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Topic: Millenium Bridge

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London Millennium Bridge

Gateshead

	Millennium Bridge (London) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bridge alignment is such that a clear view of St Paul's south facade is presented from across the river, framed by the bridge supports, thus providing one of London's most photogenic views of the cathedral.
		The bridge has two river piers and is made of three main sections of 81m, 144m and 108m (North to South) with a total structure length of 325m; the aluminium deck is 4m wide.
		The bridge was completed at a cost of £18.2m (£2.2m over budget) and opened on June 10, 2000 (2 months late) but unexpected lateral vibration (resonant structural response) caused the bridge to be closed on June 12 for modifications.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/London_Millennium_Bridge (934 words)

	Gateshead Millenium Bridge
		The most recent bridge to be built on the Tyne, arguably the most stunning and certainly the most unusual.
		As the celebrations for the Millenium approached, the Millenium Commission was prepared to pay half the costs of outstanding projects to which it gave its approval, and Gateshead council submitted a bid for funding after a competition was held for a design for an attractive new bridge.
		Meanwhile the actual bridge was being constructed by Watson Steel of Bolton (the arch and deck), the opening mechanism in Sheffield while the frame was assembled locally at the Amec Yard at Wallsend.
	www.bridgesonthetyne.co.uk /gmb.html (328 words)

	Millennium Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Architects goal when designing the bridge was to give the pedestrians a great view of the city while being a symbol of strength and innovation.[2]The architects and engineers worked together to design a suspension bridge with exceptionally low cables so that the view of the city was obstructed as little as possible.
		When it first became apparent that the bridge was unstable and that it could prove to be potentially unsafe it was important for the managers of this project to admit that they had made a mistake and close the bridge before any damage could be done.
		That all three of the other bridges studied experienced lateral movement caused by pedestrians and when the number of pedestrians on the bridge was high enough the swaying was even visible on one bridge.
	www.pitt.edu /~jpk15/millennium.html (1808 words)

	Build a Dublin Millenium Bridge
		One of the most famous bridges in the world, the Rialto Bridge in Venice, was the winner of a design contest to replace a wooden span which collapsed when a crowd gathered to watch a boat race pass beneath.
		The architect not only built a bridge which lasted hundreds of years (until Serb artillery destroyed it in the 1990's) but he also took the precaution of skedaddling outside the Sultan's domain before the official opening.
		In the words of one enthusiast "As the eye follows the path of this bridge, it is constantly halted, and forced to change direction.
	www.dublinlodge.com /dublopag/bridge2.htm (793 words)

	Lune Millennium Bridge
		The bridge is of cable-stayed construction, as are most major new bridges nowadays; unique features include the curved deck which sweeps round to join the old viaduct at the southern end, the gangway which gives access from the quayside and the twin masts which support the structure.
		The bridge is a vital component in the National Cycle Network, a nation-wide project supported by the Millennium Commission and promoted by Sustrans, to establish a connected system of traffic-free and lightly-trafficked routes throughout the country.
		The bridge has not been without its critics, and a vigorous campaign to stifle the project at birth was conducted by residents of the smart riverside flats on the Quay, headed by the artist Geoff Woodhead, adducing a number of practical and aesthetic objections.
	www.lunemillenniumbridge.info (1454 words)

	the millennium bridge
		As with all bridge structures, the Millennium Bridge is subject to a degree of movement.
		Arup has warned other bridge designers of their findings and the British Standard code of bridge loading is being updated to cover the phenomenon, now becoming referred to as Synchronous Lateral Excitation.
		This instinctive behavior ensures that the sideways forces we exert match the resonant frequency of the bridge, and are timed such as to increase the motion of the bridge.
	www.arup.com /MillenniumBridge/challenge (340 words)

