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	minaret – FREE minaret Information \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		The free-standing conical minaret surrounded by a spiral staircase, probably deriving from the ancient Babylonian ziggurat, was built at Samarra, Iraq, and in Cairo in the second half of the 9th cent.
		The most typical Egyptian development is seen in the octagonal minarets of the two 15th-century Cairo mosques of El-Azhar and Kait-bey; both have two balconies, the upper smaller than the lower, over projecting friezes of stalactite vaulting and are surmounted by an elongated and bulbous finial.
		The most distinctly Persian development (see Persian art and architecture) are the two pairs of slim, towering minarets flanking the huge entrance arches of the Isfahan Masjid-i Shah (c.1612); the conical shafts terminate in covered balconies and are entirely encased in brilliant blue tiles.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-minaret.html (941 words)

	Minaret of Jam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is famous for its intricate brick, stucco and glazed tile decoration, which consists of alternating bands of kufic and nashki calligraphy, geometric patterns, and verses from the Qur'an (the surat Maryam, relating to Mary, the mother of Jesus).
		The Minaret of Jam belongs to a group of around 60 minarets and towers built between the 11th and the 13th centuries in Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan, eg.
		The minaret of Jam is currently threatened by erosion, water infiltration and floods, due to its proximity to the Hari Rud and Jam Rud rivers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minaret_of_Jam (800 words)

	Global Heritage Fund - Site Profile
		The graceful Minaret of Jam, which, at a height of 65 metres is the second tallest minaret in the world, soars above the floor of a deep river valley in west-central Afghanistan.
		The minaret displays exceptional craftsmanship and superb artistic detail and is one of the finest examples of Islamic architecture in the region.
		Perhaps it was erected as a "victory tower" to glorify the deeds of a Ghurid sultan.
	www.globalheritagefund.org /sites/EMEA/middle_east/jam.html (316 words)

	04.29.2008
		Rising 65 metres, the minaret is far from inconspicuous, yet such is its remoteness that rumours of its existence only reached the west in 1944.
		The tallest complete and authentic ancient minaret in the world, it is believed to have been built by the once great Ghorid empire, who in the late 12th century ruled over what are now Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, as far south as Delhi.
		The journey to Jam is deemed too dangerous for most, with threats ranging from local banditry to abduction or execution by insurgents who range through Ghor province, in which the minaret stands, on their way south to do battle with the International Security Assistance Force (Isaf) in Helmand.
	www.embassyofafghanistan.org /04.29.2008.html (837 words)

	TV 2 Blog - Sadaf
		The Minaret of Jam soars into the sky in a steep-sided valley in central Afghanistan - it is hard to believe that such a magnificent, 63 m high structure could have been ‘forgotten’ about by the outside world after the Mongol destruction of the site ca.
		Then again, given the remoteness of Jam, perhaps it is not surprising that the Minaret remained virtually unknown until the Russo-Afghan Boundary Commission ‘re-discovered’ it in 1886.
		Jam is located at the confluence of the Hari Rud and Jam Rud, about 215 km to the east of Herat, in Ghor province of central Afghanistan.
	blog-dyn.tv2.dk /fmz9123 (506 words)

	Great Game Travel - Adventure Travel in Afghanistan: Minaret of Jam
		The minaret of Jam was built by Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad (AD 1163-1203) of the Ghurid Sultanate upon his defeat of the Ghaznavid Empire.
		In the heart of the Central Highlands of Afghanistan, the Minaret of Jam is a three day drive from Kabul, along some of the most rugged and difficult roads in the country.
		For nine months of the year the roads across this part of the country are impassable, either because of the snow blocking the high mountain passes, or because of the swollen rivers during the springtime snow-melt.
	www.greatgametravel.com /trip_planner/destinations/minaret_of_jam (387 words)

