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Topic: Mimivirus

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	Huge New Virus Defies Classification \| LiveScience
		Mimivirus was found during a search in 1992 for the source of an outbreak of pneumonia in Bradford, England.
		Mimivirus is, however, like other viruses in that it is not able to convert energy or replicate on its own.
		Mimivirus was found to have 1.2 million base pairs - the ones and zeros of the genetic code.
	www.livescience.com /animals/041111_giant_virus.html (700 words)

	Mimivirus: discovery of a giant virus
		Mimivirus: discovery of a giant virus.A team of French researchers in Marseille has isolated and characterized a virus found in amoebas that is much bigger than any virus ever found to date.
		This virus, dubbed "Mimivirus" by its discoverers (Bernard La Scola et al., Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine, Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020), has a diameter and genetic material about the size of that of some bacteria, much larger than any virus that has been identified as of this time.
		Mimivirus appears to be an icosahedral-shaped particle with a diameter of 400 nm and no envelope, surrounded by 80-nm long fibrils.
	www.cnrs.fr /cw/en/pres/compress/mimivirus.htm (366 words)

	Mimivirus in Pneumonia Patients \| CDC EID
		To verify that antibodies against Mimivirus in patients with pneumonia recognize Mimivirus particles specifically, a serum sample of 1 of these patients was used to detect Mimivirus particles by immunogold technique as previously described (12).
		Mimivirus was found in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 1 of 32 patients with ICU-acquired pneumonia and none in specimens from 21 intubated control patients in ICU who did not have pneumonia (5).
		Mimivirus DNA was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a 60-year-old comatose patient who had 2 episodes of hospital-acquired pneumonia during hospitalization in ICU.
	www.cdc.gov /Ncidod/eid/vol11no03/04-0538.htm (2075 words)

	Recent Publications
		In an attempt to further elucidate the evolutionary origin of Mimivirus using the viral genome sequence, Suhre et al analyzed the 5' upstream regions of all Mimivirus genes in search of transcriptional motifs.
		A recent sequence analysis of the Mimivirus genome revealed that at least one-third of the Mimivirus genes have at least one paralogue in the genome, highlighting the major role played by both large segmental and smaller gene duplication events in shaping the Mimivirus genome.
		As a result, the discovery of an intein in Mimivirus implicates that DNA viruses may have been the central reservoir of inteins throughout the course of evolution.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/mimi/2005/Findings.htm (580 words)

	Mimivirus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mimivirus is a viral genus containing a single identified species named Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV).
		Mimivirus possesses many characteristics which place it at the boundary of living and non-living.
		Ghedin, Elodie, and Claverie, J-M, 2005, "Mimivirus relatives in the Sargasso sea," Virology Journal 2:62.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mimivirus (1546 words)

	Virology Journal \| Full text \| A new example of viral intein in Mimivirus
		The intriguing association of an extremophilic archaeal-type intein with a mesophilic eukaryotic-like PolB in Mimivirus is consistent with the hypothesis that DNA viruses might have been the central reservoir of inteins throughout the course of evolution.
		Mimivirus is the largest known virus, both in particle size (>0.4 μm in diameter) and genome length, recently discovered in amoeba, following the inspection of a hospital cooling tower prompted by a pneumonia outbreak [1].
		Mimivirus is mesophilic, growing in amoeba under the temprature of 37°C. The association of an archaeal-seqeunce-like intein with a eukaryotic-like PolB in Mimivirus thus suggests an indirect interaction between mesophilic eukaryotic viruses and extremophilic archaeabacteria.
	www.virologyj.com /content/2/1/8 (3225 words)

	Mimivirus
		Mimivirus is one of the largest and most complex viruses known.
		The complexity and magnitude of the Mimivirus genome, combined with the large size of the virus, calls into question some of the established divisions between viruses and single-celled organisms, as well as raising questions about their evolution.
		Pneumonia in mice inoculated experimentally with Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus.
	www.microbiologybytes.com /virology/Mimivirus.html (508 words)

	What is a Mimivirus?
		The Mimivirus was discovered by accident in 1992 during research into Legionnaires’ disease being conducted by French scientists in Marseille.
		Mimivirus is one of several known DNA viruses, relatively rare and large in comparison to their cousin the RNA viruses.
		Mimivirus is so unusual that some scientists have suggested that it may be part of a new kingdom of life.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-mimivirus.htm (476 words)

