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Topic: Min dialects

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Min Nan

Chinese dialects

Wu (linguistics)

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Dialects of Mandarin

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Hakka dialect

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	Min Nan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Min Nan, Minnan, or Min-nan (Simplified Chinese: 闽南语; Traditional Chinese: 閩南語; pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ; POJ: Bân-lâm-gú; "Southern Min" or "Southern Fujian" language) or Hokkien is the Chinese language/dialect spoken in southern Fujian province, China and neighboring areas, and by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora.
		Min Nan is mutually intelligible with neither Northern Min, Cantonese, nor Mandarin, the official Chinese language, spoken (at least as a second language) by the majority of those in mainland China and Taiwan, as well as large numbers of overseas Chinese.
		Xiamen and the Amoy dialect have played an influential role in history, especially in the relations of Western nations with China, and was one of the most frequently learned of all Chinese languages/dialects by Westerners during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Min-nan (1141 words)

	Ting #14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		ing (1979:265, ?1979:718) proposed that the Min dialects were probably derived from the main stream of the Chinese language during the Han dynasty, a claim he supported with further phonological evidence in 1983.
		As one of the major dialects spoken in Taiwan, the Min dialects have been the focus of research interests and activities.
		study the morpheme hoo in the Southern Min dialect spoken in Taiwan, a marker that occurs in the causative, the passive, and the so-called double-object, dative and serial-verb constructions.
	socrates.berkeley.edu:7502 /~jcl2/Ting.htm (1887 words)

	Ethnologue: China
		BUYANG [BYU] 2,000 to 3,000 (1990 Liang Min), including 200 at Ecun, 180 at Lagan, 200 at Maguan, 300 at Langjia, 50 at Nongna, 20 at Damen; 20 30 to 40 in Jinglong Township; and at a settlement in Guangnan County Diyu; and a village near Yiliang.
		(SOUTHERN MIN, MINNAN) [CFR] 25,725,000 in mainland China (1984); 2.5% of the population; 14,177,800 in Taiwan; 1,948,581 in Malaysia; 1,170,000 in Singapore; 1,081,920 in Thailand; 700,000 in Indonesia; 540,000 in Hongkong; 493,500 in Philippines; 10,000 in Brunei; 49,000,000 in all countries (1991 WA).
		The western dialect is reported to be fairly uniform, and is considered to be the standard (from Dayan in Lijiang County).
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Chin.html (11262 words)

	Articles - Chinese spoken language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The general situation is one of dialect continuum where one can understand perfectly people speaking the local dialect and that the intelligibility decreases as the speaker comes from more and more distant regions.
		In southern China where the difference between Standard Mandarin and the local dialect is particularly pronounced, well-educated Chinese are generally fluent in Mandarin, and most people have at least a good passive knowledge of it, in addition to being native speakers of the local dialect.
		The Min dialects are often regarded as the dialects furthest removed from Standard Mandarin, in phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Chinese_dialect?mySession=39d242b88eaea3fa3f7b64b00269df32 (1844 words)

	Teochew (dialect) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Teochew is a member of Southern Min group, one of the divisions of spoken Chinese.
		Chaoshan was one of the major sources of Chinese emigration to Southeast Asia during the 18th–20th centuries, forming one of the larger dialect groups among the Overseas Chinese.
		The grammar of Teochew is similar to southern Chinese dialects, especially with Hakka and Cantonese.
	www.1bx.com /en/Chaozhou_dialect.htm (786 words)

	Numerals - SE Asian Readings of Characters
		Min dialects show the opposite with a progression of the end consonant towards the back of the mouth.
		In FuJian and NE GuangDong where the Min speaking population are, their population locations are both isolated due to lack of rivers and roads or communication routes, and geographically inaccessible because of the mountainous terrain [see notes].
		In the FuZhou dialect, all -t and -p endings have gone to -k, (1, 7, 8, 10), a velar plosive, which demonstrates the gradual movement of the occlusive ending from being articulated at the lips (bilabial -p) to the teeth ridge (alveolar -t) and backwards to the palate (velar -k), an observation made by others.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/cjkvnum.htm (5340 words)