	VIBRATION OF THE LONDON MILLENNIUM FOOTBRIDGE: PART 1 - CAUSE
		The bridge is over 300 metres long with three spans, the longest being the centre span of 144 metres.
		It was decided immediately to limit the number of people on the bridge, but even so the deck movement was sufficient to be uncomfortable and to raise concern for public safety so that on 12 June the bridge was closed until the problem could be solved.
		This instinctive behaviour ensures that the footfall forces are applied at a resonant frequency of the bridge, and with a phase such as to increase the motion of the bridge.
	www2.eng.cam.ac.uk /~den/ICSV9_06.htm (2076 words)

	DSGN119 - Millenium Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The history of bridges is littered with examples where structural integrity was sacrificed (usually unwittingly) to elegance.
		Whilst the bridge achieves elegance, and is apparently, structurally sound, the failure falls into that category of 'excessive elastic deflection', which people find psychologically disturbing to walk upon.
		A double curvature, as per the Bilbao bridge may have assisted in solving this problem, although the span might be too long for such a solution.
	www.tech.plym.ac.uk /sme/FailureCases/Millenium_Bridge.htm (91 words)

	Gateshead Millennium Bridge by Wilkinson Eyre
		Gateshead Millennium Bridge is one of several linked regeneration projects along 'Gateshead Quays', and plays the essential role of linking this area accessibly to the center of Newcastle.
		The simplicity of the idea, and the geometry of the curves at each stage of the bridge's move (and in its rest state) are superbly elegant.
		It is the bridge's design that requires these guide posts, but they show no sign of having been anticipated or treated as part of the esthetic design of the structure, which is a pity.
	www.galinsky.com /buildings/gatesheadbridge (377 words)

	Millenium Bridge
		H M The Queen crosses the bridge to Newcastle and is joined by His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh.
		The bridge, opening in Summer 2001, is designed to open and close like an eye, with an arch span of 105 metres.
		The sections of the bridge were made in Bolton, Lancashire and assembled at the AMEC yard in Wallsend.
	www.14theweb.co.uk /bridge.html (672 words)

	Millennium Bridge London by Foster
		The Millennium Bridge is the first new bridge across the river Thames in London since Tower Bridge opened in 1894, and it is the first ever designed for pedestrians only.
		During this day and the next two days a huge amount of people crossed the bridge producing a sway movement that was far greater than expected; in order to fully investigate and resolve the issue the decision was taken to close the bridge on 12th June 2001.
		The Millennium Bridge is situated between Blackfriars Bridge and Southwark Bridge on the river Thames in London.
	www.galinsky.com /buildings/millenniumbridge/index.htm (499 words)

	Kelsey Connects the Millenium Bridge
		The beautiful 325m long Millennium Bridge, which spans the Thames between St. Paul's Cathedral on the north bank and the Tate Modern on the south, opened on 10 June 2000 as London’s first new Thames crossing in more than 100 years.
		Engineers to the Millennium Bridge, Arup, have since installed giant dampers to act as shock absorbers for the structure and are now in the final stages of testing the bridge prior to its long-awaited re-opening.
		For this particular project the challenge was to devise a communications system which would allow engineers to communicate from one side of the bridge to the other in both directions as well as to those on the bridge itself.
	www.kelseyweb.co.uk /News/Milbridge.htm (384 words)

	Millennium Bridge over the River Thames, joining the Tate Modern and St Paul's London - photos, history and background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Using cutting edge design, the new bridge would have a profile 6 times shallower than a conventional suspension bridge, with the bridge being supported by eight highly tensioned cables on each side of the deck, anchored at each abutment and propped by two river supports.
		Such was the interest in the new bridge that when it opened to the public on 10 June 2000, an estimated 80,000 to 100,000 people crossed it.
		While work continued on the bridge, visitors were treated to the occasional sight of hundreds of paid volunteers walking over the bridge in army-type formations as the engineers battled to correct the swaying.
	www.urban75.org /london/millennium.html (932 words)