	Virology Journal \| Full text \| Mimivirus relatives in the Sargasso sea
		In the universal tree of life, the Mimivirus lineage appears to define a new branch, predating the emergence of all established eukaryotic kingdoms [2].
		Another piece of evidence substantiating the existence of an unknown Mimivirus relative in the Sargasso Sea is the discovery of contigs built from the data that contain multiple genes with a high degree of similarity to Mimivirus genes.
		For example, Mimivirus capsid protein (R441) was found to be 48.5% identical to an unknown environmental sequence, when it is only 36.2% identical to the major capsid protein Vp49 of Chlorella virus CVG-1, its best match among known viruses (Figure 3).
	www.virologyj.com /content/2/1/62 (2374 words)

	Microbe Magazine
		Mimivirus has a low proportion of noncoding and junk DNA (9.5%), smaller than that of Rickettsia prowazekii, whose genome is in the same size range.
		Although mimivirus appears to belong to the NCLDV, it could be considered distinct enough to be the first isolate of a new virus family, the Mimiviridae.
		In any case, the NCLDV and mimivirus appear to constitute a single clade whose progenitors contained a complete set of 57 core genes, some of which were lost through reductive evolution when they associated with hosts in specific niches, as is also believed to have happened for many intracellular bacteria.
	www.asm.org /news/index.asp?bid=35625 (2396 words)

	Mimivirus
		Mimivirus is one of the largest and most complex viruses known.
		The complexity and magnitude of the Mimivirus genome, combined with the large size of the virus, calls into question some of the established divisions between viruses and single-celled organisms, as well as raising questions about their evolution.
		Mimivirus particles also have a unique protruding vertex similar to that observed in tailed bacteriophages.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /3035/Mimivirus.html (297 words)

	The 1.2-Megabase Genome Sequence of Mimivirus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We recently reported the discovery and preliminary characterization of Mimivirus, the largest known virus, with a 400-nanometer particle size comparable to mycoplasma.
		Mimivirus is a double-stranded DNA virus growing in amoebae.
		The size and complexity of the Mimivirus genome challenge the established frontier between viruses and parasitic cellular organisms.
	serc.carleton.edu:81 /resources/13941.html (233 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Giant Virus 'Breaking the Rules' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They found that Mimivirus broke the rules and blurred the usual line between viruses and cellular organisms.
		But Mimivirus, which is not known to cause human disease, contains a number of genes for protein translation.
		Mimivirus appears to represent a new family of large "nucleocytoplasmic" DNA viruses that emerged early in evolution.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=94088 (177 words)

	Phaneronoemikon: Going back to Mimivirus and the RNA world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mimivirus, with its 911 protein-coding genes, codes for 50 proteins never before seen in viruses, including chaperones to assist protein folding and proof reading enzymes.
		The mimivirus is a giant double-stranded DNA virus with mature particles of 400 nm in diameter (icosahedral capsid).
		Viral Eukaryogenesis is the hypothesis, proposed by Philip Bell in 2001, that the cell nucleus of eukaryotic life forms evolved from a large DNA virus in a form of endosymbiosis within a mycoplasma cell.
	www.phaneronoemikon.org /blog/2006/03/going-back-to-mimivirus-and-rna-world.html (1289 words)

	Bizarre New Organism May Be 'Fourth Domain Of Life'
		The "giant virus", dubbed the Mimivirus, or "mimicking microbe", because it was first mistaken for a bacterium, inhabits amoebae and is more than twice as big as any other virus so far found.
		The size and complexity of the Mimivirus genetic code - which is 1.2 million "letters" long, at least 10 times larger than the code of a typical virus - "challenges the established frontier between viruses and parasitic cellular organisms", they report today in the journal Science.
		The Mimivirus - which so far has only been found in Bradford - appears to represent a new family of "nucleocytoplasmic" large DNA viruses that emerged with the first life on Earth some four billion years ago, said Prof Raoult.
	www.rense.com /general58/dorth.htm (554 words)

	CBC News:Giant virus discovered in water tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The virus was dubbed Mimivirus, short for "mimicking microbe." Didier Raoult at the Mediterranean University in Marseille and his team weren't able to detect bacterial-specific genes in the virus.
		Mimivirus has at least 900 genes, an enormous figure for a virus.
		British microbiologist Tom Rowbotham took the initial sample of Mimivirus from the air conditioning unit of a water cooling tower in Bradford, northern England, in 1992.
	www.cbc.ca /stories/print/2003/03/28/virus_giant030328 (266 words)