	YRS Panel at the 2002 ICSTLL
		The Huang-Xiao or Chu dialects are spoken primarily in northeastern Hubei province.
		The dialects of mid Jiangsu Province occupy a region where the Jiang-Hwai Mandarin dialects border with the northern Wu dialects.
		This situation reflects the dialects' border status as well as the historical influence of Wu dialects in the region, which may have occupied a zone that reached much farther north in the past.
	www.geocities.com /yuenrensociety/2002_icstll_panel.html (426 words)

	Min Nan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Both are often classified as dialects of the Chinese language (itself part of the Sino-Tibetan language family).
		However, Min Nan, Northern Min and Mandarin (the Chinese official dialect) are not mutually intelligible.
		Min Nan is spoken in the southern part of the southeastern Chinese province of Fujian as well as by descendents of migrants from this province in Taiwan, Guangdong (around Chaozhou-Swatou, and Leizhou peninsula), Hainan, two counties in southern Zhejiang and Zhoushan archipelago offshore Ningbo.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/convert-dvd-to-vcd.html (442 words)

	[No title]
		Mandarin (the Chinese official dialect) are not mutually intelligible.
		Min Nan is spoken in the southern part of the southeastern Chinese province of
		There are three main dialects of Min Nan in southern Fujian, corresponding to the areas of:
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Min-nan (359 words)

	Ethnologue report for China
		Dialects: Formerly considered to be part of the Xibei Guanhua dialect of Mandarin, but now considered by many to be a separate major variety of Chinese.
		Nu River dialect is spoken from Gongshan Dulong-Nu Autonomous County west to Chayu (Zayü) County in Tibet.
		The western dialect is reported to be fairly uniform and is considered to be the standard (from Dayan town in Lijiang County).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=China (8374 words)

	Chinese language Online Research :: Information about Chinese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Min (linguistics) é—©, which linguists further divide into 5 to 7 subdivisions on its own, all of which are mutually unintelligible.
		Standard Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect, which is the dialect of Mandarin (linguistics) as spoken in Beijing, and the governments intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication.
		Dialects spoken in China's regional political or cultural capitals were still seen as prestigious and widely used as the lingua franca throughout the entire region (much like Europe's case); their linguistic influence however were more dependent on the status and wealth of the capital than entirely on the political boundaries of the region.
	in-northcarolina.com /search/Chinese_language.html (7255 words)

	Min Nan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Southern Min and its counterpart Northern Min (Min Bei) can be grouped together as the Min language group.
		However, Min Nan is mutually intelligible with neither Northern Min nor Mandarin, the official Chinese language, spoken (at least as a second language) by the majority of those in mainland China and Taiwan, as well as by large numbers of overseas Chinese throughout the world.
		Min Nan is spoken in the southern part of the southeastern Chinese province of Fujian by the Hoklo as well as their descendants who migrated from this province to Taiwan, Guangdong (around Chaozhou-Swatou, and Leizhou peninsula), Hainan, two counties in southern Zhejiang and Zhoushan archipelago offshore Ningbo.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Min-Nan.htm (549 words)

	CHINESE LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Standard Mandarin is based on the Beijing_dialect, which is the dialect of Mandarin as spoken in Beijing, and the governments intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication.
		Although, as with Europe, dialects of regional political or cultural capitals were still prestigious and widely used as the region's lingua franca, their linguistic influence depended more on the capital's status and wealth than entirely on the political boundaries of the region.
		They refer to dialects as ''the speech'' of a location, for example Beijing_dialect is (北京話/北京话), the speech of Beijing, and Shanghainese is (上海話/上海话), the speech of Shanghai.
	www.abait.com /Chinese_language (6519 words)

	[Wikipedia-l] Wikipedia in Chinese dialects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		But the truth is, > all Chinese dialects other than Mandarin remain a spoken language, and > extremely few books/articles/etc. are published in dialects.
		If we follow that line of thinking, then yes, since there is no public education in the world that teaches written Cantonese, we should not have an encyclopedia in it.
		Chinese are so accustomed to writing in a common language they never speak that some do oppose writing in their own dialect.
	mail.wikipedia.org /pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-February/037233.html (1058 words)

