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Topic: Mimicry

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	MIMICRY - LoveToKnow Article on MIMICRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hence it is probable that this case of mimicry is purely of a protective and not of an aggressive nature and serves to save the flies from destruction by insectivorous enemies.
		Another instance of mimicry affecting the larval form is supplied by the moth Endromis versicolor, the caterpillars of which resemble the inedible larvae of saw-flies.
		This is a not uncommon occurrence, and in the case of Batesian mimicry the explanation is probably this.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MI/MIMICRY.htm (8617 words)

	mimicry on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(When the latter results from pigmentation it is classed as protective coloration.) Mimicry serves either to protect the mimic from its predators, as when the model is inedible or dangerous, or to deceive its prey (e.g., certain ant-eating spiders that themselves resemble ants).
		Mimicry occurs in both plants and animals but is most prevalent among insects, particularly butterflies and moths.
		Examples of mimicry are the resemblance of the viceroy butterfly to the monarch butterfly, which is repugnant to birds; harmless nettles that resemble stinging nettles; and the many fishes, crabs, and slugs of the Sargasso Sea that resemble the floating seaweed masses they inhabit.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m1/mimicry.asp (537 words)

	Mimicry - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mimicry evolved by means of natural selection as a method to protect prey or for predators to deceive prey specific to their natal environment.
		Aggressive mimicry differs from both molecular and evolving mimicry in that predators specifically use it; the predator mimics a behavioral signal that is attractive or deceptive to its prey.
		The reasoning behind the decrease in effectiveness of mimicry upon removing species from their natal environments into foreign environments, lies in the concept of protective coloration that is employed by the model species, and thus the mimic species as well.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Mimicry (1055 words)

	Mimicry: An Example Of Adaptation
		Mimicry is one of several anti-predatory devices found in nature.
		Batesian mimicry is most effective when the mimic is rare and its emergence follows that of the model.
		Mimicry, as opposed to camouflage and warning coloration, is specifically the resemblance between two organisms.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/mimicry.html (608 words)

	Mimicry [MT Dorak]
		Mullerian mimicry could be considered not to be true mimicry because the receiver is not actually deceived and it is not obvious which organism is the model and which one is the mimic.
		Aggressive mimicry: The organism mimics a signal that is attractive or deceptive to its prey.
		Host mimicry by parasites, in which the host is both the model and receiver, is an extension of aggressive mimicry.
	dorakmt.tripod.com /evolution/mimicry.html (550 words)

	Homi Bhabha: The Location of Culture, Of mimicry and man
		Mimicry is, thus the sign of a double articulation; a complex strategy of reform, regulation and discipline, which 'appropriates' the Other as it visualizes power.
		Mimicry is also the sign of the inappropriate, however, a difference or recalcitrance which coheres the dominant strategic function of colonial power, intensifies surveillance, and poses an immanent threat to both 'normalized' knowledges and disciplinary powers.
		Mimicry, as the metonymy of presence is, indeed, such an erratic, eccentric strategy of authority in colonial discourse.
	prelectur.stanford.edu /lecturers/bhabha/mimicry.html (2896 words)

	Chemical Mimicry in Pollination
		In a system of chemical mimicry, a single compound or a mixture of compounds is produced by an organism to elicit a specific behavioral response by an organism of a different species.
		Visual mimicry of female insects by the flowers was believed to be the main factor in these relationships until 1961 when Kullenberg first suggested that chemical mimicry may also play a role (Kullenberg 1961).
		Cost/Benefit of Pollination Mimicry One question that is often debated in the literature is whether or not pollinators are impaired by their participation in these systems where no reward is received for their pollination efforts.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1996/bernklau.html (3710 words)

	EcoFactor - Mimicry and Insect Predation Avoidance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mimicry is the resemblance of an organism (mimic) in color, form, and/or pattern to another organism (model).
		Mullerian mimicry involves both the model and the mimic being distasteful or harmful.
		This type of mimicry is the advantage gained by some members of a species from their resemblance to others of the same species.
	www.ecofactor.com /article-11.html (455 words)