	Trip to Afghan minaret proves a satisfying end to mission \| Stars and Stripes
		Leaning slightly due to centuries of erosion, the Minaret at Jam rises in the solitude of a rugged valley in the heart of Ghur Province, Afghanistan.
		The Minaret of Jam is one of the ancient monuments in Afghanistan that has survived centuries of earthquakes, floods, decades of war and the destructive acts of the Taliban.
		The Minaret of Jam is one of 60 towers dating between the 11th and 13th centuries that remains in Afghanistan, Iran and the Central Asian Republics.
	www.stripes.com /article.asp?section=103&article=38555&archive=true (1004 words)

	Under threat: The Magnificent Minaret of Jam: UNESCO
		One of the few ancient monuments in Afghanistan to survive the wrath of war, the fury of the elements and acts of destruction by the Taliban, is the Minaret of Jam.
		The Minaret of Jam is one of over 60 towers, dating from between the early 11th and mid-13th centuries, still standing in Afghanistan, Iran, and the Central Asian Republics.
		The minaret is now threatened by water seeping from the two rivers at whose confluence it stands, by vibrations from a planned road-building project nearby, and continuing illegal archaeological digs.
	portal.unesco.org /en/ev.php-URL_ID=6643&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (433 words)

	Minaret of Jam (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Built in the 12th century, the 65m-tall (213 feet) Minaret of Jam is the only well-preserved monument from the Ghorid period.
		The minaret raises on a deep river valley between towering mountains in the heart of the Ghur province.
		Minaret and Archeological Remains of Jam - Redtail Canyon
	www.nrg.to /taile/minaret.html (89 words)

	Afghanistan: Race To Preserve Historic Minarets Of Herat, Jam
		Unknown to the West until the 1950s, the Minaret of Jam was the first site in Afghanistan to be placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
		The preservation efforts in both Herat and Jam would be even more difficult were it not for the enthusiasm the Afghans themselves have shown in the projects.
		The minarets in Herat and the nearby mausoleum of Queen Gawhar Shad were at one time covered with glazed tiles in shades of turquoise, yellow, deep blue, cream, and fl.
	www.payvand.com /news/05/jul/1154.html (1256 words)

	Art Bulletin, The: Le Minaret Ghouride de Jam: Un chef d'oeuvre du XIIe siecle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Jam minaret is believed to be a precursor of the most famous of these, the Qutb Minar in Delhi (from 1199).
		This problem, not unique to Jam, is also posed by other eastern Iranian and Afghan minarets of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, some of which may have functioned as beacons to guide wayfarers rather than places from which the adhan, the call to prayer, was given.
		A twelfth-century minaret at Qasimabad in Iranian Sistan, which today stands in splendid isolation, was once similarly associated with a mud-brick mosque, as may also have been the case with two freestanding minarets in Ghazna that probably inspired the Ghurid minaret.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0422/is_3_87/ai_n15795066 (1539 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Minaret: Symbol of Faith & Power
		Thus, the minaret served the purpose indicated by its most popular name: it was introduced primarily as a marker or indicator of the presence of Islam, not specifically as a place to give the call to prayer.
		The builders of the Qutb Minar, which was begun in 1199 as the minaret of the Quwwat al-Islam ("Might of Islam") Mosque in Delhi—the first great Muslim construction in northern India—were undoubtedly inspired in part by the minaret of Jam.
		And the minaret of the King Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca is a tribute to 20th-century engineering (Photo 16): Its 200-meter (650’) minaret has a pierced, square shaft enclosing a high-speed elevator.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200202/the.minaret-symbol.of.faith.power.htm (4582 words)

	Minaret of Jam, Tower of Jam, Minaret of Afghanistan
		Minaret of Jam, one of the World Heritage Sites in Afghanistan, talks with the sky in a remote valley encircled by barren mountains.
		Minaret of Jam is made of baked bricks with a blue tile inscription at the top.
		The Minaret is accessible through a set of double spiral stairs that run from the octagonal base to the circular top.
	afghanistan.saarctourism.org /minaret-jam.html (346 words)