	Brit Valley Railway Structures - Millenium Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is a drawing of the bow-string arch bridge that will pass over the River Brit.
		The bridge will be constructed in square hollow section steel, with all welded construction.
		This is a drawing of the bow-string arch bridge springing point and lower boom connection.
	www.wdi.co.uk /bvr/bridge1.htm (95 words)

	Millenium Bridge, York - Yorkshire - UK Attraction
		This design is significant as the bridge was intended to provide a strategic crossing place for some of York’s many cyclists.
		The bridge quickly became popular with more than 2,000 users per day, more than half of these were cyclists.
		As well as linking York’s bicycle routes the bridge is an extremely pleasant place to walk from Ouse Bridge and return on the opposite bank of the river after crossing the Millenium Bridge.
	www.ukattraction.com /yorkshire/millenium-bridge.htm (193 words)

	BBC News \| In Depth \| Millennium Bridge
		The Millennium Bridge opened on 10 June 2000 as London’s first new Thames crossing in more than 100 years.
		The bridge uses "lateral suspension" - an engineering innovation that allows suspension bridges to be built without tall supporting columns.
		The designers predicted it would be a "blade of light" across the Thames, "an absolute statement of our capabilities at the beginning of the 21st century".
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2000/millennium_bridge/default.stm (147 words)

	BBC/OU Open2.net - Science Shack - Millennium Bridge science
		The Millennium Bridge is the first bridge to be built across the Thames for a hundred years.
		Spanning some 320 metres the Millennium Bridge is the longest pedestrian suspension bridge in the world.
		They had also made sure that the natural frequency the bridge would move at - called the resonance - was different to the frequency caused by people walking on the bridge.
	www.open2.net /scienceshack/millenium_bridge_science.html (318 words)

	Millenium Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It was built at about the same time as the London Eye and the Millenium Dome for the celebrations of the turn of the millennium.
		This resulted in enclosure of the bridge shortly after it was inaugurated.
		The 144m span holds up by 8 cables, 120 mm in diametre that pulls 2000 tonnes each when the bridge is fully loaded.
	hem.passagen.se /emil-asker/Old/Milleniumbridge.htm (174 words)

	[No title]
		built for the millenium but not really finished until 2002.
		most people i know liked the unstable bridge - it was perfectly safe....
		night out stoke newington millenium bridge marble arch saint pauls towers dalston market london eye tube
	members.lycos.co.uk /giselleryan/millbridge.html (63 words)

	The World According To Google - satellite pictures of the most interesting places on the World, satellite maps » ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a foot and cycle bridge spanning the River Tyne in England between Gateshead on the south bank, and Newcastle upon Tyne on the north bank.
		The bridge was lifted into place in one piece by the Asian Hercules II, one of the world's largest floating cranes, on 20 November 2000.
		The bridge, which cost £22m to build, was part funded by the Millennium Commission and European Regional Development Fund.
	maps.pomocnik.com /gateshead-millenium-bridge-newcastle-england (543 words)

	Do It on Dublin's Millenium Bridge
		The first stick to emerge from under the bridge is the winner.
		Just like the HaPenny Bridge which collected tolls in the early 1800's of a half penny, this promises to be hugely successful IPO.
		The winner of a design contest with 153 entries, the bridge is, in the words of the designing firm, "simple, lightweight, transparent and structurally daring." The design features an "asymmetrical parabolic arch" which accommodates wheelchairs and pedestrians.
	www.dublinlodge.com /dublopag/bridge3.htm (1238 words)

	BBC/OU Open2.net - Science Shack - Millennium Bridge - diary
		Uncover the explanation for the Millennium Bridge wobble.
		Lynda and Ruth are sticking plastic drinking straws together, building a metaphorical ‘Wobbly Bridge’ which will later demonstrate the fragility of Man’s ‘designs’ on the millennium.
		Jem tells us that he was impressed by the understated way the curator did this ‘art deal’ with him and looks forward to an exhibition of his works at the Tate Modern.
	www.open2.net /scienceshack/millenium_diary.html (779 words)