	News in Science - Bizarre giant virus rewrites the record books - 31/03/2003
		With 900 genes, the Mimivirus genome is three times the size of its poxvirus relatives, such as herpes or smallpox.
		Although Mimivirus is not known to cause any human disease, initial tests suggest it might be capable of causing a type of pneumonia.
		Gibbs said that with such an extensive genome derived from an unknown array of sources, the Mimivirus may be a 'treasure trove' of new genes for potential use in biotechnology.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s818289.htm (892 words)

	Actualité Scientifique
		Environ 39% des gènes de Mimivirus n’ont aucune similarité avec les séquences nucléotidiques présentes dans les banques de données (E<10-5) et sont considérés comme étant des gènes orphelins désignés par le terme « ORFans » (orphan ORFs).
		Enfin, leur reconnaissance par des sérums de souris immunisées avec Mimivirus a été démontrée par immunoblot, résultat confirmé avec le sérum d’un patient infecté.
		Mimivirus giant particles incorporate a large fraction of anonymous and unique gene products.
	www.inserm-actualites.com /index.php?id=612 (2031 words)

	Lab Manual Exercise # 1
		The discovery of a virus called "mimivirus" in 1992 complicates the placement of viruses in the overall classification scheme for living organisms.
		Mimivirus was found inside an amoeba within a cooling tower in Bradford, UK.
		Whether mimivirus should be placed in an existing domain (superkingdom), or in its own domain, remains to be seen.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /lmexer1.htm (7384 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| 'World's largest virus' found
		"Mimivirus" is the biggest virus found so far, and was discovered in a sample taken from a water cooling tower in Bradford, UK, in 1992.
		Amoebas, large single-celled organisms, are commonly found in air-conditioning systems in large buildings, and often harbour various bacteria and viruses inside them, which can go on to infect people working in those buildings.
		The researchers who examined Mimivirus, from the National Centre for Scientific Research in Paris, France, said that blood samples from people with pneumonia had revealed antibodies for this virus, suggesting that their immune systems had come into contact with it at some point.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/2895165.stm (328 words)

	Henry's Webiocosm Blog: The Mimivirus
		Apparently this news is a couple of years old but I had not yet heard until reading the comments from the previously mentioned post in The Loom.
		Here are a few links about the Mimivirus which is short for mimicking microbe because it is so large it was initially mistaken for a bacteria.
		It is consideried by many to qualify as a living organism by standards which generally exclude viruses.
	webiocosm.blogspot.com /2005/03/mimivirus.html (580 words)

	Ameba-associated Microorganisms and Pneumonia \| CDC EID
		To elucidate the role of ameba-associated microorganisms (AAMs) as etiologic agents of pneumonia, we screened for Legionella spp., Parachlamydia acanthamoeba, Afipia sp., Bosea spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Mesorhizobium amorphae, Rasbo bacterium, Azorhizobium caulinodans, Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus, and conventional microorganisms in 210 pneumonia patients in intensive-care units by using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and serologic testing.
		polyphaga mimivirus was the fourth most common etiologic agent, with a higher seroprevalence than noted in healthy controls.
		The serologic evidence obtained from these patients demonstrates only that they were infected by these bacteria or a cross-reactive microorganism, not that these bacteria caused their pneumonia.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol12no02/05-0434.htm (3605 words)

	Karsten Suhre homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mimivirus and the emerging concept of "giant" virus, Virus Research, 117:133-144, 2006; [reprint on ArXiv].
		Mimivirus gene- and genome duplication (one third of the Mimivirus genes have a paralogue in the genome; an ancient segmental genome duplication event of about 200 kB was detected) [PDF, supplementary material].
		Mimivirus phylogenetic trees (reconstruction of all COG'ed Mimivirus genes; in collaboration with Hiro Ogata).
	mips.gsf.de /staff/suhre (2029 words)

	VIROLOGY: A GIANT VIRUS WITH A GIANT GENOME
		Most striking, mimivirus crosses the boundary between viruses and cells that was considered more or less self-evident: viruses are assumed to be tiny and to have (much) smaller genomes than cellular life forms.
		At 1.2 Mb and with an estimated 1262 genes, the mimivirus genome is larger than the genomes of numerous parasitic bacteria and the single known parasitic archaeon, and only slightly smaller than the genomes of the simplest free-living prokaryotes.
		The physical dimensions of the virion are equally impressive: the icosahedral capsid of the mimivirus is at least 400 nm in diameter, about the same size as a small bacterial cell such as Mycoplasma[3].
	scienceweek.com /2005/sw050708-1.htm (1709 words)

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