	Jam Minaret
		The Minaret of Jam stands sixty-five meters tall in a deep rugged valley at the juncture of the Hari and Jam rivers, approximately one hundred kilometers east of Herat.
		The earlier date supports the prevailing argument that the minaret was erected alone to commemorate the Ghurid conquest of Ghazna in 1173.
		Remains of a fort or castle are seen on a hilltop to the east of the minaret.
	archnet.org /library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=11345 (901 words)

	Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports
		The Minaret of Jam is located in western Afghanistan.
		The 65 metre high minaret, surrounded by mountains that reach up to 2400 meters, is built entirely of baked-bricks.
		It is famous for its intricate brick, stucco and glazed tile decoration, which consists of alternating bands of kufic and naskhi calligraphy, geometric patterns, and verses from the Qur'an.
	www.worldheritagesite.org /sites/minaretofjam.html (91 words)

	Le Minaret Ghouride de Jam: Un chef d'oeuvre du XIIe siecle.(Book Review) - The Art Bulletin \| Encyclopedia.com
		Le Minaret Ghouride de Jam: Un chef d'oeuvre du XIIe siecle
		The twelfth-century minaret at Jam in central Afghanistan (roughly midway between Herat and Kabul) is possibly the most spectacular medieval monument in the Islamic world (Fig.
		Standing 255 feet high in the narrow confines of a remote mountain valley that is difficult of access, susceptible to flood...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-137399089.html (155 words)

	41e
		The tower, with its elaborate lace-like brickwork, is the world's second tallest minaret, and is of considerable importance to the history of Islamic civilization and architecture.
		The Minaret of Jam was built in 1194 by Sultan Ghiyath al-din Mohammed Ibn Sam (1163-1202) in the province of Ghur.
		The Minaret of Jam was the inspiration for New Delhi's Qutb Minar minaret, which is the tallest in the world.
	www.unesco.org /bpi/eng/unescopress/2002/02-45e.shtml (784 words)

	Le Minaret Ghouride de Jam: Un chef d'oeuvre du XIIe siecle \| Art Bulletin, The \| Find Articles at BNET
		The mountainous province of Ghur, in which the minaret stands, was a rather marginal region of the eastern Islamic world that converted to Islam only in the ninth or tenth centuries--much later than many of the surrounding areas--and was famed chiefly for its large hunting dogs.
		Since its discovery, the minaret has been recognized as the chef d'oeuvre of Ghurid patronage, whose high aesthetic values are today attested by only a handful of fragmentary monuments scattered across Afghanistan, Pakistan, and north India.
		The Jam minaret is believed to be a precursor of the most famous of these, the Qutb Minar in Delhi (from 1199).
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0422/is_3_87/ai_n15795066 (938 words)

	Looting, heritage management and archaeological strategies at Jam, Afghanistan
		Jam is located in the remote Ghur Province, roughly two-thirds of the way from Kabul to Herat, as the crow flies (a road is currently under construction).
		Fortunately, Jam is starting to receive the multi-disciplinary attention it deserves — an architectural conservation project has started to arrest the tilt of the minaret and in July 2003, the Istituto Italiano per L’Africa e L’Oriente initiated the Minaret of Jam Archaeological Project (MJAP), on behalf of UNESCO, of which I am field director.
		This is particularly the case for Qasr-e Zarafshan, the hill-top fortress overlooking the Minaret, whose inaccessibility seems to have protected it from looting for the moment.
	www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk /projects/iarc/culturewithoutcontext/issue14/thomas.htm (1561 words)

	Louis Meunier in Afganistan
		The 65m-tall Minaret of Jam is a graceful, soaring structure, dating back to the 12th century.
		The minaret’s impact is heightened by its dramatic setting, a deep river valley between towering mountains in the heart of the Ghur province.
		Her account, published in 1970, was the last visit to the lonely outpost undertaken by a major travel author before the country was swept up by years of warfare and cultural violations.
	www.thelongridersguild.com /meunier-intro.htm (1878 words)

