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Topic: Milkfish

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	ABOUT BANGUS
		Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal), locally known as "bangus" or "bangos", is the predominant species being cultured in the Philippines.
		Milkfish production represents one of the main sectors of the nation's fishery industry.Fish culture is distinct from the marine and inland capture fisheries in that its research and development is like that of animal husbandry which requires a different approach.
		Milkfish is the only species in the Family Chanidae and is most closely related to carps and catfishes.
	www.bar.gov.ph /Agritech/Fisheries/Bangus/bangus_description.htm (454 words)

	Nauru : research & development > Milkfish
		Milkfish farming was once a traditionally significant practice on Nauru.
		Milkfish farming trials using synthetic liners or concrete ponds are being undertaken and this has not progressed beyond research.
		However one of the constraints for BLOA is the regular supply of milkfish frys to restock the lagoon after harvest.
	www.spc.int /aquaculture/site/countries/nauru/research/milkfish.asp?ou=research&localisation=research&pays=nauru&country_dir=nauru&country_name=Nauru (188 words)

	Commodities : Milkfish
		· Milkfish is a warm water species and prefers water temperatures between 20-33 °C. · Unlike many other large saltwater fish it is herbivorous and feeds on cyanophyta (lingbya), diatoms and other similar food items.
		· Since milkfish is herbivorous, culture is by the extensive method where large bodies of pond waters over 1 to 5 hectares are fertilised with organic and/or inorganic fertilisers to enhance primary production.
		Fry are caught from the shallow tidal pools and lagoons and stocked in pre-fertilised culture ponds often at densities of 30-50 fry per square metre.
	www.spc.int /aquaculture/site/commodities/milkfish.asp (532 words)

	StrikeZone - Milkfish on Fly
		Milkfish are occasionally caught in other areas of Australia, like Darwin Harbor, where fish feeding happens on regular bases their eating habits have changed over time, now these fish have evolved to eat bread and can be caught on bread imitation flies.
		Milkfish are a very spooky fish; the slightest movement by a wader in close proximity to fish can set off apparent relaxed school into an eruption.
		To take a Milkfish on fly is spectacular to say the least, when a fish decides to take, it will break from the school, grab your fly while shaking its head for side to side.
	www.strikezonesportsfish.com.au /milkfish_on_fly.html (880 words)

	RPOMilkfish
		The Latin for milkfish is Chanos chanos, and is detrived from 'open-mouthed', a reference to its habit of cruising with its mouth open.
		Milkfish is the 10th most primitive ray-finned fish in the world.
		Milkfish are found in over 70 countries in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
	www.solomujeres2.com /RPOMilkfish.html (410 words)

	MavicaNET - Ханосовые (Chanidae) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Milkfish is one of the most important food fishes throughout S.E. Asia and much of the Pacific, but it is relatively uncommon on Guam.
		Adult Milkfish occur in a variety of habitats, from shallow inner lagoons to the outer reef slope.
		Milkfish are an important species for aquaculture in some areas of the Far East.
	www.mavicanet.ru /lite/rus/24787.html?sortby=1 (265 words)

	Ch06
		Although the Philippine milkfish industry has been generally characterized as largely stagnant with perennial low yields, nonetheless, several of the milkfish producers contacted for interview are among the relatively well-to-do members of their communities.
		Because the 324 milkfish farms chosen for the survey purposely excluded those that used no inputs, the results are indicative of the extent of input use between private and government-leased farms.
		About 34 per cent of the milkfish farmers intended to maintain their present level of operations, due primarily to the lack of land to expand and lack of capital; the remaining 10 per cent were either undecided or had no response.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/80346e/80346E06.htm (4064 words)

	Table of contents
		Milkfish are indigenous to the Indo-Pacific region and are common throughout the Pacific islands, including in Samoa.
		Milkfish are tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions, including periods without feed and overcrowded conditions.
		Milkfish can be purchased as fry and grown out to tuna bait size (around 15 cm) in 45 to 90 days.
	www.tradeinvestsamoa.ws /investing_in_samoa/sector_studies/fisheries_sec/milkfish.htm (1913 words)

	Golden Ina Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Milkfish larvae fed rotifers and Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acid and Vitamin C had better growth and resistance to salinity stress and lower incidence of deformities.
		For milkfish in semi-intensive ponds, it is more cost efficient to give 24%-protein diet with balanced amino acids at a feeding rate of 4% of body weight daily, but supplemental feeding should not exceed 38 kg/ha-day to maintain good water quality.
		Milkfish do not feed in the morning when the dissolved oxygen is low, and feeding may be timed at mid-morning once oxygen exceeds 2 ppm.
	www.golden-ina.com /export.asp (1952 words)