	吴人社区 - Intelligibility Among Wu Dialects
		All Wu dialects have different tone sandhi patterns so going even from Shanghai to Suzhou will cause some initial difficulties, but the ears adjust to them very quickly because the consonants throughout Wu dialects are very stable, and there are some very consistent vowel patterns between the dialects.
		Min is also not the name of a language but a branch.
		Min is either a southern variety or an archaic northern one.
	bbs.zanhei.com /archive/index.php/t-29.html (1496 words)

	[No title]
		dialect is often used to translate the Chinese term fangyan, the differences between the major spoken variations of Chinese are such that they are mutually unintelligible.
		Wu dialect is notable among Chinese dialects in having kept voiced consonants, such as /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/, etc. (These may in fact be better described as voiceless consonants that create a voiced breathy element across the syllable: i.e.
		Kyrgyzstan, and is akin to northwestern dialects of
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Chinese_spoken_language (1777 words)

	Learn Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		BUYANG [BYU] 2,000 to 3,000 (1990 Liang Min), including 200 at Ecun, 180 at Lagan, 200 at Maguan, 300 at Langjia, 50 at Nongna, 20 at Damen, 30 to 40 at Jinglong Township, and at a settlement in Guangnan County Diyu, and a village near Yiliang.
		CHINESE, MIN BEI [MNP] 10,290,000 1.2% of the population (1984).
		Southeastern Guangdong Province, (Lianhua dialect in Haifeng and Huidong counties; Luofu dialect in Boluo and Zengcheng counties).
	www.beijing-china.net /_wsn/page16.html (6218 words)

	Kurdology
		The Kurmanci dialects have a case inflection for nouns and pronouns; the verb has a present and a past tense root; there is no passive conjugation, but an analytic passive is formed with the auxiliary verb hatin, 'to come'.
		A few samples of Macho (as the Kakai dialect is often called, after the expression for 'I say') from Topzawa near Tawuq may suffice to show its belonging to the Gorani dialects: min birinc morî, 'I eat the rice', min birincim ward, 'I ate the rice'; çem, 'eye', çemim, 'my eye'.
		The Zaza dialects are not a monolithic whole; among them, important dialectal differences appear, not only in phonetics (e.g the Dersimi s as opposed to sh in all other varieties), but also in morphology; for example, the personal pronoun systems diverge significantly.
	www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk /~siamakr/Kurdish/Papers/Leezenberg93/sec1.html (3516 words)

	Chinese Language Information - Articles Free (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Standard Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect, which is the dialect of Mandarin as spoken in Beijing, and the governments intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication.
		They refer to dialects as the speech of a location, for example Beijing dialect is (å—äº¬è©±/å—äº¬è¯), the speech of Beijing, and Shanghainese is (ä¸æµ·è©±/ä¸æµ·è¯), the speech of Shanghai.
		For example, Sichuan dialect is considered distinct from Beijing dialect in the same way that Cantonese is, although linguists consider Sichuan dialect and Beijing dialect Mandarin dialects, unlike Cantonese.
	www.articlesfree.com /index.php?title=Chinese_language (6758 words)

	Xiamen Missionary Romanization
		The following charts show the missionary romanization system (MRS) that is widely used to transcribe the dialect of Xiamen and other closely related dialects, such as those of Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Tongan, and Taiwan.
		This group of dialects is often referred to collectively as Hokkien or Holo.
		Hokkien is a major sub-group of the Southern Min (Minnan) language family that is spoken in southern Fujian Province, the southeast coast of Guangdong Province, and Hainan Island.
	www.raccoonbend.com /languages/xiarom.html (676 words)

	M. Chan's C785: Modern Chin. Dialects (Sp 94)
		This course investigates the phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax of several major Chinese dialects from a cross-dialectal, comparative approach.
		Students are also encouraged to provide additional dialect data for class discussion of the readings.
		Each student is also expected to submit: (1) a short reaction paper (circa 5 double-spaced typed pages), and (2) an oral and written version of a squib (circa 5 double-spaced pages) on a topic or problem relevant to the course.
	people.cohums.ohio-state.edu /chan9/c785-s94.htm (425 words)