	Minaret of Jam - Minaret of Jam - Things To Do Reviews
		He had the minaret inscribed with Sura Maryam, the 19th Sura of the Qur’an, which chronicles the work of the prophets.
		All 976 words of the Sura are recorded using baked terracotta brick.
		Near the Minaret are ruins of the 11th century Jewish cemetery of Jam.
	www.travbuddy.com /Minaret-of-Jam-v4600 (507 words)

	Afghan Architecture: Minaret of Jam
		The Minaret at Jam stands alone in a remote valley surrounded by barren mountains.
		Along the shaft are several balconies and at the top is a large lantern.
		The minaret was heavily damaged during the Soviet incursion and the Afghan civil war.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /afghanistan/MINARETJAM.htm (145 words)

	Afghanistan: Race To Preserve Historic Minarets Of Herat, Jam - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY
		And he said this is the proof that the minaret starts to move and that the process of collapse had started.
		Unknown to the West until the 1950s, the Minaret of Jam was the first site in Afghanistan to be placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
		The minarets in Herat and the nearby mausoleum of Queen Gawhar Shad were at one time covered with glazed tiles in shades of turquoise, yellow, deep blue, cream, and fl.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2005/7/DED2D5C2-69EB-46E5-8CE3-11D046DAD28C.html (1345 words)

	Minaret of Jam
		Built in the 12th century, the 65m-tall (213 feet) Minaret of Jam is the only well-preserved monument from the Ghorid period.
		The minaret raises on a deep river valley between towering mountains in the heart of the Ghur province.
		Minaret and Archeological Remains of Jam - Redtail Canyon
	members.tripod.com /tai95112/minaret.html (89 words)

	UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Exhibition of photographs: Safeguarding of the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan
		Exhibition of photographs: Safeguarding of the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan
		The Minaret of Jam, 65m high, is a gracious slender tower dating back to the twelfth century.
		The exhibition "Safeguarding of the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan" will then be moved to the "Museo di Antichità" in Turin, to form part of the exhibition "Afghanistan, I tesori ritrovati" (Summer 2007).
	whc.unesco.org /en/events/387 (251 words)

	Jam travel guide - Wikitravel
		Jam is a village in West Afghanistan, best known for the "Minaret of Jam".
		Most people who stop here do so while traversing the several day long "central route" between Herat and Kabul.
		A UNESCO World Heritage site, a 65 meter hight minaret in the middle of nowhere, second only to the Qutub Minar of Delhi in size.
	wikitravel.org /en/Jam (123 words)

	Afghanistan - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint
		After the fall of the dynasty, by the invasion of the Mongols, the minaret was forgotten and lost, until rediscovered in 1957.
		No one knows why the minaret was built or what was its purpose, because there is no evidence that a mosque was attached to it.
		The Minaret of Jam is considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the valley around it has many other amazing ruins.
	www.travellerspoint.com /guide/Afghanistan (774 words)

	Expat Monkey
		The Minaret of Jam stands 196 miles east of Herat (a 10-hour drive in a 4x4) in the province of Ghor.
		At 213 feet, it is the world's second tallest minaret (after Delhi's Qutb Minar).
		Estimated to have been built in the early 13th Century, the origins and purpose of this extremely remote monument are debated.
	www.expatmonkey.com /photos/afghanistan2jam/index.htm (66 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| From Our Own Correspondent \| Hidden jewel of Afghan culture
		The minaret of Jam, in its secret valley, looked magical and mysterious, almost impossibly slender and vulnerable, surrounded by the raw and rugged power of nature.
		Standing 65m high, it is the most significant architectural memorial to the Ghorid empire, which in the height of its glory, in the late 12th Century, dominated Afghanistan, modern Pakistan and parts of Iran and as far south as Delhi in India.
		The minaret appears to me a reminder of the beliefs these religions have in common, and an appeal for tolerance and understanding.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/rss/-/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/7380050.stm (1011 words)

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