	Chanidae (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Milkfish are herbivores and eat diatoms, blue-green algae, filamentous algae, and occasionally some animals, such as nematodes and copepods.
		The farming of milkfish is an important industry in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Taiwan.
		Records of pond-reared milkfish in Hawaii go back 300 years, when many ponds were located along the coast; today the few milkfish ponds still rely on wild-caught fish for stocking.
	www.uaex.edu /pperschbacher/Fish/Milkfish.htm (462 words)

	Ch08
		Of the 11 explanatory variables hypothesized to explain variation in milkfish output, six are significant in the per hectare specification and seven in the per-farm specification.
		Similarly, milkfish fingerlings as stocking materials are found to be significant in explaining milkfish output, For every 1 per cent increase in stocking rate, an increase of 0,10-0.14 per cent in output can be expected.
		Predation on milkfish is reported as a common problem, yet necessary measures taken to rid the ponds of these predators are apparently not adequate.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/80346e/80346E08.htm (2518 words)

	Milkfish - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The milkfish (Chanos chanos) is an important food fish in Southeast Asia.
		It is the sole living species in the family Chanidae (about seven extinct species in five additional genera have been reported).
		Milkfish have a generally symmetrical and streamlined appearance, with a sizable forked caudal fin.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Chanidae (190 words)

	Milkfish
		The Milkfish reaches 6 feet in length and is normally found in the first 50 feet of the water column over sandy bottoms.
		The Milkfish is of limited interest in Mexico due to its rarity, but it is a main food fish in Southeast Asia and has been farmed for at least 700 years in ponds and coastal enclosures at a level of 500,000 tons per annum.
		Milkfish, Chanos chanos: Caught by Drew Bailey Henderson at the Marietas Islands, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, June 8, 2005, with Capt. Fredy, The Magnifico, Bloodhound Charters.
	www.mexfish.com /fish/milk/milk.htm (405 words)

	Delicious Milkfish (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although present in the entire indopacific area with water temperatures above 20 degrees, the milkfish belongs to the national symbols of the Philippines and it appears in folk tales as "king of fish".
		The milkfish is comparable with a herring in large size or a grey mullet.
		Milkfish is relatively simple to farm, it grows up quickly and it is relatively immune to illnesses.
	home.arcor.de /be/bethge/milkfish.htm (2111 words)

	Potential of milkfish farming development in fiji
		Spawning of female milkfish in the sea is still an unstudied activity, although assumptions have been made by scientists regarding the season and time of the fish maturity and consequent hatching.
		Milkfish fry are late postlarvae 10–17 mm in total length (average about 14 mm) which are caught from shore waters when they are about 2–3 weeks old from the time of spawning.
		Recovered milkfish fingerlings could not be kept alive due to their stress during the seining and draining of the ponds, although some were able to find their way to some grow-out ponds nearby.
	www.fao.org /docrep/005/AC893E/AC893E02.htm (3939 words)

	Semi-intensive culture of Milkfish
		Milkfish will grow to the marketable size of 250 g in three months at an average growth rate of 2.2 g/day.
		Expect the milkfish to grow bigger during the dry season at an average growth rate of 3 g/day.
		Harvesting milkfish that have attained the marketable size can be done either through the current method locally called as pasubang or the total draining method.
	www.da.gov.ph /tips/milkfish.html (1670 words)

	Bureau Of Fisheries And Aquatic Resources - ONLINE
		The milkfish industry however, is still confronted with problems such as inadequate fry supply, high cost of farm inputs, lack of technology for value-added, lack of manpower to effectively transfer technology, and multi-layered marketing system.
		Milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) belongs to the Chanidae family which is nearly related to tuna and salmon because of its fusiform shape and migratory nature.
		Milkfish is popularly cultured in the Philippines because it is a better food-converter species.
	www.bfar.da.gov.ph /programs/commodity_rdmap/milkfish.htm (834 words)

	Milkfish
		Milkfish have been a major farm fish in tropical countries for hundreds of years but are difficult to catch in the wild.
		Milkfish (bangus) is a most delicious fish, with just one problem - it's the fish of a million bones.
		Most of the milkfish's tasty flesh is nearly white but there's a thin dark layer just under the skin and a dark line lengthwise in the center of each side.
	www.clovegarden.com /ingred/sf_milkz.html (1235 words)

	Development of Pacific Threadfin and Milkfish Growout Technology and Production of Live Feeds and Seedstock
		Milkfish fingerlings from these trials were used to conduct a swordfish longline trial from March 20 through April 1, 1997, aboard the NOAA research vessel “Townsend Cromwell” in cooperation with Dr. Chris Boggs of the Honolulu lab.
		Boggs agreed to compare the use of live milkfish and dead bait in alternating baskets, which are a series of hooks differentiated by the distance between buoys that keep the mainline afloat.
		The milkfish were arranged in groups of approximately 50 on either the beginning, middle or end of the longline set.
	library.kcc.hawaii.edu /external/ctsa/aar99/aar99_thread.htm (5935 words)