	Insect Behavior Review Articles 1997
		Mimicry rings are distributed in the canopy in the reverse of the order expected based on thermal grounds: dark-colored mimicry rings, which absorb heat faster, are often found higher in the canopy than pale mimicry rings, suggesting that thermal ecology is unimportant (Papageorgis, 1975).
		Mimicry and flight height are an important pat of the is research relative to the forest canopy, and methods given by Papageorgis, (1974) recorded the height at which mimetic butterflies entered the forest canopy from logged areas.
		Correlations between mimicry, habitat, and behavior cannot be dismissed on the grounds of phylogenetic inertia because members of the two major taxonomic groups of Heliconius, the erato-group and the melpomene-group (Eltringham, 1916; Brown, 1981; Brower,1994a), are represented in two and three mimicry rings, respectively (Mallet and Gilbert, 1995).
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_1997/wathen.html (3095 words)

	The Arts of Deception - MIMICRY AND CAMOUFLAGE in the Rainforest
		Batesian mimicry is named for Henry Walter Bates, a British scientist who studied mimicry in Amazonian butterflies during the mid and late nineteenth century.
		Batesian mimicry refers to two or more species that are similar in appearance, but only one is armed with spines, stingers, or toxic chemistry, while its apparent double lacks these traits.
		Self mimicry is a misleading term for animals that have one body part that mimics another to increase survival during an attack or helps predators appear innocuous.
	www.mongabay.com /0306.htm (884 words)

	Mimicry versus Hybridity, by Alfred Russel Wallace
		Mimicry is most frequent between very distinct families or higher groups, and often between different orders of insects.
		We do not know, for instance, if such mimicry would be any defence against parasites who may be guided by smell rather than sight; and from the frequent limitation of certain odours and secretions to whole genera or families, the variations necessary to produce them may be of rare occurrence.
		It is not improbable, from the rarity of mimicry in the temperate zone, that the few cases which exist may have been produced under the more favourable climatal and organic conditions of the semi-tropical epochs anterior to the glacial period.
	www.wku.edu /~charles.smith/wallace/S179.htm (489 words)

	Butterfly Mimicry
		The use of mimicry is prevalent throughout nature and is a prime example of evolution by natural selection.
		Known as "Mullerian" mimicry the difference between these two forms of mimicry is that the "Batesian" mimics have no protection of their own and "Mullerian" mimics already have a form of protection.
		This is an example of protective colouration and not mimicry because the intent is not to draw attention.
	home.cogeco.ca /~lunker/mimicry.htm (1281 words)

	Mimicry and Camouflage - Wikibooks
		The most common example of this type of mimicry can be found in some moths and butterflies who flash eye spots on their wings to predators.
		Mullerian mimicry proves to be successful as the predator only has to be exposed to one of the species in order to learn to stay away from all the other species with the same warning color patterns.
		Mimicry is a very successful antipredator device that species have evolved over many generations.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Mimicry_and_Camouflage (751 words)

	MIMICRY - Online Information article about MIMICRY
		Ceylon the harmless Colubrine Lycodon aulicus is alleged to mimic Bungarus ceylonicus, an ally of the deadly krait of India.
		Finally the larva of one of the Bornean Mantidae, which is a floral simulator in its pupal and adult stages, closely resembles in its fl and red coloration the larva of the stinking and warningly coloured y Eulyes amoena.
		It has therefore been suggested by some and taken for granted by others that the resemblance comes under the category of aggressive mimicry and that the ants are deluded by this resemblance into regarding the spiders as members of their own species.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MIC_MOL/MIMICRY.html (7824 words)

	Neural Plasticity and the Issue of Mimicry Tasks in L2 Pronunciation Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If the mimicry skills of the children here were an indicator of long-range potential in L2 accent, one would have to predict a substantial "foreign" accent in L2 for all the children, even with optimal exposure to the L2 at an early age.
		Instead, individuals exhibiting mimicry skill are likely to have that ability throughout the lifetime, but it is very doubtful that [-14-] there is any connection between such skill and either neural plasticity or a vestigial language acquisition device.
		If mimicry skill is not related to neural plasticity in children, it is probably not possible to invoke neural plasticity as a basis for superior performance by adolescents and/or adults.
	www-writing.berkeley.edu /TESL-EJ/ej12/a1.html (7848 words)

	Ants, beetles and spiders
		The first is classical Batesian mimicry in which the mimic is edible or non-venomous and the model is either distasteful or venomous.
		A third is Peckhamian mimicry, or aggressive mimicry, in which the model is the prey of the mimic.
		As for beetle mimicry, there may have been only a few beetles available as models, jumping spiders have had limited genetic potential for evolving resemblance to many beetles, or there may be some combination of these factors to account for the limited examples.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artfeb00/drspider.html (1813 words)