	Gateshead Millennium Bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Huge hydraulic rams, one on each side, tilt the bridge back on special pivots to allow small ships and boats to pass underneath.
		The construction of the bridge won the architects Wilkinson Eyre the 2002 Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Stirling Prize.
		In 2005, the bridge received the Outstanding Structure Award from IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge (370 words)

	Millenium Bridge in Southwark
		It's been described as yet another millennium bungle for London, but there is still no set date for when the Millenium Bridge is to reopen after it was shut down in June last year just a few days after opening because of severe swaying.
		The bridge is a 330m pedestrian bridge linking the City of London at St Paul's Cathedral with the new Tate Gallery at Bankside.
		The winning team for the bridge was announced in December 1996, after an international competition.
	www.myse1.co.uk /southwark/arts-milleniumbridge.htm (172 words)

	The Civil Engineering Portal - Failure Watch - 2000 London
		This newly completed bridge in London had to be closed because it swayed.
		Bridge spans - and sways over - Thames River
		Millennium Bridge faces six months of closure and more work
	www.icivilengineer.com /Failure_Watch/2000_London (108 words)

	Millenium Bridge - useful links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This gateway site will give you links to information and photographs about the Gateshead Millenium Bridge and the other developments along the Gateshead Quays.
		It also has information about the Tyne bridge, including pictures of its construction and past events related to it.
		This is the site for the company that owns the huge crane, The Asian Hercules II, which brought the bridge up the River Tyne in November 2000 from the construction yard at Wallsend.
	www.northerngrid.org /ngflwebsite/numeracy/millbridge/mblinks.htm (140 words)

	Bennett Associates - Prime Ministers award for Gateshead Millenium Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Gateshead Millenium Bridge scheme was one of the finalists in this years' Prime Minsters award for better Public Building.
		The special award celebrates the excellence achieved both in design quality and procurement practices and is made annually to a new building project of any size, commission by or on behalf of central or local government or by a grant-aided organisation.
		Paul Finch OBE, Deputy Chairman of the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, who is one of the judges for the award will be there to present the plaque to the Leader of Gateshead Council, Cllr Mick Henry.
	www.bennettmg.co.uk /News/news_prime_ministers_award.html (158 words)

	SkyscraperCity - Millenium bridge vs Millenium bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		while the bridge in London is an elegant span over the river using minimal supporting structure to have minimal visual impact, note the suspension structure is as close to the horizontal of the bridge as technologically possible which is pretty much at the leading edge of bridge engineering.
		I havent been on the Newcastle bridge but the sense of floating above the Thames is a great feeling with Normans Fosters design, definitely joins the small list of Londons great bridges.
		September 26th, 2005 03:55 PM Foster is not a renowed bridge designer but has done tremendously well on the London millenium bridge.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /printthread.php?t=257400 (726 words)

	ShutterPoint Photography - Newcastle Millenium Bridge
		Newcastle Millenium Bridge, newcastle, tyne and wear, England, UK, bridge, beautiful, wonderful, architecture, eye blinking.
		How it all began In 1996 Gateshead Council launched a competition to find a bridge that would link developments on both sides of the River Tyne and also complement the existing six bridges crossing the river.
		The brief was to create a bridge for pedestrians and cyclists that: * Allowed ships to pass underneath; * Did not overshadow the world famous view of the existing bridges; * Didn’t obstruct the Quayside.
	www.shutterpoint.com /Photos-ViewPhoto.cfm?id=367367 (380 words)

	Millennium Bridge - York (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		York's stunning £4.2m Millennium Bridge was finally opened by the City's Lord Mayor Coun Shan Braund on April 10, 2001.
		The York Millennium Bridge is a 21st century accomplishment.
		The high strength stainless steel arch has been refined to such extreme slenderness that it is almost impossible to believe that it can support such weight.
	www.vryork.com /millennium_bridge_qtvr (135 words)

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