	Noncompositional » Blog Archive » Unity and diversity in China
		To this number must be added the groups of Min dialects spoken in northeastern Guangdong.
		On the other hand, Mandarin dialects are generally mutually intelligible, and in a fashion similar to the American west, rapid spread of Mandarin speakers has led to a wide swath of Chinese territory being populated by speakers of very similar dialects.
		The Chinese believe that they speak dialects of a single language not because they are unaware of the objective linguistic facts, but because of certain cultural considerations.
	www.noncompositional.com /2005/07/unity-and-diversity-in-china (830 words)

	吴人社区 - Intelligibility Among Wu Dialects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		I understand that the Wenzhou dialect is unintellible to Shanghainess ears.
		I did some research on the Wenzhou "dialect" and it seems to be clear now that it's basically a separate language from northern Wu.
		The problem with the charts is it's difficult to diagram in the later influences of the dialects with each other (such as Mandarin on Wu).
	bbs.zanhei.com /printthread.php?t=29 (1545 words)

	Spoken Chinese (Mandarin, Cantonese, Taiwanese, etc)
		These languages are known variously as fāngyán (regional languages), dialects of Chinese or varieties of Chinese.
		All varieties of Chinese belong to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages and each one has its own dialects and sub-dialects, which are more or less mutually intelligible.
		It used to be considered as a dialect of Mandarin, but is now thought to be a separate variety of Chinese.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/chinese_spoken.htm (634 words)

	Chinese - Min
		There is a wide distinction between the Min dialects themselves.
		], eastern Min by the dialect of Xiamen (
		The tone sandhi which occurs in both of these Min language dialects is rather complex.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /chinese/min.htm (207 words)

	Min Dialects
		Min is a cover term for several languages spoken in Fujian province, some common names including Hokkien, Holo, Hoktsiu, Teochew, Hainanese.
		The Min dialects are divided into several divisions (languages) because mutual intelligibility between them is very difficult: Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Central and Western Min, and Qiongwen (spoken on Hainan island).
		So there are some remnants in Min that resemble a much earlier form of Chinese than can be found in any of the other Sinitic languages.
	www.glossika.com /en/dict/dialectmn.htm (301 words)

	Chinese Dictionaries, Second Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		All three dictionaries deal with the Min dialects formerly spoken and codified in the former treaty ports of Fujian province including Shantou (Swatow) and Xiamen (Amoy), as well as the island of Taiwan (Formosa).
		In his preface to the dictionary, Douglas comments that the term ‘Amoy vernacular’ refers to several dialects of the region with a total of ten to twelve million speakers, noting that ‘this is the first dictionary of the spoken language’.
		Adele M. Fielde (1839–1916), born in New York State, led a remarkable life as a missionary, scientist, and suffragette, and is the subject of a recent biography by Leonard Warren (2002).
	www.ganesha-publishing.com /linguist_dic2.htm (550 words)

	Research on Hakka - Especially On Hakka Dialects
		The relics of l initial in southern dialects* of China
		On the disintegration of Tone C in Liancheng dialects
		An etymological study of stem as a measure word in dialects of west Fujian
	www.freewebs.com /hakkaresearch/mypapers.htm (224 words)

	languagehat.com: GLOSSIKA.
		Most dialects have tone data, which is listed in master tone lists by language.
		The orgin and differences between various dialects of Southern Min/Hokkien is well discussed in the introduction to the lession.
		Although some nativists don't like it because it basically means "Southern Min" and also is a broad category that includes dialects of Min not spoken in Taiwan.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001022.php (3242 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The project aims to investigate the grammatical features of Chaozhou, a distinctive dialect of the southern Min group spoken in Hong Kong and southeast Asia as well as in eastern Guangdong.
		Beyond the study of Chaozhou and southern Min, the significance of the research lies in its contribution to the comparative study of Chinese dialects.
		Southern Min dialects are of great interest for the comparative grammar of Chinese dialects: interrogatives, comparatives and aspect, for example, are all known to differ substantially from both Mandarin and Cantonese.
	www.hku.hk /linguist/staff/chaozhou.html (359 words)

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