	EVOLUTION: ON MIMICRY
		Batesian mimicry is essentially parasitic: a prey species evolves to look like a species that is unattractive to predators (because it is poisonous, for example), and in so doing degrades the effectiveness of the signals used by the inedible species to warn off predators.
		By contrast, Müllerian mimicry involves two unpalatable species, and is thought to be mutualistic because the two species share the mortality costs incurred when naive predators sample them before learning to avoid the warning signal they both use[3].
		An important mechanism that frequently occurs in adaptation is that of mimicry: many organisms both large and small have found a selective advantage in imitating the appearance or function associated with an otherwise distinct creature or aspect of the natural environment.
	scienceweek.com /2005/sa050225-1.htm (697 words)

	Information Sheet 11, Mimicry in Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The term mimicry is commonly applied to the resemblance of one insect (called the mimic) to another (called the model) so that a third insect or other observer is deceived into confusing the two.
		For instance, there is a moth that mimics the leg movements and threat postures of a spider, and a spider that mimics both the appearance, movements and color of a stinging, distasteful ant.
		An example of Batesian mimicry is when the yummy viceroy butterfly mimics the orange and fl coloration of the distasteful monarch butterfly.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/insects/ahb/inf11.html (541 words)

	Monarchs, Viceroys and Queens
		Such is curretly the case with the delightful and fascinating science of mimicry.
		This reciprocal kind of mimicry is called Mullerian and it seems that the relation between Monarchs and Viceroys may be an example of it.
		In fact the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of these two types of mimicry are very different in terms of both predators and prey.
	www.chebucto.ns.ca /Environment/NHR/monarch.html (1102 words)

	Dynamic mimicry in an Indo-Malayan octopus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During research dives in Indonesia, dynamic mimicry (the ability to rapidly switch between mimicing different models) was observed in a spectacular long-armed octopus new to science.
		Mimicry of poisonous flatfish, banded sea snakes, lionfish and jellyfish are reported.
		Two potential benefits from this spectacular behaviour are suggested: dynamic mimicry decreases the frequency with which predators encounter particular mimics, making it harder for them to spot imposters; and it allows the octopus to use the most appropriate form of mimicry for particular threats.
	www.pubs.royalsoc.ac.uk /proc_bio_content/abstracts/norman.htm (241 words)

	The D. Pfennig Lab - Mimicry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		According to the Batesian mimicry hypothesis, a palatable species may evolve to resemble or mimic a dangerous species (the “model”) because both receive protection from predation.
		A critical prediction of this hypothesis is that this protection should break down where the dangerous model is absent, because predators would not be under selection to recognize the model and any other species that resemble it as dangerous.
		We also are evaluating if mimicry promotes speciation between populations in sympatry versus in allopatry with the dangerous model.
	www.bio.unc.edu /faculty/Pfennig/Mimicry.htm (222 words)

	Mimicry
		Mimicry: The Tale of the Birds and the Butterflies
		The most likely reason for their mimicry is that, many generations ago, there were some Viceroy ancestors among a varied population who looked kind of like Monarchs.
		There are good reasons that, in general, predatory species have larger brain to body size ratios than their prey do.
	www.cod.edu /people/faculty/fancher/Mimicry.htm (725 words)

	mimicry
		.) Mimicry serves either to protect the mimic from its predators, as when the model is inedible or dangerous, or to deceive its prey (e.g., certain ant-eating spiders that themselves resemble ants).
		Mimicry software; a new option for electronic document delivery and transfer.
		Disease-Associated Mimicry Peptides with Opposing Function In Vivo: Mechanistic Implications for Immunotherapy of Autoimmune Diabetes.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0833262.html (327 words)

	Most Spectacular Batesian Mimicry
		Batesian mimicry involves a palatable, unprotected species (the mimic) that closely resembles an unpalatable or protected species (the model) (Devries 1987).
		True Batesian mimicry is parasitic in nature with the model deriving no benefit and possible harm (Devries 1987).
		Charles Darwin, although accepting Batesian mimicry, viewed it as accidental with the mimic looking similar enough to the unrelated model to allow it slight protection (Clarke and Sheppard 1960a).
	ufbir.ifas.ufl.edu /chap28.htm (1183 words)

	The chemical basis for repulsion (from mimicry) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "The chemical basis for repulsion (from mimicry)" when you join.
		This form of mimicry is named for its discoverer, the 19th-century English...
		A fascinating result of evolution is the phenomenon of mimicry, the superficial resemblance of one organism to another that gives the mimicking organism some advantage or protection from predators.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-11891?tocId=11891 (963 words)

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