle extract is virtually devoid of any side effects and may be used by most people, including pregnant and breast-feeding women.
	www.ghc.org /kbase/topic.jhtml?docId=hn-2130007&secId=hn-2130007-image (1118 words)

	Milk Thistle - October 1, 2005 - American Family Physician
		Milk thistle has been used as a cytoprotectant for the treatment of liver disease, for the treatment and prevention of cancer, and as a supportive treatment of Amanita phalloides poisoning.
		Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) was used in classical Greece to treat liver and gallbladder diseases and to protect the liver against toxins.
		Two meta-analyses of milk thistle for liver disease32,33 detail the major limitations of prior studies and conclude that data are insufficient to support its use at this time.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20051001/1285.html (2704 words)

	Milk thistle - Herbal Encyclopedia
		Milk thistle is a member of the aster family found throughout Europe.
		Milk thistle is featured in Hildegard of Bingen's Physica, the first herbal by a woman, written about 1150 and published in 1533, and other early European herbals mention its use for liver disease.
		German health authorities allow milk thistle preparations to be used in supportive treatment of chronic inflammatory liver disorders such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty infiltration caused by alcohol or other toxins.
	www.allnatural.net /herbpages/milk-thistle.shtml (535 words)

	Milk Thistle: Effects on Liver Disease and Cirrhosis and Clinical Adverse Effects: Summary of Evidence ...
		Evidence exists that milk thistle may be hepatoprotective through a number of mechanisms: antioxidant activity, toxin blockade at the membrane level, enhanced protein synthesis, antifibriotic activity, and possible anti-inflammatory or immunomodulating effects.
		However, there were nonsignificant trends favoring milk thistle in incidence of encephalopathy and gastrointestinal bleeding and in survival for subjects with concomitant hepatitis C. The second study, after treatment for 30 days, reported significant improvements in aminotransferases but not bilirubin for milk thistle compared with placebo.
		Available evidence is not sufficient to suggest whether milk thistle may be more effective for some liver diseases than others or if effectiveness might be related to duration of therapy or chronicity and severity of liver disease.
	www.ahrq.gov /clinic/epcsums/milktsum.htm (1871 words)

	Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) - RxList Herbal FAQ
		Milk Thistle may have the best bioavailability if it has been extracted in alcohol, as Silymarin, an important active constituent of Milk Thistle, is not as soluble in water.
		Side effects from correctly administered Milk Thistle usage are thought to be rare and it is usually considered to have a low toxicity.
		Milk thistle is indigenous to the South of Europe however today it can be found growing around the world.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/alt/milkthistle_faq.htm (851 words)

	Sloan-Kettering - Milk Thistle
		For example, when rats fed milk thistle are fed toxins and drugs that are known to be toxic to the liver, they are protected from liver damage compared to rats not given milk thistle.
		Milk thistle inhibits this enzyme, which may inhibit the breakdown of certain medications (for example, ketoconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, and triazolam), causing higher blood levels of these medications and in turn, possibly leading to increased adverse effects or toxicity.
		Milk thistle is used primarily to manage various liver diseases.
	www.mskcc.org /mskcc/html/11571.cfm?RecordID=420&tab=HC (1613 words)

	ACS :: Milk Thistle
		Milk thistle, a plant that belongs to the same family as daisies, is native to the Mediterranean regions and grows in Europe, North America, South America, and Australia.
		Milk thistle supplements are made from the ripe seed, which is actually the fruit of the plant.
		Commission E (Germany's regulatory agency for herbs) approved the use of milk thistle fruit (i.e., silymarin) as a treatment for toxic liver disease, and as a supportive treatment for chronic inflammatory liver disease and cirrhosis of the liver.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Milk_Thistle.asp?sitearea=ETO (1342 words)

	Milk Thistle
		Milk thistle, (also known as Silymarin), is commonly used to protect the liver from damage, as well as help the liver regenerate after damage has occurred.
		Milk thistle can be useful for those who use phenobarbitol, which can be toxic to the liver.
		Milk thistle can also have an effect on the absorption of some medications, because the liver is processing the substances more efficiently.
	www.canine-epilepsy.com /MilkThistle.html (607 words)

	Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) - MayoClinic.com
		Milk thistle has been used medicinally for over 2,000 years, most commonly for the treatment of liver and gallbladder disorders.
		There are early reports from laboratory experiments that the chemicals silymarin and silibinin in milk thistle reduce the growth of human breast, cervical, and prostate cancer cells.
		Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a systematic cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/silymarin/NS_patient-milkthistle (1518 words)

	CIMER - Natural Standard - Milk Thistle - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
		Milk thistle appears to be well tolerated in recommended doses for up to six years.
		Milk thistle has been used historically to improve breast milk flow, and two brief studies of milk thistle in pregnant women reported no side effects.
		Milk thistle ingredients have been reported to prevent amiodarone toxicity in animal studies.
	www.mdanderson.org /departments/cimer/display.cfm?id=ac77e3cf-b890-449f-badddedbb67d6cba&method=displayfull&pn=6eb86a59-ebd9-11d4-810100508b603a14 (1874 words)

	Physician's Grade Milk Thistle - Living Pharmacy
		Milk Thistle is one of the most widely prescribed herbal supplements on the market today.
		Milk Thistle's active ingredients are alcohol soluble and need alcohol for the body to absorb them easily, even if only in trace amounts.
		Milk Thistle protects and regenerates the liver in most liver diseases such as Hepatitis, Cirrhosis (hardening of the Liver), Jaundice, and Cholangitis (inflammation of bile ducts resulting in decreased bile flow).
	www.livingpharm.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/product.display/product_id/11 (470 words)

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