	Sipuk - Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Milkfish is one type of fish which is common to people.
		Furthermore, milkfish is known as a tough animal, which means that it can live in not only fresh water and salty water but also brackish one.
		From the consumption aspect, milkfish is a source of healthy protein since this protein does not contain cholesterol.
	www.bi.go.id /sipuk/en/lm/mutiara/pendahuluan.asp (355 words)

	[No title]
		Milkfish are traditionally cultured in shallow, brackish water ponds in which the growth of benthic algae is encouraged through fertilization of the ponds.
		Milkfish are also good bait for tuna fishing and the the marketing of bait fish is underdeveloped because of the restricted availability and cost of milkfish fingerlings.
		Bagarinao, T.U., 1991: Biology of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal).
	www.larvalbase.org /MiniEssay.htm (3204 words)

	Milkfish on a fly \| Saltwater Fly Fishing Portal
		Milkfish are occasionally caught in other areas of Australia, like Darwin Harbor, where fish feeding happens on regular bases their eating habits have changed over time, now these fish have evolved to eat bread and can be caught on bread imitation flies.
		Milkfish are a very spooky fish; the slightest movement by a wader in close proximity to fish can set off apparent relaxed school into an eruption.
		To take a Milkfish on fly is spectacular to say the least, when a fish decides to take, it will break from the school, grab your fly while shaking its head for side to side.
	www.saltwaterflyfishers.com /wfsection-article.articleid-24.htm (897 words)

	aquaculture » Print » Milkfish culture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the Philippines there has been a steady and substantial demand for milkfish or bangus as is known locally.
		According to the Philippine Department of Agriculture, milkfish ‘has been doing well in the international market with Philippine export of frozen or chilled bangus reaching over 526 metric tons or some P8.5 million annually.’ The Philippine Department of Agriculture has published an [1] overview of the semi-intensive culture of milkfish.
		However, the available publications are scattered, and no attempt has been made in recent years to consolidate this information so that a concise appraisal can be made of the entire milkfish resource system, from fry gathering through dealers and nursery, rearing pond, and fishpen operators to marketing.
	aquaculture.ako.net.nz /?p=128&print=1 (219 words)

	MilkFish Project - Background and Rationale
		Although natural availability of milkfish fry in coastal waters provided the incentives for widespread and extensive adoption of milkfish aquaculture in these countries in the earlier decades, limited and unstable supply of wild fry were considered a major constraint to the sustenance of the milkfish aquaculture industry during the last two decades.
		Although milkfish aquaculture is dominant in all three countries, the growth path of the development of the industry had been different in each.
		In view of the integral nature of the milkfish industry in the region, an examination of the production, market and policy structures of the milkfish industry in the three countries will provide better understanding and insights into the constraints and opportunities for future growth of the industry in producing countries of the region.
	www.worldfishcenter.org /Milkfish_Project/Rationale.htm (972 words)

	Mullets, Threadfin, Bonefish, Milkfish, and Ladyfish
		The Milkfish is a robust but streamlined fish with a single dorsal fin and deeply forked tail.
		Milkfish are found throughout the Indo-Pacific and are often raised in aquaculture.
		Like Milkfishes and Bonefishes they have a single dorsal fin and deeply forked tails but their mouths are large and the lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper.
	www.coralreefnetwork.com /stender/fishes/mullets/mullets.htm (401 words)

	World Aquaculture Society - The Backyard Milkfish Hatcheries of Bali (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This article is reprinted from the "The Advocate" by kind permission of the author, Susan Heerin, Advocate editor Darryl Jory and the Global Aquaculture Alliance.
		The production period for milkfish fry is 16-20 days, or about ten cycles a year.
		The new species were a welcomed addition and provided the means and necessary flexibility to their customers to rotate production of milkfish and grouper as dictated by the market.
	www.was.org /Main/WasArticle_pf.asp?Article=2 (1305 words)

	SEAFDEC AQD - MILKFISH Chanos chanos
		A small-scale milkfish hatchery could require capital investment ranging from P250,000 to P450,000, including working capital for two runs.
		AQD provided the technology to the Philippine government's National Bangus Breeding Program that was started in 1981 until it was privatized in 1995.
		Training courses on milkfish hatchery were offered as early as 1984; and the first commercial hatchery mass-produced fry in 1991.
	www.seafdec.org.ph /commodities/milkfish.html (232 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for milkfish
		Chanidae (milkfish, salmon-herring; subclass Actinopterygii, order Gonorynchiformes) A monospecific family (Chanos chanos), comprising a fish whose streamlined body and long, deeply forked tail fin give it a graceful appearance.
		RP to slash milkfish fry importation; Countrya[euro][TM]s deficit to reach 700 M.(Provincial News)
		Cooked Stuffed Milkfish (Rellenong Bangus) is being shipped to markets in North America and elsewhere by Seachamp International Export Corp. of Pasay City, the Philippines.(New Fish and Seafood Products)(Brief Article)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=milkfish (257 words)

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